Ko te whenua ahumahi tuatahi. whenua ahumahi o te ao i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. Rārangi o whenua hou ahumahi

Kua i te whenua ahumahi i runga i te ōhanga ao mo neke atu i te pānga sino. oho ratou te ahunga whakamua, me te taui te mana o ngā rohe motuhake. Na reira, ko te hītori, me ngā āhuatanga o ēnei whenua tika whakarongo.

He aha kia mohio ki e ahumahi

A, no te whakamahia te wā kei te, e korero tatou e pā ana ki te tukanga ōhanga, te ngako o te mea ki te neke i te agrarian me te mahi ki te hanga mīhini nui. Tenei meka Ko te āhuatanga matua e takoto nga whenua ahumahi o te ao.

Ko utu te tuhituhi i te āhuatanga e whai ake nei te reira i: te taenga atu ano te hanga mīhini tīmata ki te taea i roto i te whenua, haere te whanaketanga ōhanga ki te aratau whānui. Haere i te whenua ngā i roto i te kāwai ahumahi he tika ki te mana o ngā āhuatanga pērā i te whanaketanga o te hangarau, me te pūtaiao ahumahi hou. Ngā He mātātoa enei huringa i roto i te mara o te hanga pūngao me te metallurgy.

I roto i te meka, nga whenua ahumahi ko te hua o te reo matatini o hanganga i roto i te ao o te ture me te kaupapa here. I te wa ano, o te akoranga, e kore waho te hanganga o te turanga rauemi nui, me te kukume i te maha nui o mahi cheap.

Ko te putanga o enei tukanga ko te meka e runga i te tuatahi rängai o te ōhanga (ahuwhenua, ngā rauemi keri) tīmata ki te nuinga i te tuarua (rängai tukatuka rauemi raw). whakatairanga ahumahi whanaketanga o pekanga pūtaiao me ratou whakatinanatanga muri i roto i te wāhanga ahumahi. Tenei i roto i te tahuri taea tino whakanui i te moni o te taupori.

Ko te whenua ahumahi tuatahi

Ki te titiro koe ki te raraunga o mua, he mea ka taea ki te hanga i te mutunga kitea: e ko te United States i te aronga o te kaupapa ahumahi. I roto i te mutunga o te 19 - wawe senituli hono 20, i reira he turanga nui mō te tupu ahumahi hihiri kua whakapumautia, kua whai wāhi nei i roto i te tino mahi. Ko te wāhanga o tenei anga ko te puna nui o ngā rauemi mata, kore o te taputapu tawhitotia, me te pūmanawa mo te haere noa tino o te mahi ohaoha.

Whakaaro i te hītori o te whanaketanga o te production ahumahi, kia tuhia te reira e tangohia e whakapainga sino i roto i tenei rohe wahi i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau. whakakitea ratou i te tupu o te auau o te whanaketanga o te ahumahi taimaha. whai wāhi ana tēnei meka ki hanga te raina pereoo Transcontinental.

he whenua ahumahi pēnei rite te US, e ngā i roto i taua i reira ia nei ko te whenua tuatahi i roto i te ao hītori whanaketanga ōhanga, te rohe o i tuhituhia te meka e whai ake nei: nui te rahi o te ahumahi taimaha atu tohu o production ahumahi whānui. i taea e ki te tae te taumata nui i muri Ētahi atu whenua.

Ētahi atu whakarerekētanga e te taniwha, me kawe he whenua ahumahi, Ko te ao tōrangapū, me te hanganga ture. A, no te Ko te hiahia mooni mo rawaka kaha me te feedstock mahi cheap tenei.

Ko tētahi o nga whāinga production matua i roto i te ōhanga ahumahi - ko te tuku o te tokomaha piki o ngā hua oti. Ka rite ki te hua, nui moni o te hua taea kamupene ki te tomo i te mākete ao.

Te huri i te US hanganga ahumahi taimaha

Homai Amerika Te Tai Tokerau e - he wāhi i reira ite ona hoko he whenua ahumahi, kua riro te tuatahi i roto i tenei hōputu o te ōhanga, he utu te tuhituhi i te whai ake i te reira: kua enei huringa kua tutuki e te tikanga o huringa i roto i te US hanganga ahumahi taimaha.

Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te pānga o te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te hangarau, kua arahina nei ki te putanga me te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi hou, pērā i hinu, te konumohe, hiko, rapa, automotive, me etahi atu. I te wa ano te hanga o te waka, me te hinu para i te pānga tino nui i runga i te whanaketanga o te ōhanga American.

Mai hohoro whakatinana rama hiko i roto i te ora o ia rā, me te production, kei te tere karahīni ngaro tona hāngaitanga. I te wa ano kua tupu te tono mō te hinu piki haere. faataa tenei e te meka te whanaketanga hihiri o te ahumahi automotive, e te taniwha, arahina ki te nui haere rōrahi o hoko o penehīni, whakamahia hoki te te hanga o te hinu.

Utu te tuhituhi Ko te meka i ko reira te whakataki o te motokā i roto i te oraraa o tangata US i te pānga nui i runga i te hanganga o te production, tuku i te ahumahi para ki te riro tino.

Huringa ite me ngā tūāhua o te whakahaere kouma o te mahi. awe ana tēnei tukanga e te whanaketanga o te production papatipu matua. Kei te korero tatou matua e pā ana ki i roto i-aho tikanga.

Nā ki enei āhuatanga, ka anga te United States ki kia tautuhia hei whenua ahumahi.

Ētahi atu ngā māngai o te ōhanga ahumahi

US, o te akoranga, ka te āhua tuatahi, e taea te runga rite ahumahi. Ki te whakaaro tatou ki nga whenua ahumahi o te rau tau 20, ka waiho reira taea ki te tohatoha e rua ngaru o te ao hōu. taea hoki te huaina ēnei tukanga organic me hopu-ake whanaketanga.

Ko te whenua o te taumata tuatahi ko te United States, Britain, France me ētahi atu whenua iti Pākehā (Scandinavia, Holland, Belgium). Ko te whanaketanga o enei whenua katoa taa ê whakawhiti māmālie ki te momo ahumahi o te hanga. Tuatahi ka haere mai te revolution ahumahi, aru e te whakawhitinga ki te puranga me nui-tauine hanga o momo nekeneke.

I mua i te hanganga o taua tukanga e etahi papamuri ahurea me te pāpori-ōhanga:

- te taumata tiketike o te whakangao production, kua oti nei te wāhi ki te ao hou, i roto i te wahi tuatahi;

- te paari o te whanaunga koloa-moni, ārahi ki te paari o te mākete kāinga me tona kaha ki te takanga mai buka nui o te hanga ahumahi;

- nui kahu o te iwi rawakore e kore e taea e te tangata e hanga ara tetahi, i roto i te tua ki te whakarato ratou ratonga i roto i te ope mahi.

Ki te wāhi whakamutunga taea te pēnei ki te hunga kaipakihi e kua whakahaere ki te whakaemi whakapaipai, ka ko rite ki te hoatu i te reira ki te production tūturu.

Whenua tuarua taumata

Whakaaro i te whenua ahumahi i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20, tu te reira i roto i whenua pērā i Austria-Hungary, Japan, Russia, Italy me Germany. Ratou whakataki ki te hanga ahumahi tika ki te mana o ētahi o ngā āhuatanga i ahua kawea.

Ahakoa te meka e neke i te rota o whenua, te whanaketanga o States katoa, i nga āhuatanga noa i roto i te ahunga o te ahumahi. He āhuatanga matua i roto i tenei take ko te mana nui o te kāwanatanga i roto i te wā hou,. Ko te tūranga motuhake o te kāwanatanga i roto i enei tukanga taea te faataa e te take e whai ake nei.

1. Tuatahi o te katoa, te mea i takaro te kāwanatanga he arataki i roto i te whakatinanatanga o whakahounga nei whāinga ko te roha o whanaunga koloa-moni, me te whakaiti i te maha o pāmu āhua-taiao, me te taiao, āhuatanga e hua iti. Tenei rautaki e āhei ki a koe te tiki atu mahi noa mō te hanga pai.

2. Ki te mārama he aha e āhuatanga tonu whenua ahumahi e te wahi nui o te whai wāhitanga o te kāwanatanga i roto i te tukanga o te ao hou,, he mea utu tokanga ki taua āhuatanga rite te hiahia ki te whakauru i ngā tikanga mau ohipa teitei i runga i ngā hua kawemai. taea anake te hanga taua mehua i runga i te taumata o te ture. A whakawhetai ki tenei rautaki, ngā kāinga, e tu ana i te timatanga o tona whanaketanga, ka kia tiakina, me te kaha ki te hohoro tae i te taumata hou o te hokohoko.

3. Ko te take tuatoru he aha i mooni te whai wāhitanga mātātoa o te kāwanatanga i roto i te tukanga o te ao hou, - ko te kore o moni i hinonga ki te moni production. I Paraire te ngoikore o te whakapaipai kāinga i te tikanga pūtea. Ua faaite tenei i roto i pütea i te hanga o wheketere me rerewē. I roto i ētahi wā noa te hanga tahatika whakauru me ngā kamupene, ki te āhua, me ētahi wā whakapaipai ke. E whakamārama ana tēnei meka aha nga whenua ahumahi, i roto i te tua ki ngā hua kaweake e hāngai i i te kukume pūtea ke. Ngā pāngia e taua haumi i runga i te tukanga o te ao hou, o Hapani, Russia me Austria-Hungary.

A tuu i whenua ahumahi i roto i te ōhanga hou

E kore te tukanga whakamohoa i mutu tona whanaketanga. Nā ki tenei wa ki te hanga i te whenua hou ahumahi. rārangi ratou e whai ake:

1. Singapore
2. South Korea,
3. Hong Kong,
4. Taiwan
5. Thailand
6. China
7. Indonesia
8. Malaysia,
9. India,
10. Philippines,
11. Poronai,
12. Vietnam.

tu nga whenua tuatahi e wha i roto i te toenga, hoki nei take e huaina ratou Tigers Āhia. I roto i te 80, kua whakaaturia ia o te whakarārangitia i runga ake āhua tona kaha ki te whakarato i tētahi tupu ohaoha ā-tau ki te tohu i runga 7%. Ano, i taea ki te whakatutuki tere nui ki te hinga i te underdevelopment pāpori-ōhanga, me te piri ki te taumata o ngā whenua e taea te tautuhi rite whakawhanakehia ratou.

Ko te paearu e nei e takoto whenua ahumahi

Kei te aroturuki te UN tonu te āhuatanga i roto i te ao, ki te aro ngā ki te whanaketanga ōhanga o ngā rohe rerekē. I roto i tenei whakahaere, i reira e etahi paearu e e whakatau e ratou nga whenua hou ahumahi. Hiki e taea ratou kapi anake te āhua e tutuki etahi paerewa i roto i te kāwai e whai ake nei:

- te rōrahi o tāwāhi o ngā hua ahumahi;

- kerekere hua kāinga mō ia;

- te rahi o GDP whakangao (kore kia iti iho i te 20%);

- te rōrahi o haumi ki waho te whenua;

- toharite tere o te tupu ā-tau o GDP.

Hoki ia o enei paearu, me i roto i nga whenua ahumahi katoa i roto i te katoa, i te rārangi o nei Te tupu vitiviti nei, me kia tino rerekē i ētahi atu āhua.

Āhuatanga o te tauira ōhanga o NIS

He etahi take, e rua roto, o waho, e kua i te pānga nui i runga i te whanaketanga ōhanga o te whenua hou ahumahi.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te āhuatanga o waho o te tupu o te öhanga, āhuatanga o whenua katoa, kia hoatu ngā whakarongo ki te meka e whai ake: e kore mea ki ta e whakaaro nga whenua ahumahi, ka whakakotahi katoa o ratou i reira he he moni i runga i te wahi o whenua ahumahi. A ko reira e rua nga ngākau nuitanga ōhanga me te tōrangapū. Ka rite ki te tauira, he mārama moni, e whakaatu ana te United States i roto i te pā ana ki te Tonga Korea, ko Taiwan. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e whai wāhi ēnei wāhi ki te pato'iraa ki te tikanga hapori e kaha i roto i Te Tai Rāwhiti Asia tenei.

Ka rite ki te hua, a Amerika kua enei āhua e rua te tautoko hōia, me te ōhanga nui, kua hanga nei e te ahua o te hihiko ki te whanaketanga hihiri o enei whenua. Ko Ko te aha te whenua ahumahi, i roto i te tua ki te kaweake o taonga, te nuinga e hāngai ana ki haumi ke.

Ko nga whenua o Āhia ki te Tonga, to ratou ahunga whakamua he tika ki te tautoko kaha o Hapani, i roto i te tekau tau whakamutunga oroko ake maha manga corporations e hanga mahi hou, me te whakaara i te taumata o te ahumahi rite te katoa.

E tano ia tapao e i roto i te whenua hou ahumahi, kei roto i Ahia, arotahi te nuinga o te umanga whakapaipai i runga i ahumahi rauemi māori, me te ahumahi whakanao.

Ko nga whenua o Amerika Latin i roto i tenei rohe, arotahi haumi i runga i te ahumahi ahumahi kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te rāngai mahi, me te hokohoko.

I roto i tenei take, e kore e taea e tetahi te tau'a ore i te meka o te roha ōhanga ao o te whakapaipai tūmataiti ke. Ko te aha whenua ahumahi motu i ona ake rauemi i roto i tata nga rāngai ōhanga i te tetahi ōrau o te whakapaipai ke.

tauira American Latin o NIS

e rua ngā tauira matua, i roto i te mea e taea ki te tohu i te hanganga me te mau parau tumu o te whanaketanga o whenua ahumahi hou e tu i roto i roto i te ōhanga o tenei ra. Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te pūnaha American, me te Āhia Latin.

arotahi ana te tauira tuatahi i runga i kawemai whakauru, he tuarua te aronga i runga i tāwāhi. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, kua arotahi etahi whenua i runga i te mākete kāinga, ētahi atu i riro te nuinga o te whakapaipai i roto i tāwāhi.

Tenei Ko tetahi o nga urupare ki te pātai o te aha whenua ahumahi, i roto i te tua ki te kaweake o taonga, kei te kaha arotahi ki runga i kawemai whakauru. Te reira i katoa mai ki raro ki te whakamahi o te tauira ngā. Me kï reira e kua awhinatia te rautaki mākete waiwai kāinga o te hua motu whenua maha ki te whiwhi i te ahunga whakamua ōhanga. Hoki tenei whakaaro i tika ki te etahi te hanganga ōhanga o te whenua. Ka rite ki te hua, kua kaha production nui kua hanga e, a tino nui haere te taumata o te whai tikanga-whaiaro i roto i ngā wāhi maha.

I roto i te meka, i roto i ia whenua, i hoatu hāngai i runga i te whanaketanga o te hanga, tuku ki te whakakapi tōtika kawemai, whakaritea he raruraru nui kei te i runga i te wā. Ka rite ki kia whakatau take mo tenei putanga te mate o te tōtika me te ngäwari o te pūnaha ōhanga, i te mea e tika ana ki te kore o te whakataetae ke.

Na uaua hoki ki te whenua te tango i te tūranga kaha i runga i te mākete ao e tika ana ki te kore o te ahumahi-locomotives, te kimi i te ao o te hanga ki te taumata hou o te tōtika me te hāngaitanga.

Ka rite ki te tauira, te whenua American Latin (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico). Kua whakahaere ēnei āhua ki etahi i te ōhanga motu kia rite ki te tae te wahi nui i roto i te mākete ao. Ko ratou tonu e kore i whakahaere ki te hopu ake ki o ratou taumata o ōhanga ahunga whakamua whenua whakawhanakehia, kaweake-hāngai.

wheako Āhia

tauira Kaweake-hāngai, i whakatinana NIS Ahia, e taea te tautuhi rite te pai tino me ngāwari nui. E tano ia tapao i te meka e te kawemai whakarara, ngā nei reo matatini i te whanaketanga ōhanga o te kaupapa. Koinei, tahuri reira i roto i ki te kia rua nga tauira, ki ngä whäinga kë, e taea te ngā tōtika. Ko te kupu, ki runga ki te wā ngā rānei, kia hoatu ai matua te hunga tino hāngai ana.

Ko te vai i te aroaro o te kāwanatanga haere ki manga roha kaweake hihiri, me haere i te reira i roto i kawemai whakauru me te pai ki te ū tona ōrau i roto i te tauira ōhanga whānui.

Kua NIEs Āhia āhuatanga e te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi kaweake-hāngai mahi-kaha. Neke atu i te wa, kua neke te aronga ki te ahumahi nui-tech whakapaipai-kaha. I te kau, te whakaaro matua o taua whenua i roto i te anga o te rautaki ōhanga o nāianei - te reira putanga, e taea te āhuatanga rite te matauranga e hāngai ana-. I roto i te tahuri, kua hoatu te hanga haurokuroku me mahi-kaha ki nga whenua ahumahi hou o te ngaru tuarua.

Ko te kupu, e nehenehe tatou e faaoti e te rautaki ōhanga o te tauwhāiti iwi ahumahi tei runga i tona wahi i roto i te mäkete o te ao.