Ko te Yak-36: Whakatakotoranga me ngā whakaahua

Kua ngaro te puna o te whakapehapeha kore anake i te mahere o te Soviet Union, engari ano hoki nga Engineers hou, e ko te kainga o ratou matua rongonui - te ahumahi rererangi Soviet. Ka tenei tuhinga e kōrero e pā ana ki te ahurei rererangi. Tenei Yak-36, nei āhuatanga ka kia te uiui i roto i te tikanga taipitopito.

prehistory

I tahaki, te whakaaro o te hanga i te mīhini e rere ahurei, e pai ai te wakarererangi poutū me te taunga, puta roa i mua i te hanganga o te manureva, a ka whakatinana i roto i te puka o te waka. Production o te rererangi ko te toparere i roa āhuatanga ōrite mō ngā tau e maha. Ko te take matua mō te roa i roto i te whakatūnga o te kaipuke taua i taua e waiho reira te wahi o nga otaota katoa kaha i nui rawa, me te mana - iti. Ka rite ki te hua, oho te take te pēnei ka anake i roto i te 1940, no te kitenga o te ao turbojets. Mai i engineering me whakamātautau i runga i te pae i mua ka mau te hanganga o tenei rererangi wahi he wā o e rua tekau tau.

Kaitito

Ko tētahi o nga pionie i roto i tenei mara ko te kaipūkaha ingoa Shulikov hoahoa rererangi, i roto i te tau 1947 e whakaarohia ana te whakamahi o te pupuha nōhanga motuhake o te turbojet (THD), i muri tāuta i runga i te Yak-36.

Ahua muri Kua whakawhanakehia Scherbakov kaihoahoa he kaupapa, ka tīmata whakamatautau tu i roto i te rere o te tauira rererangi, i atu ka mau poutū, ka i te parirau, engari i rite rawa ki te rua o engines turbojet hurihuri tāuta i papa taha o te takere. Ko te ngaro o te parirau meinga he ngangau i roto i te taiao engineering, i hoatu he mutunga ki te haere tonu o tenei kaupapa.

Yakovlev Hoahoa Bureau

Ko te kapa angitu tino, e i whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o te waka rererangi poutū e atu, ko reira te OKB-115, te matenga o i ko te rongonui Aleksandr Sergeevich Yakovlev. Tenei kaipūkaha i roto i te tau 1960 e whakaarohia ana te whanaketanga o te Yak-104. I roto i tenei oko rangi whakaritea ki te tāuta rua pūkaha R19-300 takoha e ia ki te whakamahi rite hutia huānga toko. Ratou aki o 1600 kgf. kia waiho engine ara he nekeneke kotahi. whakaritea ngā e i te taimaha o 2800 kg me 600 kg mīhini rāhui wahie rere ki te rere i te tere mōrahi o te 550 km / h, me te piki ki te teitei o 10 000 mita. I roto i tenei take, e kia rite ki te 500 kiromita te tawhiti rere, a ko te roa o reira kotahi haora ki te tekau meneti.

Project Yak-I roto i

(- 5000 kg werohia ia) I roto i te April 1961, rite tino ko te Kaunihera o te kaupapa Minita i runga i hanga o rererangi kotahi ki te pūkaha R21-300 rua. Ko tenei kua te Yak-36. I mahara te kaipuke ki te hei i te tere rere o 1100-1200 km / h i te teitei o 1000 mita. Ko te taimaha i te wa o te tango-atu e kore e waiho atu atu i 9150 kirokaramu.

Hoki tere te mahi i roto i nga pūnaha stabilization me te mana, whakamatautau te taumahinga o te nozzles pūkaha hurihuri i hanga Yak-36 e horo'a nei ki te mahi i ngā whakamātautau rererangi tauira ki ngā engines turbojet R21-300, ko wai e werohia taupū ko 4,200 kgf. taputapu Engari whakarara mīhini nozzles hurihuri. whakaputaina tēnei tuhinga i runga i te 30 o Oketopa 1961.

Ko te whanaketanga o te Yak-36 arahina SG Mordovin. Ano, kua whai wāhi Engineers: Sidorov, Pavlov, Bekirbaev Gorshkov.

rerengamahi

ka mau te whakatupuranga hou o te rererangi wahi i te wa ka kua taea whakamanamana i te UK o te rererangi rite "Harier", i rite rawa ki te pūkaha matangirua me rua o nozzles Rotary takirua. Heoi, haere Engineers Soviet i tona ara, he ahua rerekē i te uru.

Hoatu e, aha i te Yak-36 me pehea i rite rawa ia ki te engines, ehara i te mea maere e te urungi jet ki aki nui i tāuta i roto i te ihu, me te hiawero o nga wahi takere o te mīhini. i tetahi o ratou ki te mahi me te pana whakamua i te pou tika roa. Na katoa no te mea ko te raruraru o te urungi e kore anake ki te whakahaere i te mana rererangi i roto i ngā āhuatanga rangitahi, engari whakarato hoki te toenga tino o te oko i roto i te e rere pateko. Ka rite ki mo nga motors, kua tāuta ratou i runga i te ihu rererangi me te pupuha whakanohoia ki runga ki te pokapū o te mahara o Yak-36.

Āhuatanga o te mīhini

Ko te whakaritenga whakaahuatia o te actuator o te rererangi hua i roto i te ahua o te hiahia mo te tahuhu unicycle momo pasikala ki te tautoko i runga i te ihu me te tautoko e rua-moana muri. E horoia tautoko parirau i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga ki te tātari Yak-36, ka whakaritea i roto i fairings. I runga i te hōtuhi cowl tika tino rangi-pēhanga kaiwhiwhi ki pūoko motuhake me koki pepa o te whakaeke. ko tika angamaheni mo te rererangi o te hunga tau te hoahoa Airframe rawa taua: kawea āhua-inarapa takere i waho, a ka rite rawa nga rākau parirau ki ngā paki.

haumaru

Whakawhanake i te Yak-36, e whakaaturia nei i roto i te pepa whakaahua, kihai i nga Engineers i te clue e pā ana ki āhua o te mahi i te kaipuke i roto i te rere (blockages i roto i te taha i roto i tango-atu, ranei tetahi atu e rahurahu kaha). I roto i tenei whakaaro, ki te whakarite i te haumaru o te pairati i roto i ngā āhuatanga ohotata seti whakarato pūrere ejection i akina atu. Ano, i te rererangi i te pūnaha mana tino aunoa i roto i te tere rere, tiaki ki te kore.

production Aircraft me te whakamātautau

hanga nga oko tuatahi e whā i i te tipu, kei runga i Leningradsky Prospekt i Moscow. i mahi ai tetahi o enei rererangi rite te tauira mo nga whakamātautau kaha. I roto i te puna o te 1963 i runga i te tau rererangi kawea 36 whakamātautau i roto i, e hāngai ana ki te taki i te tohu o te tiaki ki te tomo ki o engines roto ratou kitea te awa jet, me te whakamātautau manawanui. Hoki tenei whakaeke whakaaro i rite rawa Yak-36 ki rua ngā paki hau arai, tetahi o i eke i runga i te ihu, me te tuarua - te aroaro o nozzles matangirua.

Te motokā tuarua e mau ana i te maha 37 taunga anake korerotia me tango atu. I te tīmatanga, ko te teitei e rua waewae, a muri, ko kua te ahua 5 mita. kawea 85 whakangungu hang-ups i roto hoki i te rua tau. Pipiri 25, i 1963 i te kaipuke he aituā: i reira ko he kore tahuhu i roto i te taunga poutū tika ki te auau tiketike o paheke.

rererangi Tuatoru (hiku tau 38) Ua tauturu ki tirohia te tōtika o te urungi kōpana, ngā pūnaha Autopilot me ngā mana kei roto i te vahi pailati. i tīpakohia ngā taua tere rere o te hau e taea te rererangi ki te kia pūmau ia rere a hanga te mīhini tino mana e te pairati.

raruraru tāutuhia

Ka rite ki whakaaturia, ko te uaua tino reira ki te whakatinana i te ūnga poutū. Ko te kaiurungi whakamātautau e rua i rerekē ngā whakaaro i runga i te waka rererangi. Ko te kupu, ko te pairati Garnaev whakapono e kia kawea whenua i anake i te momo topatopa, e ko, i te motokā ki te kia hoatu ki te teitei nui ki tere mua matu'otu'á-. I roto i te tahuri, i te pairati Mukhin he whakaaro rerekē. Kei te mea te reira e te tautoko whakarato te rotor topatopa, i te Yak-36 tenei mahi i roto i te wāhanga rerekē o te rere taurangi parirau me te hau pūkaha jet. Na reira, ko te mea e tika ana ki te whakaaro i te wa o te whakawhiti te anga i te parirau tika ki te wae te mana. A no te mea ko te taunga ki te kia tātai i roto i ngā o te tiketike, e pai hāngai ki te tiketike o te kaupapa i roto i te porohita. Ka rite ki te hua, ko reira tika Mukhin.

whakamātautau Flight

I whakamana e whanau Yak-36 i runga i teitei hawhe-mita i runga ake i te poka, e i hipoki ki te tutaki maitai. I meatia tenei ki te whakaiti i te taumata o te pokanoa o nga seti hau. Heoi, te tino e he ahei o te tango atu poutū i te kupenga te oko hohoro whakarerea a oho i runga i te pakeke mata whāriki. Na reira takoto te raruraru. Ko te kau, no te wahia atu i te runway te taputapu taunga, ka anga te manureva ki ruru murua, a ka hinga ia ki te taha. Whakarara ki tenei, i hapa te urungi mana hau.

Hei whakatau i te akina pūkaha rererangi tika ki te tuhi i runga i te pauna. fakalakalaka kaihoahoa i roto i o ratou akoranga tino āta, tata i te tere o te ngata. I te tahi taime i tupu i te reira e akina iho te rererangi nui-mua i roto i te rangi, a kahore tata i rongo whakahau o te kaiurungi. rererangi Tame rahua i muri tahuri ārai tomo ki o hau ki te pūrere rere o te hau. arahina tenei ki te meka i aki te waka rererangi ki te whenua, a ka whakahaere.

rere kotiro

Ko te Yak-36, me te hītori puta noa atu atu i te tekau tau, kawea te wa tuatahi i roto i te whati tonu o Hōngongoi 27, 1964. Heoi, ki te whakaara i te oko ki te rangi Mukhin rite rere, ka rere, no te mea tangohia kahore tetahi i ki matapae tona whanonga i roto i te rangi. Te nuinga pea, i muri i tenei whakamātautau, i reira ko tetahi whakahounga o te mihini e toru, i ngā i roto i te tāutanga o rua tara ventral i runga i ia o ratou.

E rua marama i muri mai, i reira ko te rererangi e whanau tonu-parirau tuatahi. Mukhin na taukei te motokā, ara tukua ia ki te maka i te kaingaki i tenei wa o te rere, a ka whakapaho te rererangi i roto i te wahi, kahore tetahi ine.

haere katoa ki te meka i ko reira taea ki te mahi i ngā rerenga ki tonu i. Heoi, tenei i ki te mahi nga tau pakeke me te hawhe. February 7, rite 1966 Mukhin te poutū tango-atu, kawea atu rere i runga i te ara porowhita, ka noho i runga i te rererangi. Maehe 24 kawea i roto i te takeoff poutū pairati, he rere i roto i te porohita me te taunga poutū. whakaaro tenei ra ko te ra whanau o te rererangi Russian, e kua te taea o te wakarererangi poutū.

tohu Hangarau

i rererangi i Tirohia te ututaumaha iti, a reira hoahoa pokapū Kua whakawhanakehia he tauira ake o te Yak-36M, e, i muri i ohi i te riro ā Yak-38. Ko kē te kaipuke hou te tahora paku rerekē, i te mea nui, pai atu i whakamatauria ano i roto i te mahi.

Ko te Yak-36, nga āhuatanga hangarau o e kua tohua i raro, ko te pakaruhanga i roto i te rererangi motu. Na, ko ona whakaritenga e whai ake:

• roa o te kaipuke - 16.4 m.
• Parirau - m 10.
• teitei Machine - 4.3 m.
• Area Wing - 17 sq. m.
• Taumaha o te oko tahanga - 5400 kg.
• Te wakarererangi taimaha - 9400 kg.
• Engine - 2 x R27V TPD-300.
• Unforced tokotoko - 2 x 5000 kg.
• tere Reserve i teitei - 1,100 km / h.
• tere mōrahi e tata ana te whenua - 900 km / h.
• tuanui Real - 11000 m.
• Ko te waka - 1 tangata.
• kawenga whawhai o runga ki te 2000 kg - Weapons. SD rangi-ki-rangi R-60M, Nur, pōma.

tauira mātauranga me te whakangungu

I whakawhanakehia Yak-18T i roto i 1964. I roto i nga tau o te whakamahi i oti te reira i te tahi mau huringa, me i roto i 2006 kua whakaritea e te kāwanatanga Russian ki anō hanga tauine-tonu o Yak-18T (raupapa 36). whakamahia tēnei rererangi i roto i ngā take whakaako me te whakangungu mō te whakangungu tauira hōia o ngā kura rere.

He nga āhuatanga e whai ake nei Yak-18T 36 Series:

• whakaturia te reira i te rangi e toru-rau raupapa hurirere AB-803-1-C.
• Kua oti te Papatohu huringa nui.
• I nui haere te reira i whānui o rere tūturu me tāuta waka tauā atu o 180 rita ia i roto i te nui o rua nga wahi.
• Whakarerekētia tatau i roto i te vahi pailati.
• whakawera i puai (tāuta whakamahana tuarua).
• Kei te hanga taiepa ahi i kōeke kowiri tira.
• wahie whakamahia - penehīni "Premium 95".

faaite tēnei rererangi i i ngā whakaaturanga rererangi ao (MAX 2007 me MAX 2009).

Ture whakapumautia e kia waiho te rererangi raruraru-free ki te mahi 3,500 haora 15,000 ūnga ranei kahore tetahi here maramataka.