Megacities me te wāhi tāone nui o te ao

hapori Modern, no te mea o maha tukanga ao riro ake me te ake täone. Na reira te pātai o te ako me te whakaahuatanga o nga pa, me agglomerations o neke atu i te e hāngai ana. E whakaahua ana te tuhinga i te wāhi tāone nui o te ao, me te te whakamāramatanga o te wā "agglomeration" te hoatu.

He aha te agglomeration

Te nuinga o mātauranga hou tautuhi te agglomeration rite te kukū nui o whakataunga, e he te nuinga tāone, me i roto i te wā rawa, me te mātauranga tuawhenua e kua ngā ki tetahi no o whanaunga ōhanga, tōrangapū, me te ahurea. Ko te wāhi tāone nui o te ao ka anga ki te tango i te āhua i roto i te rau tau waenganui-rua tekau, ka puta te tipu tāone nga wahi katoa. I roto i te rau tau XXI rahi tāone me te tonu i roto i te puka hou.

Ka taea te hanga e agglomeration a tawhio noa tetahi o te pa nui , ka huaina monocentric. He tauira o taua agglomerations he New York ko Paris. huaina te momo tuarua ko te wāhi tāone polycentric, e te tikanga e i roto i te wāhi tāone ngā maha ngā whakataunga nui, e, takitahi o tetahi ki tetahi, he pokapū. He tauira a Tūrongo o te wāhi tāone polycentric ko te rohe Ruhr i Germany.

Hoki 2005, ao i reira i pā ana ki 400 agglomerations, te tokomaha o te iwi i roto i ia o ratou nui 2 miriona. Ko te wāhi tāone nui o te mahere ao kei tika whakanoho, engari kitea te kukū rahi, kei roto i te ōhanga whenua whakawhanakehia. I roto i te nui rawa ngā wāhi tāone kotahi tekau o te ao i reira he neke atu i te 230 miriona iwi (he rota neke atu i te taupori o te Russian Federation).

Tokyo ko Yokohama

O te akoranga, te agglomeration nui - ko te whakapaipai o Hapani, Tokyo. Ko tōna taupori i tenei ra he tata ki te 38 miriona iwi, nui atu i te taupori o maha whenua Pākehā (Huiterangi, Poland, te Hōrana me ētahi atu). ōnā polycentric agglomeration me fakatahai nga pa e rua pokapū - Yokohama ko Tokyo, me te he tini o whakataunga iti. wāhi agglomeration Ko 13.5 mano km ^2.

Ko te pokapū o tenei wāhi tāone nui ngā o ngā wāhi tāone toru e kua kei huri noa te Imperial Palace i Tokyo. I tua atu, ko tonu te pa 20 takiwa, me te maha o ngā prefectures (Gunma, Kanagawa, Ibaraki, me ētahi atu). kei te huaina te hanganga katoa te Tokyo Greater.

London

I te kau i reira he maha whakamāramatanga o te rohe i roto i i kei te pa o London te. I roto ia ratou, Greater London, mataeinaa London me ara te London poutāpeta waea ranei takiwā. Scientists te tikanga wehe i roto i te hanganga rohe o pokapū o te whakapaipai Ingarangi hītori (City), Roto London (13 poraka pa), waho London (wāhi tawhito tapa). enei āhuatanga katoa te hanga i te hanganga rohe me te taupori, e kua te wāhi tāone nui i roto i te ao.

rohe whakahaere o te wāhi tāone London hipokina e pā ana ki 11 000 km ² ki te taupori o e pā ana ki 12 miriona te iwi. I roto i tenei rohe ngā ano te pa pee'utari pera-ka karanga a London: Bracknell, Harlow, Basildon, Crawley me etahi atu. A tika aua wāhi e e tata ki te pa whakapaipai, Essex, Surrey, Kent, Hertfordshire.

Paris

Administratively, te pa o Paris he anake te tetahi o nga tari i roto i te rohe Ile-de-France. Ko te whakapaipai he kopere e roa i raro ia waru tari katoa, kua whakatārewatia te wehenga whakahaere i tēnei wā. He ngä taone Paris ko te pokapū e whai te taua huru maitatai rite te wāhi tāone nui o te ao, me te agglomeration. I roto i te ngā, he maha nui o pa amiorangi, e kua hangaia, ka piri rite wawe rite te 1960 ki te pane Paris kua.

Construction o nga pa hou pera-ka karanga - rawa hanga i roto i Paris āmiorangi whakarewahia i roto i te karauna nui i roto i te tau 1960.

Paris rite te whakapaipai French ki te pa hou pera-ka karanga me puka karauna he agglomeration nui, te Paris Grand ranei. Ko te rohe o te metropolis ko 12 mano ^km2, me te taupori - neke atu i te 13 miriona te iwi. Ko Paris te wāhi tāone nui i roto i te mahere o Europe ao.

agglomeration Āhia

Aita i maoro a'e, tīmata ora ōhanga me te ahurea o te ao ki te riro i te tūranga o Ahia. Ko te whenua Āhia e hāngai hoki te wāhi tāone nui i roto i te ao. He tauira mārama ko te pa o Mumbai, te maha o nga tangata nui 22 miriona tangata o nei. Ranei te whakapaipai Filipaini o Manila he taupori o 20 miriona me Delhi ki 18 miriona tangata. I roto i Haina, pūkete te wāhi tāone hoki e pā ana ki 10% o te rohe o te whenua katoa. Ēnei megacities rite Shanghai (19 miriona) me Hong Kong (15 miriona tangata), he tauira pai o ngā tukanga tāone i roto i te Te Tai Rāwhiti.

Ko te kupu, i roto i te horopaki o te ao, me te tāone o nāianei, tupu pa nui, me te riro i te wāhi tāone, i roto i te ao kei te hoko atu me te ake.