Kupu kīwaha me kōrero: tauira me ngā ture whakamahinga

Tuhia he kanapa, ki wana pakeke tāpui. Ko e taea ki te riro i te aro o ana mahi he whakarongo faahiahia etahi kaituhi. He aha te mea te mea ngaro o ratou angitu? tamata matou ki te kitea i roto i roto i tēnei tuhinga, me pehea ratou te whakatutuki whakaaetanga ao.

reo ino

kupu kīwaha - kupu ki te taratara, whakamarumaru stylistically iti me tae noa ino, e kua kei waho te kāhua tuhituhi. e kore e angamaheni mo te tauira, kāhua pukapuka, waia engari ngā rōpū rerekē o te pāpori ratou me ko te āhuatanga ahurea, me te pāpori o te iwi e kore e nei riro i te reo tuhituhi. E ēnei kupu i whakamahia i roto i te tahi mau momo o kōrero: i roto i te kupu ngahau maheni ranei i roto i te mākutu-waha, me te rite.

I roto i te whānui, i huaina te ratou reo e ko te reo kore-tuhituhi, whakamahia nei i roto i kōrero o te iwi. I roto i tenei take, e kore ai e reira taratara, me te whai i te faaiteraa motuhake. I roto i te e ngā reira, hei tauira, te kupu "roto", "nui", "mo te kore utu", "ratou", "te tahi atu ra," "te wa he", "pea", "nuinga", "te tiki ngenge", "tito noa" "whai kiko", "kaimahi pakeke", "balk", "brainy".

Mark i papakupu, e tohu ana i te kāhua iti o kupu me o ratou tikanga, hoatu ratou haunga aro mātai, rave rahi. kupu kīwaha maha wāhi aromatawai me te reo whakaputa.

He taea hoki te reira ki te kitea kupu noa, rere anake i roto i tona accentuation me mātauranga whakahua ( "tabaterka" hei utu o "oko ngarahu", "surezno" hei utu o te "nui").

Ngā take mō te tono

Kei te whakamahia papakupu kīwaha i roto i ngā momo rerekē o te reo mo te momo o take: e pā ana tika o te kaituhi ki te whakaahuatia, taumu'a kiko (kīanga kairīpoata), kaupapa whakaputa me te rutaki (korero kupu), take characterological (kīanga toi). ka kite a te mahi me kōrero pūtaiao kīwaha kupu mōhiohio rite huānga inostilevoy.

kāhua indelicate

Kua ngoikore Ruiruia kupu kīwaha, āhuaatua tae ngangahau. Kei a ia, mo te tauira, enei kupu: "riffraff", "cornstalk" "bonehead", "maka", "kohua-ngārara", "spieler", "mata", "maka", "bast", "uwha", " okolet "," slyamzit "," waikura "," Hamley ". no ki reira te reo ino tino, e ko, te reo piro (whakaoati ino). I roto i tenei kāhua taea kitea e koe nga kupu ki uara ratou reo e makehe (maha kāhuarau) - "whio" ( "tahae"), "me te tapahia" ( "te taahi mea"), "pīhono" ( "tuhituhi"), "mumu" ( "korero tito noa"), "pōtae" ( "peke pouri"), "vinaigrette" ( "tìrango i").

kāhua rā

Kōrerorero kupu ko tetahi o nga kāwai taketake o te kupu o te reo o te kaituhi me kūpapa me te pukapuka momo. hanga te reira i te kupu, mohiotia te nuinga i roto i ngā kīanga dialogicality. E hāngai ana tēnei kāhua i runga i kōrero ōpaki i roto i te huru o te kōrero pāhekoheko (looseness o kōrero me te whakapuaki whanaungatanga, whakaaro, mau mana'o, korero ki te kaupapa), me te waeine o te tahi atu rarangi o te reo, mahi nuinga i roto i te kīanga kōrero. Na reira kīanga nei tikanga tūturu tae heke ngangahau.

Kei te wehea momo korerotia ki e rua kaha awa taurite-turanga: he tuhituhi ratou reo e me ngā kupu obihodno-kiritaki.

kupu Vocabulary

He aha te mea he kupu kōrero, me te kīwaha? Kei kupu Everyday o kupu tauwhāiti ki ngā momo kōrero o ngā mahi kōrerorero. Kōrero kīanga ōrite. E tū ana i raro i te kupu kūpapa, engari ki runga ki te tohu o te kupu tuhituhi rānei e wehea ki ngā rōpū matua e rua: kupu Elementary me ratou reo e.

kupu Everyday ngā ngā e hoatu i te whakahaere he mea ōpaki whakamarumaru, puta noa (engari e kore e ware-kupu ratou reo e). Mai i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te wahi o te kupu huanga kupu kōrero rite kūpapa me te kanorau.

Kei roto te reira i:

• tūingoa: "ruru", "te tangata nui", "tito noa";
• tūāhua: "e tuku i", "maharakore";
• adverbs: "i roto i toku ara iho", "tupurangi";
• interjections: "Ai", "Bai", "LGA".

papakupu Everyday, ahakoa tona pritushennost, e kore e haere ki tua atu i te rohe o te reo tuhituhi Russian.

kupu kīwaha i raro i runga i kāhua atu rā, na reira, whakanohoia te waho te tuhituhi paerewa o te reo Russian. Kei te wehea te reira i roto e toru tuhaa:

1. Expressive kupu pokepoke grammatically whakaaturia tūāhua ( "bedraggled", "ngārara"), kupumahi ( "moe", "raschuhat"), noun ( "cornstalk", "bonehead"), adverbs ( "lousy," "wairangi"). Ko maha enei kupu i roto i te kōrero hei painga mātauranga takitahi, tautuhi ratou taumata ahurea. I te tahi taime e kitea e ratou i roto i kōrero o te iwi mohio. Te expressiveness o enei kupu, me to ratou kaha pū, me te aronganui taea ētahi wā henehene me mahino whakaatu te ōwehenga (tino tōraro) ki tetahi ahanoa, tītohunga tangata ranei.
2. rerekē kupu pokepoke-ratou reo e i te taumata tiketike taratara, me te whakaputa o te mōhio. Tenei, hei tauira, te kupu e whai ake nei: "Heil", "maka" "maka", "tōnapi", "pori", "Rylnikov". Enei te pukorero kupu, e taea ki te tuku i te huru kino o te whakahaere ki te tahi mau wāhanga ratou. No te mea o te fīta'á nui e kore he taua kupu whaimana i roto i te kōrero o te iwi peu.
3. Mau, kupu ratou reo e. Kei roto i tēnei te maha iti o kupu e kore-tuhituhi, e kore te mea e hauwarea ratou (kihai i ratou ware i tae whakaputa me te uara) ranei i te pūāhua pakanga (kore e ratou semantics kohukohu), engari no te mea e kore ratou e tohutohu ki te whakamahi i te iwi mātauranga i roto i kōrero. He kupu rite "mua", "tika inaianei", "Teti," "ahau whakaaro," "Toene" enei. Kei te hoki i huaina ana tēnei momo o te reo demotic, a ka rerekē i te reo e whakamahia e te i roto i te pa, me te i roto i te parae.

taurite

Taurite i roto i te kupu kīwaha me tuhituhi ki te wa ano tino maha he taumata rerekē o te faaiteraa me expressiveness:

• upoko - galangal, chump;
• mata - maka kino, te mangai o;
• waewae - klyagi.

E mea pinepine i roto i te kōrero kore puta fenāpasi anake rite taua, me putanga ratou reo e o kupu tuhituhi, tae atu wetereo:

• ki a ia - ki a ia;
• tonu - zavsegda;
• kai ia - poemshi ia;
• ratou - ratou;
• i roto i - ottudova, ottedova;
• poroporoaki - ki svidanitsa.

Creativity M.Zoshchenko

He tokomaha e whakapono e te tikanga o te faaiteraa o te kupu , ko te kupu kīwaha. Ka taea e kupu Oia mau, i roto i nga ringa o te kaituhi kore-tuhituhi masterovitogo mahi e kore anake rite te tikanga o te whakaahuatanga hinengaro o te pūāhua, engari ano hoki ki te whakaputa i te āhuatanga motuhake stylistic mōhiotia. Ko te tauira o tenei ko nga mahi auaha Zoshchenko, e whakairo parodied mentality Pirihitini, me te ara o te ora, "vkraplivaya" i roto i te kōrero aito fiemālie kīanga folksy.

Pehea e titiro i te reira i roto i tona pukapuka kupu ratou reo e? Tauira o te ngaiotanga M.Zoshchenko whakamīharo. tuhituhi tenei kaituhi pūmanawa te whai ake:

"Ahau mea:

- Ehara ianei i te wa ki te noho i roto i te whare tapere? kia Call.

Na ko tana kupu tenei:

- No.

Na te toru, e te keke.

Ahau te korero:

- haapaeraa - e kore e nui? Kia ruakina.

Na ko tana kupu tenei:

- No, - ia ta - e whakamahia matou.

Na rakaraka tuawha.

Na ka patua te reira ahau i roto i te toto matenga.

- E noho ki - mea - hoki!

ispuzhalsya ia. whakatuwheratia e ia tona mangai, a whiti ana niho i roto i te mangai.

A, ki te patua e ahau te parairetia awakeri. te taua katoa, whakaaro ahau, kore haere atu ki a ia.

- E noho ki - ahau e mea - ki te reinga "(" Aristocrat "kōrero!).

I roto i tenei mahi, tutuki te pānga kōmeke te kore anake e tika ana ki te plurality o kīanga, paru, me ngā puka, engari ano hoki e tika ana ki te meka e tu enei tauākī i roto i te clichés tuhituhi "parakore": "kai keke" me pera i runga i. Ka rite ki te hua, i hanga reira he whakaahua hinengaro o te painga mātauranga, te tangata kuiti-whakaaro, e tohe nei ki te mea maramarama. Ko ia te aronui hero Zoshchenko.

kupu reo

A he aha te reo, ngā kupu kīwaha? Hono ako reo ino Urban, ui maha iwi he pātai akiaki e pā ana ki tona tae rohe, e tika ana ki te mana o mita: mau te iti kōwhiringa i roto i runga i te raraunga o te metropolis kotahi hanga taea reira ki te whakarite ia ratou ki era atu pa rauemi, mo te tauira, Tambov, Omsk, Voronezh, Elista, Krasnoyarsk me na i runga i.

rohe tikanga i waenganui i ratou reo e, me te mita kupu te tino maha pēnei ki ngā hononga o mua ki piua reo motu, take ira kore e e tino tika i ētahi wā tātarihia rite te puna taketake o māramatanga o te reo rongonui awa mauriora.

Pūkenga A. I. Solzhenitsyna

Whakaae, i ētahi wā te whakamahi i kupu kīwaha homai te hua he tetahi ahurei. Reo, me te stylistic pūkenga A. I. Solzhenitsyna, tohua e te taketake faahiahia rata ana maha wetereo. Na titau te lēsoni o haunga pā ana ki reira etahi kaipānui ki te ako i te reo me te kāhua o te mahi o tenei kaituhi. Hei tauira, tona pūrākau "Kotahi Day i te Ivana Denisovicha" whakaatu te kotahitanga ā-me te rite, faka'ai'ai tika o tona hanganga whakarite, me te kōrero, i roto i nei i reira ko, rite kī e L. N. Tolstoy, "he tukanga ahurei mo te kupu taea anake," i te mea he tohu pono o te toi.

mea nui

Ko te tino nui mō te Solzhenitsyn kupu reo. "Tautapa" mahi a te kaituhi kaiahuwhenua, hanga ia te protagonist o tona pūrākau, kua whakahaere te kaituhi ki te hanga i tētahi aromatawai reo tino rereke, me te whakaputa o tona faaiteraa, kaha waho hoki katoa hoki te nāianei hōtuhi whai huatanga ki te kararehe tāwhito o "rongonui" kupu ka, e haereere ana i te pukapuka ki te tāpui ( patopato "nadys" "Aposetolo", "toku aroha," "koe titiro-Koch" me te rite).

Hoki te wahi tino tenei whakaahuatanga ta te hua kore i roto i ngā kupu ( "uhaydakatsya", "huka", "Khalabuda", "gunyavy"), a e tika ana ki te kupu-hanganga "obnevolyu", "nedotyka", "ukryvische", "udovolenny" "hohoro". Tenei ara o te tūhono ki te reo reo mara toi, rite ki te tikanga, fakaangá ko he aromatawai e whakaae rite whakaora i te herekore kōrero maheni o te whakapakoko, me te kupu.

kupu o te iwi

A me pehea ki te whakamahi i kupu kīwaha i roto i te kupu? I roto i te kōrero reo kaiahuwhenua hou me ngā kupu ratou reo e mai ia atu tata rāua. Na hoki i reira e, mea, kupu rite "horihori," "samodumka", "duhovity", "hao" ki tetahi korero ngā, me te mea ïa no te mea ka kite a ranei ranei e whakamahia ratou i roto i te whānui kore-tuhituhi ratou āhuatanga - mō te aromatawai reo Ivan e kore e Denisovich mea faufaa. He mea nui kia ki te awhina o rua te tuatahi, me te karanga tuarua o te hero e tango te tika stylistic-aronganui.

rongo tatou i runga i te tikanga ohaoha o whakakatakata, ora, free i ngāwari tono i roto i nga tau o mua tata nei i runga i ngā huarahi totohe paerewa kupu iwi hōhonu. Solzhenitsyn mohio reira me reira maitai kitea tupapaku iti hou.

Kia pehea te atu āhuatanga e kupu kīwaha? Tauira o te tono e taea arahi reira ake. Mea faahiahia te whakamahi o Shukhov "inihua" te ihoparau i roto i te hou "hākinakina-production" uara - ki te whakarite i te tika o te mahi ki te tiaki i te "Shukhov ... ki tetahi ringa te mauruuru, hohoro tonu te tango nedokurok, me te tuarua i te raro ki te inihua, kia rite kore ki te maturuturu."

Ranei whakamahi styazhonnoe tetahi o nga uara "kia" kupumahi e taea puta i roto i te rongonui mea tika inaianei, "kawea trafaretki tangata i te whawhai, a mai i reira haere, kua, me te ake me te ake waikano taua pato: wahi ngā wahi e kore e mahi ... ".

hoatu Knowledge o kīanga iwi Solzhenitsyn me wheako ora taimaha, me, o te akoranga, he moni mātātoa i roto i te ruānuku, te kipakipa ia ki te hamani kore anake, engari ano āta ki te tūhura i te reo Russian.