Ko te T-80U ki te pūkaha hau mīhini huri hiko: me he ngā wahie

Reira na tupu e tata katoa o te MBT (waka tauā whawhai matua) o te ao i te pūkaha diesel. E anake rua okotahi: te T-80U me "Abrams". He aha whakaaro arahina e tohunga Soviet, te hanga i te rongonui "vosmidesyatki", me aha he nga opuaraa o tenei mīhini inaianei?

Pehea te reira katoa i timata?

Hoki te wā tuatahi tukua te motu T-80U i roto i 1976, a i te tau 1980 tana "Abrams" hanga nga Ameliká. Mohoa noa nei, Russia anake me te United States e patu ki te tāke o te mana i te tipu hau mīhini huri hiko. e kore e tangohia e Ukraine ki pūkete, no te mea i reira e anake patu ki T-80UD, te putanga diesel o te rongonui "vosmidesyatok".

tīmata te reira i katoa i roto i te 1932, ka whakaritea te tari hoahoa no Kirov wheketere i roto i te USSR. I I whanau te reira i roto i ona whekau te whakaaro o te hanga i te tank faufaa hou rawa ki te kaha te tipu hau mīhini huri hiko. Ko reira i tei tenei whakatau i runga i te aha te huru o te wahie tank T-80U ka whakamahia i roto i te heke mai: te diesel tikanga karahīni ranei.

Ko te kaihoahoa rongonui zh. Ya. Kotin, e mahi i runga i te tahora pāharakeke ISov, i tetahi wa whakaaro e pā ana ki te hanga i te waka patu atu kaha, me te pai. He aha ka tahuri ia tona aro ki te pūkaha hau mīhini huri hiko? Ko te take i te tikanga ia ki te waihanga i te tank taimaha i te whānuitanga o 55-60 taranata mo te nekeneke noa o taua hiahiatia kaha nekeneke o kahore iti iho i te 1,000 rita. he. I roto i aua tau o taua engines diesel taea anake moemoea. Ko te aha, a ka i te whakaaro o infusing rererangi me te pahi hangarau (arā SDT) i roto i te tank.

Kua i 1955, ka anga te mahi, i hanga e rua ngā tauira matatau. Otiia ka reira mārama e nga Engineers o te tipu Kirov, i mua i te hanga engines mō kaipuke anake, kihai i tino matau te mahi hangarau. I poroa te mahi, a ka tino mutu, rite N. S. Hruschev rawa "wiria ake" te whanaketanga katoa o tāke taimaha. Na i taua wa puta ki te T-80U, te pūkaha o te mea ahurei, kihai i auraa reira ki te kia.

Heoi, e muru noa Nikita Sergeyevich, i roto i tenei take e kore te mea e tika: Kua whakarara ki reira kua whakaatu me engines diesel heke mai, ki nei whakautu titiro maloobeschayusche GTD rawa masivesivá. He aha ahau e taea e te mea, ki te te "rēhita" i roto i te tank production, tenei pūkaha taea anake ki nga 80 o te rau tau whakamutunga, a tae noa tenei ra wae taua mana i roto i te huru hōia maha e kore he tino kanapa. Me kï reira e e reira he take tino whāinga.

tonu

Ko nga mea katoa ke i muri i te hanganga o MBT tuatahi o te ao, ka Kojima te T-64. Maoro, ua ite te kaihoahoa e taea te hanga te atu tino te tank i runga i taua mea ... Otiia ko te uaua hoatu nga whakaritenga pākaha mua i te faatereraa i te whenua o: kia waiho i ta uouangataha ki te mihini ngā, e kore nui ratou rahi, engari kia taea i te wa taua ki te kia whakamahia rite te tikanga ki "tupekepeke te Ingarihi Channel."

Na ka faahaamana'o katoa i runga i ano o te SDT, rite te powerplant taketake T-64 i kua kaha ōrite ngā whakaritenga wā. Ko reira ka whakaritea e Ustinov ki te hanga i tētahi T-80U. Ko te wahie matua me te pūkaha o te tank hou i ki whakatairanga i te reira rite te āhuatanga tiketike-tere.

tūpono te uauatanga

He raruraru nui i e te powerplant hou ki horoi rangi e hiahiatia ana ki te te hopoia ki te hāngai paerewa MTO T-64A. Ano, e hiahiatia ana te Kōmihana i te pūnaha poraka: i roto i te kupu atu, i te pūkaha ki te kia meatia kia e taea te nekehia atu te reira katoa, ka whakakapia ki te hou i raro i te hanga. Te kore moni, o te akoranga, he rota o te wā ki runga i te reira. A, ki te ko ngā ohie he āhua kiato GTE reira, tukua nga Engineers pūnaha rangi horoi te rota o pāhoahoa.

Ko te tino nui tenei pūnaha, ara mo te tank diesel, e kore ki te whakahua i tona orotahi hau mīhini huri hiko i runga i T-80U. Ko nga mea katoa ahua o te wahie whakamahia, te uruuru para tipu me te tīngongo tonu paninga ki te te rangi tomo te ruma ngingiha ka kore e āta horoia o poke poke i te reira.

Kia mahara te reira e rapu kaihoahoa engine katoa ki te whakarite i kua i te rangi tomo te ipurau mahi i te ruma mīhini huri hiko ranei kua horoia i te puehu i te 100%. A e ngāwari ki matau ratou, kia rite ki te puehu mooni pau nga whekau o te pūkaha. I roto i te meka, mahi reira rite te pepa pai.

Momo

I roto i te 1963, i hanga te kati Morozov tauira o te T-64T, i tāutatia pūkaha hau mīhini huri hiko ki te kaha tano o 700 rita. he. Kua i roto i 1964, i hanga kaihoahoa i Tagil, mahi i raro i te arata'iraa o ln Kartseva te pūkaha nui atu whakamua-titiro, e taea e kua tukuna 800 "hoiho".

Ko te kaihoahoa, i Kharkov, a i roto i Nizhny Tagil, fehangahangai ki te huinga matatini o raruraru hangarau, no te mea o nei nga waka tauā Russian tuatahi ki engine hau mīhini huri hiko taea puta noa i roto i te 80. Nāwai kua riro engine tino pai anake te T-80U. Fuel whakamahia hoki tona supply kariri hoki, whakataurite pai ki te pūkaha i te tīmatanga o nga Momo, rite taea te tank whakamahi momo katoa o te wahie diesel tikanga.

E kore e matou aitua peita puehu i runga āhuatanga, mai te mea te reira te raruraru o te purenga rangi kounga kua riro te uaua tino. Ko te Engineers i he wheako nui i roto i te whanaketanga o kapohau mo waka topatopa, engines ... engari whakahaere tonu topatopa, a kihai te pātai o te parahanga rangi efua i te teitei o ratou mahi i tu i te katoa. I roto i te whānui, i haere tonu te mahi (oddly nui) anake ki te take o Khrushchev, Breda pere tank.

Ko te "taea" te nuinga ko te kaupapa o "Dragon." Hoki ko reira faufaa ki te pūkaha mana-tiketike.

ahanoa whakamātautau

I roto i te whānui, ehara i te mea maere e kore i te reira rite nui mo taua mihini kua nui haere nekeneke, compactness me te silhouette iti. I roto i te 1966, ua faaoti te kaihoahoa ki te haere i te tahi atu ara, a te aroaro ki te iwi whānui mō te kaupapa pairati, i kotahi e rua GTD-350 te ngakau o nei, te tuku, i te mea he mea ohie ki te matau, 700 rita. he. tipu Power hanga i roto i te NPO. V. Ya. Klimova, i te taha o taua wa i ngaio ite nui mahi i roto i te whanaketanga o kapohau mō te waka rererangi me te kaipuke. Ratou i a nui, a ka hanga te T-80U, te pūkaha o nei mo tona wa ko te whanaketanga pono ahurei.

Otiia hohoro reira ka mārama e ara kotahi GTD - he me te uaua, me te pai-feliliuaki, me o ratou Purangi noa e kore e whai tino kahore painga mo tikanga ara iahiko kotahi-wahi. A pera i te 1968 kua reira puta he tikanga e pā ana o te Kawanatanga me te USSR Tāhuhu o Defence ki anō te mahi i runga i te whāinga kotahi. E nga waenganui-70 i rite ki te tank ia, e muri ka mohiotia te ao i raro i te ti'araa T-80U.

Āhuatanga matua

Ko te whakaritenga (rite i roto i te take o T-64 me T-72) puāwaitanga, ki muri waka MTO - toru tangata. Rerekē tauira o mua, i konei mehvoda homai tika e toru triplex, e nui whakapiki i aritanga. Waihoki maere mō waka tauā kāinga ahuareka rite wāhi mahi kua oti te tahu, kua reira kua whakaratohia.

Ko te painga e te wera i te mīhini huri hiko mura i nui i roto i. Na e ko te pūkaha hau mīhini huri hiko T-80U tonuhia he tino o taraka, rite waka mahi tikanga i roto i reira nui atu whakamarie, ki te whakarite koe i tenei mīhini ki te T-64/72.

hanga te whare e fehokotakianga, maka te pourewa te, te koki whārangi tokonga ko 68 nekehanga. Ka rite ki ki T-64, e ngā Kua patu tito o patu rino, me uku kua whakamahia. Ngā mihi ki te koki kouma o tokonga ake me te matotoru o te tank T-80U whakarato tūponotanga teitei o kauhoe oranga i raro i nga tikanga mara uaua.

He he ano hoki te pūnaha pai whakawhanakehia-o tiaki o patu whakangaromanga papatipu i te waka, tae atu ki karihi. Ko te tahora o te wehenga whawhai tata rawa e ngákaunuitia ki taua o te T-64B.

wehenga āhuatanga pūkaha

tonu i ki kia tūnga ōna i roto i te MTO GTE, i hua aunoa i te hua iti i roto i te rahi o te mīhini he mea whakarite ki te T-64 kaihoahoa. hangaia TBG te rite te monoblock taimaha 1050 kg. Ko tōna āhuatanga ko te aroaro o te taputapu ngā, taea ki a koe te tango i te taea mōrahi i te pūkaha, me te rua noa gearboxes.

Ki te homai whakamahia i roto i te waka tauā e wha tonu MTO rōrahi katoa ko te 1140 rita. Me kï reira e te T-80U hau mīhini huri hiko pūkaha, te wahie mo te i rongoa i roto i taua pukapuka - "kakai", kaua tank e pau 1.5-2 wa atu wahie atu te T-72. Na reira te rahi o te tāke tēnā.

hanga GTD-1000T te whakamahi i te kaupapa e toru-take e tetahi me rua wae mīhini huri hiko compressor motuhake. Engineers te whakakake i - te whakatikatikanga whakaminenga pupuha e taea mana maeneene o te hohoko mīhini huri hiko, me te nui ake tona ora ratonga T-80U. He aha te wahie e tūtohu ana ki te kia whakamahia mō te whakawhānui i te mauroa o te wae mana? Ngā ratou mea e te tino pai tino mo tenei whakaaro, wahie jet-kounga tiketike.

Mai Ko te hononga mana i waenganui i te compressor me te mīhini huri hiko noa e kore, ka taea e te tank neke he pakari i runga i te whenua, tae noa ki te kaha te whanau rawa rawakore, a kore e te pūkaha turanga noa, ki te te mutu ohorere o te mīhini. Na te aha "whāngai" T-80U? Fuel mo tona nekeneke kia rerekē ...

tāutanga mīhini huri hiko

Ko te painga matua o te wahie pūkaha hau mīhini huri hiko kāinga ko tona omnivorous. Ka taea e rere ki runga ki jet wahie, tetahi momo o diesel wahie, tikanga iti-wāwaro penehīni mō ngā waka. Ko! T-80U, wahie nei kia whai anake flowability Erangi, ano he tino rauangi ki "kore raihana" combustible. Refilling kore kora e wātea ana anake i roto i ngā āhuatanga whawhai tūtohu, mai e faatupu i te whakaiti nui o te ora pūkaha me te mīhini huri hiko matatahi.

Tīmata i te pūkaha i te utu o te whakatairanga o compressors, e he kawenga mō te pūkaha hiko e rua whaiaro-roto. Ko te waitohu acoustic o te tank T-80U tino raro atu i ona hoa hinuheu e rua e tika ana ki te tino āhuatanga o te mīhini huri hiko, me i te pūnaha whakapau te whakaritea. I tua atu, he ahurei i roto i taua i te mīhini, ka Braking whakamahia te rite te frein waipēhi me te pūkaha ano, ai mutu i te tank taimaha te tata tonu.

Kia pehea te meatia tenei te? Ko te meka ko e ka aki te teka wahia kotahi te timata i te matatahi mīhini huri hiko ki takahuri i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga. homai ana tēnei tukanga te pikaunga nui i runga i te rauemi o te matatahi, me te mīhini huri hiko ake, engari no te mea kei te whakahaeretia te reira rorohiko. No te mea o tenei, ka braking ohorere kia tonu utaplivat takahi rawa. I roto i te mahi ngā tonu frein waipēhi.

Ko te tahi atu huru maitatai o te tank, te mea he āhua iti wahie "hiahia". Hei whakatutuki i whakahaere tenei te kaihoahoa ki kahore kotahi. tahuri ki te whakaiti i te nui o te wahie pau, whakaturia nga Engineers i ake aunoa i te pūnaha mana mīhini huri hiko (XUAR). Kei roto te reira i pūoko pāmahana me pūmana, me whakakā, te pae tino hono ki te pūnaha wahie supply.

Nā SAUR kakahu matatahi whakahaere ki te whakaiti i te iti rawa 10%, me ki te mahi mātau o te teka wahia me te taputapu nuku taea te taraiwa whakaiti kohi wahie e 5-7%. E te ara, a he aha hoki tenei tank wahie matua? T-80U i roto i ngā āhuatanga pai kia refueled rererangi karahīni, engari te hinu diesel pai, me te kounga.

pūnaha Air purenga

I whakamahia saikolone rangi para, whakarato 97% tango o te puehu i te rangi ngote me ētahi atu mea ke. E te ara, te "Abrams" (e tika ana ki te purenga rua-taahiraa noa), he tata ki te 100% tenei ahua. Ko reira hoki tenei take wahie tank T-80U - te kaupapa o te manawanui, kia rite ki te pau reira nui atu ka whakaritea ki te tank o tona tāwhai American.

Ko te toe 3% o te puehu takoto i runga i te matatahi mīhini huri hiko i roto i te puka o te para coagulated. Hei tango i te reira, kua whakaratohia kaihoahoa te wiri hōtaka horoi aunoa. Me kï reira e taea te hono te kokorutanga rangi ki te taputapu motuhake mō te taraiwa raro. āhei te reira ki a koe hinga i te awa ki te hohonu o e rima mita.

tank paerewa tuku - Mechanical, momo planetary. Kei roto te reira i rua pouaka, e rua gearboxes, e rua puku waipēhi. E wha tere mua me kotahi hoki. awa Track, rapa-pani. hoki i Track he ā- ara rapa. No te mea o tenei, te T-80U he huriaro rawa utu.

kawea Tensioning te i e te kutukutu-momo tikanga. Whakatārewatanga pahekotanga, kua tito ai o rua nga tutaki torsion me absorbers ru waipēhi i runga i toru Rinks.

āhuatanga o ringa

He rite ki te 125 mm tauira pū 2A46M-1, ërä - Main taputapu. Tofu i whakanohoia te taua pu i roto i te waka tauā T-64/72, me te kore kaipahua tank unknown "wheke".

Kaingārahu, (pera i roto i te T-64) i tino pūmau i roto i te rua rererangi. mea taraka mātanga e te whānuitanga o te pere tika i runga i te whāinga e ngā kitea taea tae 2100 paerewa m kariri :. High-taikaha, a wehea projectiles ahuahu-tiaki. He autoloader i roto i te kotahi wā e taea e ki runga ki te 28 matā, me te maha e taea te kei i roto i te wehenga whawhai.

patu Ngaahi Houalotú he pū mīhini 12.7-mm "minuti", engari kua roa hoatu nga Ukrainians tetahi patu rite, arotahi i runga i ngā whakaritenga o te kiritaki. drawback nui ko te pū mīhini e kopere i roto o reira e taea anake e te rangatira tank, a ia i roto i tetahi take he mea e tika ana mo taua ki te waiho i te mīhini zabronevoe wāhi. Mai te tuatahi 12.7 mm matā ballistics tino rite ki taua o te tītere, kei te zeroing ano te pū whakaaro nui tāuru o te pu matua, kahore kaha.

boeukladki

whakairi mōkihi whawhai mīhini i te taha o kaihoahoa a tawhio noa te paenga o te rōrahi turanga o te tank. Mai te wahi nui o te katoa MSW T-80 tāke mau wahie, i akina atu nga kaihoahoa mo te whakaaro ki o te rōrahi ki te tuu i te anga whakapae anake, mea he propellants i roto i te pahū tika. Ko reira tino kitea rerekētanga "vosmidesyatok" i T-64/72, i roto i nei te projectiles tiaki aranga ki whakaritea whakapae i runga i awa taumata.

Ko te parau tumu o te mahi o te taputapu matua me te Loader

I te taenga o te pahū whakahau tika tīmata ki te takahuri, te wā kotahi Whakarāpopoto te momo i tīpakohia o tītere ki te utanga rererangi. I muri iho, e kiia te huarahi, a ka kia tonoa he tiaki aranga anga ki te mea mā te whakamahi i te pūmau kotahi ira uta tokotoko. I muri i te ringaringa pere e riro aunoa i te tikanga motuhake, me te whakanohoia i roto i te pūtau pahū wātea.

whakarite "carousel" utanga o te auau pupuhi o kahore iti iho i te ono ki te waru rauna ia meneti. Ki te kore te utanga aunoa, ka taea e koe ako atu ā te pū, ko te taraka whakapono he whanaketanga taua ainei (ohipa teiaha uaua rawa mo te wa roa) ngā. Ko te tank whakamahia tauira titiro TPD 2-49, ahakoa o te pu ähuareka i roto i te manureva poutū, e taea ana ki te whakatau i te tawhiti, a piri ana ki te ūnga i tawhiti 1000-4000 m.

ētahi whakarerekētanga

I roto i 1978, i te tank T-80U ki te pūkaha hau mīhini huri hiko kua ahua hou. Ko te auaha matua ko te pūnaha ahua 9K112-1 pere "Cobra", te shooting o e hua missiles 9M112. Ko te pere i taea patua ūnga Armoured i te tawhiti o te 4 km, a ko tenei tūponotanga 0.8 ki te 1, i runga i nga āhuatanga whenua, me te kaupapa ūnga tere rānei.

Mai tuaruatia te pere rahi paerewa tītere 125-mm, e taea te tū te reira i roto i tetahi tikanga paepae Loader. Tenei pa e "kiia ake" anake ki waka Armoured, anake te warhead tāpiripiri. Ka rite ki ngā pere mua tākirirangi te hanganga o rua nga wahi, e huinga puta ka te pepa utanga paerewa tikanga. Kei te piri te reira i roto i te aratau āhua-aunoa: me mau nga hēkona tuatahi o te hōia pū te anga hopu i runga i te whāinga ūnga.

Arata'iraa ranei optical, ranei tohu irirangi arotahi. Hei whakanui i te tupono o te patu i te ūnga, ka taea e te hōia pū tīpako tetahi o toru aratau o missiles rere, e arotahi ana ki te āhuatanga hōia me te whenua a tawhio noa. whakaaturia Experience kua e ko reira whai hua, ka whawhai waka Armoured tiakina e te pūnaha counter kaha.