Marshal Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich: biography, tohu

Leonid Govorov ko tetahi o nga rangatira tino rongonui o te Pakanga II o te Ao. arahina e ia nga whawhai ki nga Tiamana puta noa te whenua, a i te 1944 tukua i mahi Karelia Finns. Hoki ana hua maha riro Govorov te taitara o Marshal o te Soviet Union.

tau wawe

whanau te Marshal o te Soviet Union Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich heke mai i Pepuere 22, 1897 i roto i te kawanatanga Vyatka - he kokonga mamao o te pea o te Russian Empire. Butyrka (tona kainga taketake) i mau pa porowini. Ko te tino rite ki te ora o tona hoa, tona tamarikitanga, me te kuao i roto i te Pakanga o te Ao Tuatahi, revolution me tivira ora Military.

puritia Childhood Leonid Govorov i Yelabuga, te wahi mahi tona papa rite te karaka. I roto i te 1916, puta tetahi tangata taitamariki i te kura hangarau, a tae noa tomo te mua Polytechnic Institute. Heoi, i roto i te taua Hakihea i tuhia e ia ki te ope. Ko te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, ka unu te te āhua i te muri o te rauemi tangata hou. I muri i te Hui-tanguru Revolution, riro Leonid Govorov te taitara hou. tutaki Rūtene i roto i te ope Russian i roto i Oketopa 1917. Haere mai ki te mana, hainatia nga mua he kawenata te rongo ki a Germany, a te nuinga o te hōia demobilized i. hoki Rūtene ki Yelabuga ki ngā mātua.

whawhai metarahi

I roto i te ngahuru tau 1918, piri Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich te Army White. I tenei wa, ko tona whenua Māori i raro i te mana o ngā kaitautoko o Kolchak. ka mau te rangatira wahi i roto i te ino puna o nga Whites. whawhai ia tata Ufa, Chelyabinsk me i Western Siberia. hohoro timata Kolchak ki hoki ano ia ki te rawhiti. I roto i te Whiringa 1919, whakarerea Govorov. I roto i te Hānuere, piri ia te 51th Infantry Division o te Army Whero.

He tutaki Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich tetahi Marshal heke mai - Vasiliem Blyuherom. I te 1919 i whakahau ia ki te rawa 51 th Infantry Division, a i roto i te tāmitanga Stalinist i koperea. I raro i te Blucher Govorov riro tona ope taua arata'iraa pū. I te whakamutunga wā o te Pakanga Civil, puta te rūtene heke mai i roto i Ukraine i reira tonu te rōpū nui whakamutunga o ātete ma. Ko te ope Wrangel. I roto i aua whawhai, riro 1920. Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich rua patunga - kotahi i raro i Kakhovka, ake i roto i te rohe Antonovka.

wā o te rangimarie

I muri i te otinga o te Pakanga Civil, ka haere Leonid Govorov ki te ora me te mahi i roto i Ukraine. I te tau 1923 ka whakaritea e ia rangatira o te pū o te 51 Infantry Division Perekopskaya. Tona mahi i muri i roto i te ope puta mā te whakarato whakangungu umanga. I te tau 1933 puta Govorov i ngā akoranga i te Frunze Military Academy. Otiia e kore e katoa i taua. Ako i te reo Tiamana, me te haere i te whakamātautau hāngai, ka ia he translator hōia. I te tau 1936 ka tomo te hōia te Academy hou whakatuwheratia o te General ngā kaimahi, me tata riro i mua i te ana'iraa o te rangatira ropu tinei. I puta ia i te whakangungu, ka anga ia e whakaako ana i te Artillery Academy ingoa i muri i Dzerzhinsky.

I roto i te tau 1940 i te whawhai ki a Finland. whakaritea Govorov i rangatira o ngā kaimahi o te pū i roto i te Ope 7. ka mau ia wahi i roto i te whawhai i runga i te Karelian Tāmaki. I te whakarite i te rangatira ropu pakaruhanga ārai Finnish Mannerheim Raina. I muri i te hainatanga o te rangimarie ko ia Meiha-Tianara o Artillery.

Ko te Pakanga nui Patriotic

I runga i te eve o te Pakanga nui Patriotic, whakaritea Leonid Govorov i upoko o te Artillery Academy ingoa i muri i Dzerzhinsky, e tata puta ia. Ka rite ki te ino Tiamana timata, i tonoa e ia ki te arahi i te pū o te mua Western. i ahau ki te mahi i roto i nga tikanga o te ina tīmata ana o te ope, te kore o te kōrero, me te blitzkrieg hoariri. Western puhipuhi mua ko kahore he okotahi ki tenei ture. E kore e te hepohepo i o te tuatahi nga marama o te whawhai whakaaetia ki te aukati i te Tiamana i roto i Peraruhia Ukraine ranei.

Hōngongoi 30 i te tikanga o Govorov uru te pū o te Rahui mua. ka anga Meiha-Tianara ki te whakarite ngā mahi ārai i runga i te tuaka pokapū o mua o te Wehrmacht. Ko ia te tangata e rite te aroraa i Yelnia. Mahuru 6 I tukua te pa. Ahakoa i rangitahi tenei angitu, kia pahemo te wa ia. E titi ana te Tiamana i roto i te rohe Smolensk mo rua nga marama, no te o nei i runga i nga waho o Moscow i te hotoke anake.

Whawhai e tata ana Moscow

I roto i te tīmatanga o Oketopa, ko ia ta i runga i te raina ārai Mozhaisk, te whakarite i tona hanganga. 15 te maha o whara Dmitry Lelyushenko ka mau ia whakahau o te 5 o Army Combined Arms. Te arataki takaro i roto i te whakarite o Georgy Zhukov, e hainatia fakatāutaha te tikanga hāngai. arahina tenei hanganga whawhai ārai toto e tata ana Borodino. Nuku 18 e tika ana ki te hoariri i matao mea i whakakikitia Bet e he reira e tika ana ki te waiho i te pa. inaianei tonu i taea e hua i roto i te taiao o te ope katoa. i hoatu Nau. whati Troops.

I roto i te tīmatanga o Noema, ka mau ake te 5 Army tūranga ārai i runga i nga waho o Moscow. ka haere mai te whawhai i konei mo ia kiromita. hōia Soviet tautokona e ngā pūrepo me anti-tank wae Screens. Noho i runga i nga waho o te whakapaipai, ka anga te Army Whero ki te faaineine i te counter-ino e tata ana Moscow. Whiringa 9, ka rūtene-whānui Leonid Govorov.

ka haere mai te taime faufaa roa i runga i Hakihea 1 ka wahia nga Tiamana i roto i te mua o te rohe e nohoia e te 5 Ope. rangatira Artillery fakatāutaha whakahaua te korero. Ko te hoariri i taea ki te neke 10 anake kiromita, ka i hohoro maturuturu iho. Hakihea 5 timata o te Soviet counter-ino i Moscow.

whakarite hou

I roto i te April 1942, i tuturu iho poto Leonid Govorov i o tikanga no te mea o te whawhai whakapeka o whēkau. I te matenga o ona Army 5 tu Ivan Fedyuninsky. April 25 ora ake riro Govorov he vāhenga hou. haere ana ia ki te mua Leningrad, i whakahaua e te rōpū whānui o ngā hōia Soviet (ngā reira te 55, 42th me te ope 23th). Te riroraa i roto i te wahi hou, Rūtene-Tianara ki ngā ngakau nui timata ana mau ohipa.

Ia i hanga i te wahanga Leningrad Artillery Corps, hangaia ki te whawhai counter-pūhiko. Nā ki te pēhanga o te rangatira i te mua tae me hou kauhoe rererangi hou. I runga i nga huarahi ki Leningrad Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich (1897-1955) i hanga kua ngā wāhi mara kaha hou e rima. Kua riro ratou wahi o te pūnaha o ngā rua tonu. i whakanohoia tika oti ratou ki mīhini-pū, me te pū matua. Hoki pai te tiaki o Leningrad rāhui mua i hanga e. Ta i roto i ona whakatau arahina e te wheako taonga putu i roto i te whawhai tata Moscow. Ko reira tino tahuri ki te hanga o te wae arai, ngā rōpū pūkoro me ētahi atu wae whakahaere.

timata Main pū Directorate o te Army Whero hoko i te pa ki te projectiles nui-ërä. tukua tenei ki te timata i te whakangaromanga o pākahiko whakapae o te hoariri, mahi te kino te nuinga ki ngā whare me te noho. a Govorov ki te whakaoti wā kotahi e rua tamataraa. I runga i te ringa kotahi, i ia ki te whakarite i te korero, me te whakaaro e pā ana ki whawhati te pā, ka meatia te tahi atu rangatira tona pai ki te āwhina i te iwi fiekaia o Leningrad.

ngana Army Whero ki peia nga Tiamana i te takiwa o rahua Leningrad. No te mea o tenei, Michael Khozin (rangatira mua) i tangohia o tona tari. I roto i tona wahi i whakaritea Leonid Govorov. Katoa i roto i te raumati o 1942, rite ia te rōpū whakahaere Neva me te ope 55 ki Sinyavskaya ino. Heoi, i roto i te ngahuru, ka reira mārama e te Army Soviet i roto i te rohe noa e kore e whai te kaha ki te ūkui i te huarahi ki Leningrad (ko te whāinga rautaki matua o te hui tenei). Oketopa 1, i whakahaua Govorov ki te unu ki o ratou tūranga taketake. I hanga te whakatau i tari matua i muri i te nui kōrero. Heoi, haere tonu "whawhai rohe". Na i roto i te pūrongo i huaina ratou mahi-tauine iti. kihai ratou i te huri i te āhuatanga i te mua, engari e kitea kakahu iho te hoariri mau i roto i te rua atu i to ratou whenua tupu. A, no te wehea Govorovo Leningrad ki rāngai. i ia o ratou he hoia tūturu. rōpū pakanga e i hanga e i roto i te wheketere, ngā ki matua.

Whakamātau ki te wahi i te pā

Artilleryman i te whakangungu, ko Govorov i te tikanga o te ope, i ngā o ngā hōia o momo taea katoa. Otiia kihai i tenei ārai hohoro ia te tiki ki te tārere o mea. i taea e ki te aromatawai hohoro te āhuatanga ia ka mohio i te ngakau te wāhi o te hōia Soviet me te Tiamana i runga i tetahi mua. tonu whakarongo Leonid Govorov tokanga ki ana kaiwhakahaere, kihai i aruaru ratou, ahakoa, a kihai i rite te verbiage kau. Ko ia he tangata o tino whaiaro whakahaere-, ka tono te taua i ētahi atu. I roto i Leningrad ka karanga nga tari matua o te huru taua faatura faatura. upoko rōpū (Zhdanov, Kuznetsov, ko Shtykov t. D.) Tukinotia ia ki te hopohopo.

I roto i te Hānuere 1943, ka oho ano te mua Leningrad. i pakaru January 18 pā mowhiti whakapaipai Northern. Hanga reira whakawhetai taea ki te rua counter-ru Volkhov (i raro i te whakahau o Kirilla Meretskova) me akina Leningrad (whakahau e Leonid Govorov). I wahia rōpū hoariri, a ka tutaki hōia Soviet tonga o te moana o Ladoga.

i mua i Ahakoa te pakaruhanga whakamutunga o te pā riro Govorov te ana'iraa o te kānara whānui. I roto i te raumati o 1943 te 67th Army, i whakahaua e ia ki, ka mau, wahi i roto i te mahi Ngā. Ko tōna misioni i ki whakapumautia mana i runga i te pereoo auahi Kirov tonga o te moana o Ladoga. Ki te i tukua kōrero i te Tiamana, e whai Leningrad hongere pono, me te watea o te kōrero ki te toenga o te whenua. Ko te whawhai taimaha. hōia Soviet tika ki kaimahi o ope kore i taea te mahi i nga mahi katoa, a noho tata tonu te ngahuru Ngā protrusion. Otiia, i mahi wa mo te Army Whero me te Wehrmacht raro uaua te whakanui ake.

Ko te whakaoranga o Leningrad

I roto i te hinga o 1943, ka timata taka hoki te Leningrad-Novgorod ino hou reiti. Whiringa 17, ka Leonid Govorov General o te Ope. I te timatanga o 1944, nga hoia i raro i tona kaiārahi whawhati i roto i nga parepare hoariri a tawhio noa Leningrad. I te January 27, he hōia Tiamana kē e pā ana ki te rau kiromita i te pa. I ara te pā ngā kōrero. I te taua ra i runga i mo o Govorov Stalin hoatu te tikanga ki te pupuri i te pahū i roto i te pa tukua.

Heoi, i te wa o te whakanui i te iti moka. Hohoro hoki mai ki ana mau ohipa, arahina Leonid Govorov hōia o te mua Leningrad i te aronga o Narva. I roto i te Hui-tanguru, whiti te Army Whero te awa. E te counteroffensive puna i whakanuia ake ki te 250 kiromita. I tukua te reira tata katoa o Leningrad, me pera me etahi tata Kalinin.

Whawhai ki nga Finns

i tonoa ki te raki mo te mahi Vyborg-Petrozavodsk Pipiri 10 ope mua. Ko te hoariri matua i roto i tenei aronga ko Finland. rapu nga Headquarters ki haere atu i te hoa whawhai o te Reich. tīmata mita mahi tinihanga nekeneke fakahāhaa'i. I runga i te eve o te maramarama Finnish aroturuki te pānga whakangungu i roto i te rohe Narva. Na, i te akina kua te kaipuke Soviet 21 Army i runga i te Karelian Tāmaki. Hoki te hoariri, ko tenei patu tetahi ohorere oti.

Ano, i mua i te tīmatanga o Govorov whakahau ki te whakahaere whakangungu pū, me te raupapa o aro rangi. Neke atu i te te tekau ra i muri mai, te ope o te mua Leningrad wahia i roto i toru ngā rārangi o te korero i roto i te wahi o te mua te Mannerheim Raina, i hanga i roto i te mahi. whai wāhi Leonid Govorov i te whawhai Soviet-Finnish o 1939-1940. mohio ia te rohe, me te rawa te ope o te hoariri.

Ko te mua tere o te Army Whero ko te whakaoranga o Vyborg Pipiri 20, 1944. E rua nga ra i te aroaro o taua, ka Leonid Govorov Marshal o te Soviet Union. ko Kapa he whakaata o te kaiaka hōia. ka mau ia wahi i roto i te faanahonahoraa o te maha o ngā mahi nui: ki te pei i te whakaeke o nga Tiamana i te timatanga o te whawhai, awhina te Moscow, Leningrad, ka wewete hopea whawhai ki nga Finns.

I muri i te faaho'iraa mai o te mana Soviet i Vyborg whawhai i whakawhitia ki te Karelian Tāmaki. He i tata katoa ope Finnish (60 mano iwi). I uaua te ino Soviet i te tiketike enei wahi. mōrearea Water, ngahere timera, kore o rori - pakanga iho tenei katoa te tuku o te whenua kaki. Koi nui haere te parekura o te Army Whero. I roto i tenei whakaaro, ka hoatu e Hōngongoi 12 Bet te tikanga ki te haere i runga i te ārai. tonu mua atu Karelian ope mua. I roto i te Mahuru, haere atu Finland i te whawhai, a piri nga Hoa '.

I roto i te paunga o te raumati me te ngahuru o 1944, whakawhanakehia Marshal Govorov ngā mahi i roto i te Estonia whakaoranga. I roto i te Oketopa, ruruku hoki ia i te mahi o ope patu i roto i te whakaoranga o Riga. Kia i whakawāteahia te whakapaipai o Latvia o nga Tiamana, i āraia nga toenga o nga ope Wehrmacht i te whenua Baltic i roto i Courland. tangohia te tukunga o tenei rōpū i Haratua 8, 1945.

i muri i te pakanga,

I roto i te rangimarie, ka timata Leonid Govorov ki noho te tūranga kaiārahi hōia rawa. Ko ia te rangatira o te Leningrad Military District, me te Commander o te Air Defence. I raro i tona kaiārahi, kua haere nga hōia i roto i te faaapîraa nui. I tua atu, riro te parahi patu hou (seti toa, missiles anti-rererangi, radars me pera i runga i. D.). hanga te whenua, kua he whakangungu rakau o kiia patua NATO ko US i roto i te puta Cold War.

I te tau 1952, i pōtitia te whakamutunga Stalinist XIX Congress o te CPSU, Leonid Govorov he mema kaitono o te Komiti Central. I te tau 1954 ka timata ia ki te whakakotahi i te pou o te rangatira o te Air Defence ko Tuarua Minita o Defence o te Soviet Union. hōtaka femo'uekina me te ahotea pānga tōraro te hauora o te kaiwhakahaere. Leonid Govorov, ka mate a Maehe 19, 1955 i te patunga i ia i runga i hararei i roto i Barvikha hōhipera.

I teie mahana, i roto i te kororia o Marshal ingoa waharoa i roto i nga pa nui o te mua USSR (Moscow, St Petersburg, Kiev, Odessa, Kirov, Donetsk, a na i runga i. D.). Kia tino tupato ki te poihere i te mahara o taua mea i roto i te Leningrad mua, me te tukua i roto i te ngā mahi whakahaeretia i raro i te arata'iraa o Govorov. I whare e rua i te ingoa whakatū papa me pāka i runga i te awa o Fontanka te i muri ia ia. I 1999 te patu ko rohe he tohu L. A. Govorovu.

hōnore

i haere tahi tau o te ara whawhai Leonid Alexandrovich i te momo o mētara me taitara hōnore. I roto i te 1921, i muri i rua patunga heke mai Marshal Govorov riro ia te Order o te Kara Whero. I kororia ia ki tenei tohu mo te toa me te itoito i roto i te mahi Perekop-ChONGARSKIJj ka hopea haere Wrangel ope te Crimea. I muri i te Soviet-Finnish riro War Govorov te Order o te Star Whero.

I roto i nga ra pouri o te Pakanga Patriotic nui, ka i whakaturia nga hōia Wehrmacht tata Moscow, e ko Leonid Aleksandrovich tetahi o nga kau taki o te korero o te whakapaipai. Whiringa 10, 1941, i runga i te mahana o te counteroffensive, riro ia te Order o Lenin. utu i muri tatari hoki ia i muri i whawhati i te pā o Leningrad. Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich, tona haurongo ko te haurongo o tetahi o nga rangatira faahiahia o te Pakanga II o te Ao, i riro te Distinguished Order o Suvorov tohu ahau.

i ia he ringa i roto i te maha angitu o te Army Whero i roto i te whakaoranga o te rohe o te USSR i nga hoia mahi o te Wehrmacht. Ko reira reira e kore e maere e te January 27, ka atu a Hero o te Soviet Union 1945 Marshal Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich. I roto i ana tohu hoki kua maha metara e e whakawhiwhia hoki te whakaoranga tiaki o nga pa nui ranei.

Haratua 31, 1945, i te wiki torutoru i muri i tukunga o Germany, i whakawhiwhia Govorov te Order o te "Victory". I roto i te oraraa katoa o te tohu he kororia taua 17 anake iwi, e, o te akoranga, fakamamafa'i te faufaa o te takoha a Leonid ki te hinga o te kau Nasí i te Pakanga II o te Ao whakawhiwhia. Ko reira taa'eraa e, i roto i te tua ki te Soviet, a ka riro ia tohu ke: te Order o te Rihiona o Whakahonoretia (France), me te Order American "Rihiona o Whakahonoretia".