Ko te whakairo "Worker me Collective Farm Girl". Ko te kaituhi o te pou

I roto i 2014, te tau 125 o te whanautanga o te toi nui Soviet Vera Mukhina. Tona ingoa mohiotia te ki te tangata katoa e noho ana i roto i te mua Soviet Union, no te mea kei te tühonohono te reira ki te mahi rahi o te kaitoi - he hanganga whakairo "Worker me Collective Farm Girl".

Haurongo o Vera Mukhina

whanau Ignatyevna i roto i 1889 ki te whānau kaihokohoko rawa. ngaro ia ona matua wawe rawa a ka kawea ki runga i ngā kaitiaki. Ki te whakapono tamarikitanga taa ê tuutuu ore, me te kaha i. Tona riri mō te peita āta tipu ki te mahi, i ako ia mo te rua tau i roto i Paris i te Academy Grand Chaumiere. Kaiako wahine i te rongonui toi Bourdelle. Na ka oho Mukhina ki Itari, te wahi ako ia peita me te whakairo o te wā Renaissance.

I roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, mahi Mukhina rite he o nēhi i roto i te fare ma'i. He puta ano tona hui tuatahi ki te tākuta Alekseem Andreevichem te Castle, me nei i marena ia hohoro. mau utuafare takenga Non-proletarian maha hopohopo ki te oraraa o to'na mau melo. Rere wahi kaha i roto i te huringa pāhoro o te whenua kitea i roto i te whakairo. Rere Heroes mana rerekē, me te kaha faufaa.

mahi Ignatyevna rota, me te pakeke katoa tona ora. Ka ngaro tana tane i roto i te tau 1942, ia tangi hoki te mate. tukua e hawata ana Heart Fly ki ora te iti ake atu i te kotahi tekau nga tau i muri i mahue tana tane. I roto i te 1953, ka mate ia, e kore he he wahine tawhito - ko ia 64 tau.

Pehea ka anga te reira katoa

Hoki ratou ora kanapa, me te taonga i hanga Vera Mukhina he maha o mahi o toi, tae atu ki ngā kōwaiwai, ngā, glassware. Kia aroha mai, te nuinga o te mahi tonu unknown whānui o faahinaaro tona taranata o ngā. Main hanga Mukhina ora, whakamoemiti ia mo nga tau maha - te reira whakairo "Worker me Collective Farm Girl". Ignatyevna huaina ana e ia tona hanganga "Worker me kaiahuwhenua". I roto i te Great hanga toi Soviet Encyclopedia tāutuhia rite "paerewa o talena hapori."

I roto i te 1936, i riro i te kāwanatanga Soviet i France he fakaafe ki te tango i tetahi wahi i roto i Fair te Paris Ao o. Ko te kaupapa e pā ana nui-tauine hui, o "Art me te hangarau i roto i te ora hou."

tino nui ko te Soviet Union kore anake ki te whai wāhi i roto i te whakaaturanga, i te mea faufaa rahi te ao o, e hiahiatia ana te whenua ki te riro i te whakataetae i tetahi utu. tu te ao i runga i te pareparenga o te Tama'i II o te Ao, me te whakataetae i roto i te mara o te whakatutukitanga hangarau i roto i te meka auraa i te uaua pūnaha whawhai e rua tōrangapū ao. Ko te whakataetae matua o te USSR mo te taitara, ko Itari me Germany.

Toa whakaaro whakairo "Worker me Collective Farm Girl"

mahi kāwanatanga Soviet i kore noa ki te waihanga i tētahi hangarau, me te nui hoahoanga, engari ano hoki i roto i nga ara taea ki te haapapu tona takotoranga wä. I roto i runga ki te whakaaturanga wā roa-a te whenua whai wāhi kia utu ake nga ture o to ratou ake teneti i roto i te kāhua motu. tikanga te hukihuki Soviet i ki te whakaatu i te ao te painga i o te pūnaha ōhanga motu.

I roto i te faaarahia mai whakataetae mo te hoahoa o te teneti i tae i tokomaha whare tairanga, ka huihuinga kaihanga o te wa. riro Boris lofan, te hanga i tētahi kaupapa i roto i te kāhua puāwaitanga, te wahi pokapū o nei nohoia e te whakairo. whakaaetia High Commission te whakaaro i roto i te whānui, engari kapea e te pou. e whai ake nei tonu te whakataetae, i roto i nei patua i tū Vera Mukhina.

riro te kaituhi o te pou "Worker me Collective Farm Girl" te whakaaro o te tauine kōmihana one whakairo he marama, me te hāngai i mua. ngā Simple āhuatanga kanohi toa tohu te aro o tona tamarikitanga, me te wairuatanga, a tohu poipoia kameta te kaupapa tere ki te heke mai te anaanaraa. Kake ki runga i te matenga o te hama me toronaihi tohu te kotahitanga o nga kaimahi, me kaimahi ngā.

Ngā wāhanga o te hanganga o te pou - wero me ngā whakatutukitanga

Na ko reira ki te hanga i tere hanganga i roto i tona rahi pono. Ko te whakairo "Worker me Collective Farm Girl" i whakaaro o te kaituhi ko tiketike ammonite - 25 mita. Hei kawe i i hoatu mahi nui marama e ono anake.

tikanga te rahi nui o te pou i kore anake ki kukume te aro o te uara i ia ki te whiti i runga i Paris. Ka rite ki te pūtake mo te hanganga o te whakairo titiro i te parahi parahi ranei. Kei te āhuatanga e solidity me whakaaro rangatira ēnei konganuku. Otiia kihai ratou i whakarato i te radiation whakaritea, no te mea horomia te marama te. Na reira faaoti toi tohu "Haumaru me Kolhoz" Vera Muhina ki hanga i te tohu o te whārangi tira.

Tuatahi, te patuki tahi hanga te hanganga o nga poraka rakau tukinotia mata taputapu kāmura , ka tutuki he whakapati nui. Na ka whakatakotoria ki runga i te tihi o nga turanga rakau thinnest whārangi maitai, tona matotoru e kore nui ake i te mirimita. Ko te anga maitai tuarua ana te pokepokea ai rakau. I roto i te mosaic maitai puritia tahi i te tikanga o mekameka.

Te komiti whiriwhiri, ahu e te feia faatere o te Soviet tautoko te pou oti. I roto i te hanganga wā i muri i "Worker me Collective Farm Girl" ki te haere ki Paris. Hoki te māmā o te waka i wehea te tohu ki ono tekau-rima nga wahi, ka rumakina i roto i te pereoo auahi. Ko te katoa taimaha o te hanganga 75 taranata, o nei i homai 12 anake taranata ki te casing maitai. Hoki transportation o te pou, taputapu me ngā pūrere hutia ano i whai wāhi e toru waka tatini utanga.

arotake rave Parisians

I roto i te hariata, kāore, i reira i kahore whara. I roto i te mahi tāutanga hohoro to'o kohakore, engari tino i te wa i whakaritea, Mei 25, 1937, ka anga ki te whiti i roto i te rangi Paris te pou "Worker me Collective Farm Girl". Whakaahuareka Parisians me exhibitors reira ko kahore he rohe.

miharo hanganga Steel i te ataahua me te kororia, koroirangi i roto i te ra ki katoa o ngā tae. Kei te Eiffel Tower te i roto i te takiwā tonu o te whakairo Soviet, ngaro tona hanahana me te tono.

I whakawhiwhia tohu Soviet he mētara koura - te Prix Grand. Ko te hua tutuki taea e whakakake o Vera Mukhina - he toi Soviet ataahua, me te pūmanawa. kotahi whiwhi "Worker me Collective Farm Girl" i roto i te kanohi o te mana o te tohu kāwanatanga Soviet ao.

I te mutunga o te whakaaturanga, i karangatia te tuku Soviet i te taha French ki te hoko i te whakairo. Te ārahitanga o te USSR, o te akoranga, kihai.

Hea ki te whakaturia te tohu Soviet rongonui

Ko te whakairo rōpū "Worker me Collective Farm Girl" hoki humarie ki tona whenua, a ka hohoro tāuta i to ratou wahi tūturu o te noho - i roto i te mua o tetahi o nga tomokanga ki te Centre Whakaaturanga (Exhibition o tutuki Economic). I teie mahana no tenei rohe ki te VVC (katoa Russian Exhibition Center), tetahi o te tino tae mai e maha e noho ana, me manuhiri o nga wahi Moscow.

Ko te kaituhi o te pou "te Worker me te Farm tai Collective" kore Vera Mukhina whakaaetia te pae tāutanga. A i te tiketike o te whakairo i raro e tika ana ki te meka i ko te turanga e toru nga wa iti i roto i te rahi. Vera Ignatyevna roa rite te rohe o te pere i runga i te awa o Moscow, te wahi tu inaianei te mahi tuatahi a Pita Tsereteli. fokotu'u ia ko mātakitaki tūāpapa i runga i Sparrow Hills. Heoi, ki a ia whakaaro kihai i whakarongo

"Kaimahi me te ngā Farm Girl" - he tohu o te wā Soviet ao-rongonui

Mai kua riro te whakaaturanga Paris o whakairo he āhuatanga motu o te kāwanatanga Soviet, tāruaruatia katoa i runga i te ao i roto i te puka o ngā pane kuini, kāri, whakamaharatanga moni, pukapuka ki reproductions. puta Image tohu rongonui i roto i te puka o te maha taonga, a Apisaí tona rongonui anake i matryoshka Russian. A mai 1947 whakamahia te kiriata studio "Mosfilm" i i roto i ona cutscenes rongonui whakairo "Worker me ngā Farm Girl" a ko te kupu whakapumautia iho rite te tohu o te whenua Soviet.

Vera Mukhina - he ariki e mōhiotia ana o auahatanga whakairo

I roto i te mauruuru ki te kāwanatanga Soviet whakawhiwhia te Stalin paraihe Vera Mukhina. I tua atu, i reira nga he maha o ngā tohu, me te ngā painga kāwanatanga, e riro rongo toi wahine. hanga "Worker me Collective Farm Girl" reira taea Mukhina oaoa i haere noa oti i roto i ngā mahi auaha. Ko, kāore te uri o te toi rongonui tonu i roto i te mahara anake rite te kaituhi o anake te pou.

I roto i te whare taonga Vera Mukhina o, kei i te turanga o te turanga o te whakairo rongonui, ko te huinga o ngā whakaahua pakipūmeka, ngā rerenga kōrero, e whakaatu ana e Ignatyevna nui hua mahi. tuhituhi ia te pikitia, hanga kaupapa whakairo, me te hanganga o te karaihe. I roto i te whare taonga ko te rota o te tauira tuatahi o te pou, kihai i kaha ki te kawe ki te ora i te toi wahine rongonui nei. "Worker me Collective Farm Girl" - e kore e he anake te tohu mahi Mukhina i Moscow.

atu fakatupu Vera Mukhina o

Ringa o te kaihanga pūmanawa i whakatūria he tohu ki Tchaikovsky, kei roto i mua o te Moscow Conservatory, a Maksimu Gorkomu i te Belorussky Railway Station. no te kaituhi ki te hanganga "Pūtaiao" whakairo, "taro", "Fertility".

ka mau a Vera Mukhina he wahi kaha i roto i te mahi o nga rōpū whakairo kei runga i te piriti Moskva. Hoki tona mahi Ignatyevna tohu kāwanatanga toutou whakawhiwhia, te teitei tohu Soviet, i pōtitia ia he mema o te Presidium o te USSR Academy o Toi.

Āpiti atu ki te mahi o Vera Mukhina rave i roto i ngā mahi whakaako. I muri mai ka ia mātātoa te mahi i te tipu Leningrad, te hanga i te hanganga o te karaihe, me te porcelain rite te kaituhi. riro "Kaimahi me te ngā Girl Farm" mo maha nga tau o tu i roto i tuwhera te rangi kino nui.

Ko te fanauraa o te tohu

I te 2003 ka whakaritea e te reira ki te waihanga anō i te whakairo rongonui. I te wāwāhitanga i te tohu, me te te wehea mo te haratau ki maha whatiwhatinga. roa Fakafoki mahi hoki e pā ana ki te ono tau. Kua te hanganga anga i roto i whakakaha, ka purea maitai waihanga o poke, ka tukatuka matū tiaki ahei ki te whakawhānui i te mahi o te pou. tāuta whakairo whakahoutia i runga i te turanga teitei hou i roto i Hakihea 2009. Na, ka rua ki runga ake i te mea i te aroaro o te pou.

I teie mahana, te pou "Worker me Collective Farm Girl" - ko te tohu e kore anake o te wā Soviet, me te hanga lahi o te kaituhi pūmanawa o Vera Mukhina, mohio te ao. Ko te tohu ko te faka'ilonga o Moscow rohe, tae mai nei te tau e mano o ngā tūruhi i katoa i runga i te ao.