Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich: haurongo me mahi

Kei te karanga a te reira "ngaro te poto." Na "te tangata e te mohiotia whānuitia i roto i porowhita kuiti." e matau ana torutoru o kaipānui o tenei ra e ingoa - Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich. I roto i te takiwa, kua mahi ia i te rota i roto i taua mara rite tuhinga, whakaari, hītori, rapunga whakaaro me te ariā o te whare tapere.

tau Whānau me te wawe

Whanau kaimahi ahurea heke mai e tata ana Kiev February 11, 1887. Iwi i Polish, ngā whakapono hāhi - Katorika. Tona papa - Dominik Aleksandrovich, hōia; ka mutu, me ki tona whānau mahue Poland me noho i roto i te takiwā o pa whaea Russian. hokona te whare te mo te moni, retiree taratahi.

mahi Dominik Aleksandrovich hei kaikaute, ko tana wahine Fabiana Stanislavovna horo'a ia ki ngā tamariki. Tino kawea atu e te waiata, me te tākaro i te piana nehenehe, ka hoatu e ia a ratou he mātauranga ahurea pai. ko Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund te whakaotinga o nga tamariki, i wha tuahine pakeke.

koropiko te tamaiti tona whaea, tukinotia ia rawa atawhai, ka tamata ki riro ia moni. I roto i tona tamarikitanga tae noa moe ia o hoko he kaiwaiata opera, me te tango waiata haapiiraa. Otiia i muri i te mutunga o te tau kura Kiev 4 tomo ia te University rite te rōia. Ngā ākonga o ana whitinga i ngangau, karakara, me te apiapi he Kiev. whakatata te tangata taitama te take o te mātauranga tino - i roto i te tua ki te matauranga o te ture, riro hoki matauranga o te hītori me te philology, te haereraa i kauwhau e hāngai ana.

I tonu te ākonga, ka timata Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund ki te tuhituhi rotarota. Ko tōna pene e no wā ki te haere ngā kōrero e hanga ia haere a tawhio noa Europe.

mahi wawe

I muri i te fariiraa i te tohu whare wānanga i roto i 1913, tamata i te taitamariki rōia ki te mahi i runga i te makehe me tomo te mahi o rōia kaiāwhina. Ko mo te wa roa i roto i tenei rohe e kore e puritia. Kua muri rima tau, ka whiua e ia te ture, me te kore e kia hoki mai ki reira, nui atu i ake ake. Pea te take mo tenei ko te revolution i hua i roto i te hepohepo i me te ture zadvinuvshaya ki te kokonga tawhiti. Ranei pea, tawhiri tika Krzhizhanovskogo ahurea ...

Ko te atamira i muri o tona mahi ko te mahi o te kaiwhakaako. tu ana ia i roto i mua o te ākonga Conservatory, Theatre Institute me ētahi atu whare mātauranga o Kiev, korero ratou e pā ana ki te hinengaro o te auahatanga, he tino hira i roto i te iwi taitamariki waiata, tuhinga, hītori, toi whakaari, me pera i runga i. D. He kauwhau kaiako pūmanawa.

tamata Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund ki ite ia rite te kaituhi. Etahi o tona mea: te maau "Brigantine", te kōrero "Jacobi me whakapae" - ara tā i roto i makasini.

Moscow

i kino iho hoki Krzhizhanovskogo tamarikitanga i te raupapa o ngā fakamamahi. Tetahi i muri i tetahi, mate ana matua, ka tuahine aroha Elena, a ka te matua keke, me nei ko te tino hoa Sigismund. Na tenei katoa mo etahi e rua, e toru nga tau.

Hiahia i te huringa o te pae, Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich, Haurongo i ki tonu o te haere i roto i te whānui i, neke reira ki te 22 th tau i roto i Moscow. Here riro ia i roto i te Whare Theatre, haapii i tona studio. Ko te taua whakaari anake te wahi i reira ki a Krzhizhanovsky taea kite tona tākaro i runga i te atamira. I huaina te reira "te tangata wai Ko Rāpare". Wahi i tuhituhia hua e hāngai ana mohiotia Gilbert Chesterton. Ētahi atu mahi o te kaitito ki te scene, aue, kahore i ora.

Rongonui me faingata'a

I roto i te whakapaipai o te hero Soviet Union o tenei tuhinga i kaha. tai'o e ia ana kōrero poto, ngā tuhinga, me te tahi atu mahi, me te hohoro ka pai-mohiotia i roto i te porowhita o Moscow me kaituhi whakaari.

Ko te rongonui o Krzhizhanovskogo taonga kihai ia i kawea mai. mahi ia he rota, e matau e kore e te wai rere i raro i te kohatu teka. Time o takanga o nui, mutu te nép. Katoa i teie nei a ka te patototanga runga i te tatau, "Dr. Schrott" (rite kaituhi me ana hoa i huaina matekai). Tino emaciated a titiro koma i te wa Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich. Photo 20 mutunga pukorero whakaatu ki te rawakore i roto i i noho ai ia kaituhi. Otiia kihai ia i i hoatu e ki runga, ka tamata ki te hanga i te wa tino roa i aroha ia te nuinga - tuhituhi.

Nganatanga tata tonu tahuri atu ki te kia memeha - tāngia whakahaere tino onge, me te taro i ki te tiki i te ara i tetahi atu. mahi Krzyzanowski he ētita i te whare whakaputa, te whakarite hōtuhi hoki ngä pänui, a tae noa teata tonu, i tuhituhi te libretto mo te opera ...

"Pushkin" me "Shakespeare" wā

Ko tētahi o te "podrabotok" Sigismund Dominikovich ko te timatanga o te wā i roto i tona mahi. Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te putanga wā o te opera "Eugene Onegin" e Prokofiev.

Mo Pushkin, kaituhi mo te wa roa e kore i taea e whatiia atu i reira. tuhituhi e ia tuhinga ariā e pā ana ki te mahi o te rohi pehe Russian nui (hei tauira, "te Art o te epigraph (Pushkin)") mahi, i runga i te "Dictionary o epigraphs" a na i runga i D..

A i te weheruatanga 30 a ko reira te tahuri o Shakespeare. Rite hoki te rōrahi tuatahi o nga mahi kohia o omuaraa matarohia Krzhizhanovskogo faauruhia ki te tuhituhi i te maha o ngā tuhinga i oti rawa ki te kaituhi o te tahuti ore "Hamlet."

E te ara, rite te ātete ki mahi tuhituhi, ētahi wā tāngia nūpepa Sigismund Dominikovich. I roto i ngā i roto i te pukapuka pērā i "Art Soviet" "Literature fakaanga" me te t. D.

"Kua hipa te poto"

Ko te "āna" wā te nuinga o te auaha Krzhizhanovskogo - 20-30s. I roto i tenei wa hea te raiona o o mahi tuhituhi. Tenei pūrākau e rima, e ono ngā pukapuka o poto kōrero, tuhinga roa, pūrākau, whakaari, mahi i runga i te hītori me te ariā o te whare matakitaki, a na i runga i. D. i te torutoru anake o ratou i whakaputaina i roto i tona ora. taea mooni ratou te kiia i runga i nga maihao o tetahi ringa. Ko te ariā e i whakaputaina katoa o te mahi i te anake "Poetics o taitara." ka puta mai ia ki waho, ano he buka iti motuhake. He rite ki te tā te kōrero "Te Hoki o Baron Munchausen", engari ohorere kihai te kaituhi riro i te kaiwhakaputa.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund, nei pukapuka kihai i haere mai ki te hunga pänui whanui, kua meinga ki te tuhituhi ki te tepu. Tenei ko etahi o ratou:

• "E noho" Country "(1924).
• "He kohinga o Hēkona" (1925).
• "Reta Kaahu Club" (1926).
• "Memories o te Future" (1929).
• "Tuke Neukushenny" (1940).

Otiia e kore e matou e korero e pā ana ki te tahi mau scribblers! Kua karangatia e Modern faahapa tuhituhi poto o te kaituhituhi, te whakatairite i te reira ki Talafungani o aua tau - Camus, Kafka, Borges ... tuhituhi ia ki te taumata o te tuhinga Pākehā o te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 20. He taonga i roto i nä, metatext, tikanga toi o nga whakaaro o nga philosopho nui, me ētahi atu E ai ki te momo te nuinga o ratou e taea te pēnei ki te tuhi hinengaro, me te momo tino Krzhizhanovskogo ana mahi - .. A kupu whakarite.

Miharo aha e hehema ki te whakapono e ko noa i mua o tona wa ia, ka ko hano tatau ki te pūnaha Soviet kaiwhakaputa waiho rangatira o tuhinga i tenei ra. A kihai i i uru i roto i tona anga, e kore i taea e ia mai. Sigismund Dominikovich kahore i tuhituhia i roto i te tautoko o te Kaunihera, engari i kore te hoariri ratou. Ko ia, me te mea i waho te pūnaha i runga i te reira. A noaa te reira te warewaretanga.

I roto i te 1939 ka Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund he mema o te Writers 'Union, engari e kore e tenei meka whai wāhi reira ki te mahi whakaputa.

runaruna Krzhizhanovskogo

I tua atu ki o ratou riri mo te tuhituhinga me te whare tapere, ko Sigismund Dominikovich tetahi, engari weriweri u'ana. Ia aroha ki haere. Ahakoa i roto i nga tau kikokore, whakahaere ia ki te mawhiti vahi i te iti rawa hoki te wiki. Trip tukinotia ia, ka ue'i.

Ki te haere koe ki te haere ki te whenua hou, āta ako Krzyzanowski tona hītori, te matawhenua, te ahurea, me ka ki whakarite te ariā ki te mea ka kite ia i ki ona kanohi ake. Kei te waituhi tonu te haere, a ka hoki ana te kāinga i te tangata hou.

I roto i te haerenga tutaki ia ki te maha o nga tangata ngā, me te ara nui, i roto i nei, mo te tauira, Maximilian Voloshin ko Aleksandr menemene, koa farii i te kaituhi i roto i to ratou taonga raumati Crimean.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich: te ora whaiaro o te kaituhi

Ano e ora ana i roto i Kiev me te kauwhau ki ngā ākonga, tutaki taitamariki Sigismund ki te wahine nei ko te hoa o tona ora. ko tona ingoa Anna Gavrilovna Bovshek. ko ia he kaitapere, ako ia ki Stanislavsky. I muri noa iho i haere te mohio nō ki Moscow, ko Krzyzanowski, rite matau tatou, rawa, faifai oho ki te whakapaipai o te USSR. He tonu ratou auhoaraa āta tahuri ki te hononga rawa tata.

Heoi, i ora ai Sigismund ko Anna motu tae noa ki te tino whakamutunga ra o te kaituhituhi. Ko te kupu, e tamata tatou ki te pupuri i te romance ka atawhai to ratou aroha i te whakangaromanga o te ora.

Tautoko tahi i te tahi i roto i te katoa, ko ratou te whakahaere ngawari, haere tahi ... tonu o te mahana, te whakaute me te auhoaraa ratou hononga i.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

Mai 1940 Kua tata kihai i tuhituhi mahi o toi Krzyzanowski. I te mahi tonu i runga i te rota. I roto i te whawhai, e kore Moscow i waiho, whakapono e kia noho te kaituhi te wahi ko reira te kaupapa. Tenei rā hoki ki te wā o te maha tuhinga i runga i te whakapaipai me te whawhai.

e, ka rite ki te aroaro o, kua kore i whakaputaina ratou. Hoki te ora o Sigismund Dominikovich roaa whakamāoritanga.

kino nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora i te taha o mate nui. I roto i ana tohinoa, tuhi Anna Bovshek e pā ana ki takawhita me anemia. mate ko te hua o te kino ki te wahi o te roro haepapa mō te mahara. Na i wareware Krzyzanowski pū. i taea e ia te tuhituhi me te pānui i - e kore. A ko reira he ati tino mo te tangata e kore e taea te whakaaro ahau, kahore pukapuka.

haere era o tona ora i roto i te rawakore, me te mamae. Hoko tino rawakore, oho Sigismund Dominikovich ki tana wahine i roto i tona fare iti. mate ia i runga i Hakihea 28, 1950.

tuku iho

I roto i te Krzyzanowski kahore tamariki a. e kore ahau e waiho i te reira i muri, ko te urupa, ranei, kaua, e mohiotia ona hea. Ko te tukufakaholo auaha o te maramarama ora ... A te whakawhetai katoa ki te mau tautooraa o te wahine î i te here, e kohia āta mātārere, tuhituhia i roto i te ringaringa taketake.

Ko reira tino meá i roto i nga wa o te tāmitanga, te haapa'oraa i te parau papa'i i te kāinga. Otiia i kino noa ki tetahi o ratou.

Ka rite ki te kaituhi ia ia, e kore tana wahine i tatari mo te whakaputanga o mahi. Anake i roto i te mutunga o nga eighties tutaki kaipānui ki te kaituhi i te ingoa o Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich. mahi kohia pai ana pukapuka e ono i roto i Russian i tāngia i te tau 2001 ki te 2012. Tenei ngā tata katoa kua oti te tuhituhi e te kaituhi: mahi tuhi, me te whakaari, me te ariā, me te ara etahi o nga pukapuka.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich, meka ngā nei e te aroaro i roto i tenei tuhinga, ko te tangata rerekē. kihai i hono to'utangatá mauruuru i te reira, a inaianei auaha "poto ma'iri" kore e taea e huaina te puranga. Ko te hunga e aroha ana pono tuhinga me te whare tapere, he reira tino e rite.