Ko te ture tuatahi. Sudebnik Ivan 4

Tsar Ivan IV o, te whakakotahi i te iwi mateaki, i hanga te kāwanatanga hou. I huaina te reira "tīpakohia pai." Hei wāhanga o tenei kāwanatanga i reira ko te tahi mau boyars me rangatira Moscow koroheke, e whakaatu te anaanatae i roto i te ara o Moscow.

Ngohe "whiriwhiri hari"

hāngai ana te kaupapa here kāwanatanga hou i te tuatahi i te whakakotahitanga o ngā te kāwanatanga, te huarahi whakataunga o ngā ngākau nuitanga o te boyars, nga minita, me te rangatira. I te timatanga o 1549 i roto i te Kremlin Palace, kawea tahi māngai o te akomanga o runga o te hapori. I te "Cathedral o te houhanga rongo" hanga te kingi he kupu mo te hāmene ki te boyars. ka mea a Ivan IV e memeha nga māngai o te akomanga o runga ratou tūranga, ka tohe ratou ki te whakakotahi ratou mau tautooraa i roto i te haapuairaa i Russia. I oti rawa te hui e whai ake nei ki te take nui o te kāwanatanga. I roto i Russia i taua wa i hanga te puka hawhekaihe-māngai o te arikitanga.

Sudebnik Ivan 4

ka tēnei tuhinga he pou ki te ture Russian, te tuatahi i roto i te hītori o Russia mahi ture normative. Ivan 4 o ture i tangohia i te tuatahi Zemsky Sobor i 1549. E rua tau i muri mai, i roto i te 1551-m, whakaaetia he tuhinga Stoglavy Cathedral, huihui i runga i te kaupapa o te kingi. mahi Ture i, i roto i te whānui, takotoranga pro-kāwanatanga. Adoption Sudebnik Ivan 4 ngā te whakakorenga o etahi haamaitairaa o nga rangatira, me te whakapakari i te tūranga o te mana ture pokapū o te kāwanatanga. Kua te tuhinga kua kohia rau tuhinga.

Sudebnik Ivan 4. Ihirangi: Tepe mana rohe

Ngohe volosteley me nga kawana i hoatu i roto i te tetahi he anga: te take "kaipahua pononga" i whakawhitia ki te kaumatua labial. Mai i te ripeneta fakalahi te rohe e mua anake whakamahau te raki vahefonua. ture whakatikaia Sudebnik Ivan 4 te huringa. Volosteli, kawana, me ētahi atu kawana, i whakaritea e te kingi ki te wahi, e kore i taea e mahi ki ngā take i waho te whai wāhitanga o ngā māngai o te taupori. I pōtitia te iwi pai i te kaiahuwhenua hapori, headman me Dvorsky. I tua atu i enei, i roto i ia hapori ko reira ki te hei tona papa'i parau karaka. Tona tohungatanga ngā iwi tāone whakahaere pakihi. Me pēhea te ki te whiua Sudebnik Ivan te 4, kia haere te whakahaere iwi pōtitia i ki te whakahaere i te oati.

whakahounga pāpori

I roto i te tikanga ki te pai te whakakaha i te turanga pāpori o te mana kāwanatanga timata ki te whakawhānui i te tika o te mau melo o te piha haapiiraa mahi. Na, mo te tauira, o hōia whakawhiti Ture Ivan 4 rahuihia i roto i te whakamahia pononga. I tua atu, ko te hiranga piri ki te hononga i waenganui i te ture ti'aturi o kaimahi me feudalists legislatively tāuta Yurev ra. I roto i te tahi mau rave'a, kua tamata i te kāwanatanga ki te whakawhānui i te tika o peasants. E hoatu iwi ririki te whai wāhi ki te whai wāhi i roto i fetu'utaki mo e kakaí, whakahaere whakawā mate. A, no te tenei kawana e kore i taea e hopukina i roto i nga whakahaerenga, ahakoa i mua ia ranei waho te whakaaetanga o te hapori kaiahuwhenua o pōtitia rangatira, kaumatua, me ngā pāparakāuta. homai Sudebnik Ivan 4 takoha korerorero kaiahuwhenua tahora matau, te tikanga o te mātakitaki, whaiaro kāwanatanga-.

whai wāhitanga New mō kaimahi

O Ture whakapumautia te tika o te iwi ti'aturi ki te neke noa. I roto i te tuhinga e regulates tenei tika, kī reira āta e i roto i te tua ki utu mo te "i takirimatia te" me "ruhiruhia" kahore atu mau ohipa. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ki te mahi i te whakawhiti noa ki te kaiahuwhenua he kahore he take ki te mahi i tetahi tātaitanga ki te rangatira, i roto i te tua ki aua painga. E te Ariki, i roto i te tahuri, e kore e tika ki te pupuri te iwi e kua enei mau ohipa e rua utua. Ture rāhuitia faafariuraa takoha o peasants ki mua. tukua te whakawhiti i ara, ki te mea kua kua utua te rangatira o nama katoa mo te ti'aturi.

pūnaha whiu te raupapatanga

Sudebnik Ivan 4 whakarato te honore mema o te o te hapori. Ko te whiu mo te numinumi i ngā rerekētanga. Hoki te tawai utu mahi pāmu i 1 RUPO, tangata tapa - 5, kaihokohoko tuatahi - 50, karaka - 200 boyar - 600. Women ki utua rua atu i nga tangata o te paetukutuku kotahi.

Ko te take, me te taunakitanga

ture manganga i mua i te ture i taea te noho e te Tūkorehu i waenganui i te rōpū tautohetohe. Ko wai i riro i runga i te "mara", koia whakaaro ia ki te riro i te take. Sudebnik tenei ara te whakahaerenga iti te maha o ngā āhuatanga. Na, mo te tauira, e kore kua "te" i waenganui i "toa me te neboytsom". Neke atu i te te tangohia iwi kino, taitamariki kaumātua ranei o muri. kia Okotahi wā ka faaite ia "neboets" hinaaro ki whai wāhi i roto i te mara. whakaaetia hoki ki te unga i tona wahi i roto i te whawhai, "kaimahi." Me mea te reira e taea te whakarite i te "mara" o Sudebnik kore anake ki te whakatau i te tautohe, engari ano hoki ki te whakatau i te iri o te whakaaturanga o kaiwhakaatu.