Ko te ripeka-whakamātautau i roto i te marae: ariā, momo, tātai

Uiui o te tikanga tukanga tohu matua i roto i te tamataraa. Mai i tona mahi mohio tei runga i te Ture me te tika o te whakatau. Wehewehe i waenganui i hāngai, me te ripeka-whakamātautau. Kei te whānui whakamahia te whakamutunga i roto i te pūnaha ture Anglo-Saxon. Ko te taea o tona whakamahi i roto i te ture Russian whakarato hoki metarahi me te apitireihana whakahaerenga, take o maumaui whakahaere. Heoi, ko te faufaa rahi ko te ripeka-whakamātautau i roto i te toihara.

Whakamāramatanga o ripeka-whakamātautau

I roto i te ture Russian hou tohutohu te ariā o ripeka-whakamātautau. e kore e he whakamāramatanga taua hoatu tetahi mahi ture. Heoi, ko te tuhinga ture, pērā i Arotsker LE, Grishin, SP, Aleksandrov A. S., whakatapua ki ana akoranga o tenei āhuatanga me tona tono i roto i nga whakahaerenga kāinga.

I roto i te rangahau pūtaiao i reira he whakamāramatanga rerekē. Hei tauira, te tahi mau kaituhi whakapono e ko he tukanga ripeka-uiui ki nei e tono kaiuru pātai wā kotahi ki te tangata kotahi i te tūkunga kotahi tenei. Etahi, e whai ake nei i te tauira o te ture Western, i raro i ripeka-whakamātautau ki te mahino e whai i te tika, me te te te taha ki te ritenga.

Hoki te whakaaro o tenei tuhinga whakaae te whakamāramatanga Aleksandrova A. S. Grishina SP, rite ki nei te ripeka-uiui ko te whakamātautau o te tangata rōia nei iteraa papû e whakamahia e te hoa tauwhainga rite taunakitanga.

Signs o te ripeka-whakamātautau

Roto i te rerekē ki te whakatika, ko te ture anake tenei ahua o te uiui, e kore e tono tūhuratanga ki mua tamataraa-. faaite te reira i te mauri o te whakamātautau hou - taurite o te rōpū. I roto i tenei take, kawea ripeka-whakamātautau i roto anake i nga rōpū me te marae ui mārama pātai anake.

Taua pātai He kaha nui whakapati mo te marae, me te tekau whakaritea ki whakatika, no te mea kei te ui nga pātai i te taha ki te ritenga.

kia kia Cross-whakamātautau tonu mo te tika, na he reira tuarua i roto i te natura. E tauturu te reira ki te whakamārama i te whakaaturanga, ki te kitea maioro me mau paruparu, me, te mutunga, whāinga reira ki te whakarite i taua karanga ki te pātai ki nga kupu o te kaikorero.

O ngako tuarua o ripeka-whakamātautau kia kia tona kaupapa motuhake - te, rite ki te tikanga, e hāngai ana ki te mea i runga i te ngä, whakamārama ranei turaki i te kua whiwhi i roto i te akoranga o te whakamātautau hangatonu o ngā mōhiohio

Ko maha ohorere taua pātai, pera he tika he rōia ki tino whakahaere i te tukanga katoa, me nga whakautu o te ui.

momo

Ko te hape ki te whakapono e ripeka-whakamātautau i roto i te marae, ko te hāngai anake ki kaiwhakaatu. kia waiho i raro ia ki tetahi tangata ui. I roto i runga ki te Code o Hātepe Kirimina, ka taea e tatou te wehewehe ngā momo o ripeka-whakamātautau, i runga i te mana tukanga o te kaikorero rānei: te pātai o te hē (Art 275 Code o Hātepe Kirimina.), Te pārurenga (Art 277 Code o Hātepe Kirimina.), Te kaiwhakaatu (toi 278 CCP RF.), Tohunga (Art. 282 Code o Criminal Hātepe). I roto i tenei take, ka kia whakaaro te hāmene ripeka-whakamātautau rite nga kaiwhakaatu e whakawakia e totohe ana, me tohunga ārai. Hoki te korero ripeka-whakamätautau o te patunga, kaiwhakaatu, me tohunga o te hāmene.

ripeka-whakamātautau o ngā whāinga

kia mārama e pā ana ki te whāinga e hiahia ana ia ki te whakatutuki mā te paitanga ki tenei tukanga He rōia. Ko te fâ hopea roa o tetahi uiui ko ki te whakatū i te mau parau mau pumau. Heoi, ki te ripeka-whakamātautau, taea e koe:

• ki te whiwhi i te taunakitanga e tika ana;
• kia marae ki te feaa i te whakaaturanga o te kaikorero;
• kia marae ki te feaa i te tika o te kaiwhakaatu, i roto i te kupu atu, ki "te faaino" ia;
• te whakamahi i ngā taunakitanga ki te tautoko ranei te haaparuparu i te tūranga o te tahi atu kaiwhakaatu.

Ki te te tukanga whakamahere, e mohio ana te rōia e tetahi mea patu i te ripeka-whakamātautau, he pai ki te whakarere i te reira.

Whakaritenga ki ngā pātai ka ui

He mea tika ki te whakanui i te rerekētanga faufaa i roto i te tātai o ripeka-whakamātautau i roto i te pūnaha ture Russian me Anglo-Saxon. I roto i te US, whakamahia whānuitia ngā pātai ārahi i roto i te ripeka-whakamātautau (ina ora ratou, ki runga ki te anga ke, rāhuitia te). tukua ratou te ture ki te arotahi ki runga i te marae, me te tekau mōhiohio pai ki te korero. I roto i Russia, h. 1 tbsp. 275 Code o Criminal Hātepe mārama tohu te inadmissibility o ārahi pātai i roto i te ui ki o te whakawa. E kore te mea i rāhuitia ki te ui ratou kaiwhakaatu, tohunga me patunga e te ui i roto i te tikanga i whakaritea e Art. 278, 278,1 me 282 o te Code o Hātepe Kirimina.

Ko reira taa'eraa e te whakamāramatanga o te pātai ārahi i roto i te ture Russian kore rai ano ki waho. I roto i te mahi fakaefakamaau me te tuhinga motuhake i reira he formulations rerekē o tenei ariā. E whakaatu ana Tātaritanga o te mahi ture e reira e kia kore pātai, e whakatau i te whakatau tohunga ranei faahiti tali ki ngā pātai mua. Ko te kupu he mea e tika ana ki te wehewehe i waenganui i ngā pātai ārahi mā te haamaramaramaraa.

I runga i te katoa, nga whakaritenga whānui mō te waihanga o ngā pātai e whai ake:

• kia waiho ratou poto, me te mārama, kahore tetahi rangirua;
• kia ui pātai tika, kaua ki te autaki;
• kia amo i ratou he whakahoki ngā;
• kia hāngai kupu o te pātai ki te taumata o te kaikorero;
• e kore e kia hāngai whakautu i runga i ngā whakapae.

te mau parau tumu General o te rōia uiui

He tika katoa rōia pātai ui ki te mahi i runga i te faaineineraa ki te whakarato i te pānga e hiahiatia ana i runga i te marae.

I roto i te tamataraa, e kore te mea e tika ana ki te whakamahi i ngā motuhake. kia karo hoki kaiwhakaatu karangatia me tohunga kupu tino hangarau ki i a ratou mārama tohu ki te marae, me te tekau.

Me mahi i te tauākī tino nui i te timatanga otinga ranei o mahi whakaora.

Ki te i roto i te akoranga o te ripeka-whakamātautau i te rōia i reira ko te hiahia ki te ui i te kaiwhakaatu he pātai, kua kua oti hanga i runga i te whakamātautau tika, me tuatahi rapu ia whakaaetanga i te kaiwhakawa faatere.

I roto i te uiui, ka taea e te rōia ui anake pātai engari e kore e ki te kōrero arotake ranei te mōhiohio. Ratou whakaaro, me te aromatawai o te kaiwawao e taea te hanga i roto i tona kupu, i runga ki te para. 292 Code o Hātepe Kirimina.

Ko te raupapa o te whakahaere whakamātautau tika i te whakaaro

Wehewehe ngā āhuatanga o te whakahaere rōia hāngai, me te ripeka-whakamātautau. Ki te hanga tika o whakamātautau tika, kia whai i te marae i te pikitia mārama o te akoranga o ngā.

I roto i tenei take, kia wehe i te rōia te take ki te 4 ngā wāhanga. Te tīmatanga, i reira he tāututanga whakamanatanga o te kaiwhakaatu i te tohunga ranei, ranei, e ko, whakaturia ana mōhiohio whaiaro (wahi o te noho, wahi o te mahi, tohu ngaio).

Na ka ui te rōia pātai ki te whakatau i te wahi o te mahi, te wa me te akoranga o ngā, e whakaatu. heheu te kaikorero urupare tona mōhiotanga me te mātau. Ko te mahi o te ture - Me whakarite te tika o te te marae kaiwhakaatu me te tekau.

I tua atu i reira he tohu o te raupapa o ngā. e kore e tonu ratou i roto i te raupapa wā. te meka tino nui mō te nui oko whakapono mau ki te timatanga ranei mutunga o te whakaaturanga.

Heoi, whakaoti ratou te whakamātautau tika toru ranei wha pātai, whakarāpopoto i te whakaaturanga katoa o te kaiwhakaatu tohunga ranei.

Ko te hiahia mo te ripeka-whakamātautau

Ki te whakaaro ki ripeka-whakamātautau i roto i te marae, he rōia i roto i te wahi tuatahi ko reira e tika ana ki te whakaaro ranei te hiahiatia reira i te katoa.

Ki te i iti whakaaturanga kaiwhakaatu, a kihai i kino nga ngākau nuitanga o te hē i ripeka-whakamātautau kia whiua. I roto i taua take, anake kia taunakitanga hou pōhara kē te āhuatanga.

he tika Cross-whakamātautau anake, ki te taea te kaiwhakaatu whakarato atu mōhiohio nui. A, no te vai te pea e pai mahi i te taunakitanga atu pai atu i te kino.

Ara ki te whakatutuki i ngā take ripeka-whakamātautau

Hei tukituki te pono o te marae ki te kaiwhakaatu tohunga ranei, ka taea e te rōia te whakamahi i te ara e whai ake nei:

• kitea i roto i te whakaaturanga o te faarahiraa distortion ranei, ka whakateka, i ētahi atu taunakitanga i roto i te take;
• kia marae ki te feaa i te tapatahi o te kaiwhakaatu, ngā tohu ngaio o te tohunga;
• whakaatu i te ngoikore kore o arorau o te meka hoatu i roto i te whakaaturanga ranei;
• toia te marae ki te fifili ranei taea ki te whakarato i taunakitanga whāinga i runga i ngā meka e hāngai ana te kaiwhakaatu he;
• whakaatu e kore i whai rawaka taunakitanga me ngā rauemi mō te hanga tata te tohunga.

Methods o te whakahaere i te ripeka-whakamātautau

kua tahuri mahi Western whānui i roto i maha tikanga o ripeka-whakamātautau. Tenei ko etahi o ratou:

• Hei tawai fakamamafa'i rōia o te kaiwhakaatu e kore i taea e te kaikorero rongo me te kite i te aha tohu i roto i te whakaaturanga. Hei tauira, ko tawhiti rawa atu i te wahi o nga ngā ia, kihai i ranea te rama, i te ara i reira he mau fifi, a na i runga i. D.
• Ko tētahi atu tikanga - arotahi kaiwhakaatu ki kōrero iti me haamana'oraa i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaatu pehea hanga te maha ngā mahi hei kaiwhakaatu i roto i te wa poto i te wa o te ngā whakaahuatia. Ko te whakaaro o ngā pātai - ki te kawe i te marae mutu i taea ki te mahara kōrero matua mo te iti te wa i te kaiwhakaatu. Hei tauira, he patunga pahua i roto i te taonga kihai i whai wa ki te whakaaro mata o te patu, pera i tenei wa whakahaua tona mata i i nga patu, kakahu taonga ranei.
• Ki te i whakaahuatia te āhuatanga i mua, ka taea e te rōia ui te whakaaturanga, kia rite ki te wahi o te wa, iwi te tikanga e taea e kore mahara rite te wahi, ka me ki nei ratou kua, ki te kore e whakaaro reira he hui faahiahia (marena, huritau).
• I te tahi taime e taea te rōia tākaro i runga i te meka e he rītaha hiahia i roto i te tukanga hua ranei te kaiwhakaatu.
• Ki te i te whakamātautau e whakaatu te kaiwhakaatu e rerekē i te hunga i hoatu e ia i roto i te tūhuratanga tuatahi, kia karanga te rōia ki te pātai ratou iri.

Te Kaunihera Bar

Classic F. L. Vellman i tona pukapuka homai te tohutohu e whai ake nei ki te ture ki te whakahaere i te ripeka-whakamātautau:

• āta mau te ahunga whakamua o te whakamātautau hāngai, me te titiro hoki "paruparu" i roto i te iteraa papu o te tangata e ui;
• ki te tohu koe i roto i te wahi o te tekau wa katoa ui te pātai kei te ki te titiro i te āhuatanga i roto i o ratou kanohi;
• tono pātai anake mo te whakaaro motuhake, ki te karo i ngā pātai kau, no te mea ka ui te pātai awkwardly kino atu ngaro;
• e kore whakapeaua nga kupu o te kaiwhakaatu - whakaiti reira te pono o te rōia i roto i nga kanohi o te marae, me te tekau;
• e kore arotahi ki runga i maioro iti i roto i te whakaaturanga o te kaiwhakaatu e taea whakaatu ki te oaoa o te ui ranei mahara kino;
• e kore ui pātai nui, kahore oneone mua-mateuteu ki te hoatu i mua i te meka o te kaikorero kore i taea whakakahore reira;
• ui anake te pātai ko te mea e matau te rōia ia te whakahoki.

Ko te kupu, ko te whakamahi mohio o te ripeka-whakamātautau e taea e te rōia taputapu whakatakotoria i roto i te kōti.