Motu Solovetsky me ona wae. Me pēhea te ki te tiki ki te moutere o Solovetsky, aha ki te kite

Ko te wahi motuhake Solovetsky Islands. I runga i te tinomoutere iti i roto i te Moana White kua whakawhanakehia te matatini tūturu, ngā kōrero, me te ahurea ahurei, kahore he analogues i te ao. Ko te nui rawa, me te taonga i roto i wae ko te motu o Solovki, e hoki senituli mahi te ohu Solovetsky rongonui.

āhua

puta 9,000 tau ki muri te motu i roto i tetahi o nga wāhanga o te hanganga o te Moana White, i reira i muri i puta te rewa o kōpaka nui oneone faateiteiraa e vai. 2/3 o te rohe tinomoutere katoa ni'ai Bolshoi Solovetsky Island.

Kei tinomoutere te i roto i te rohe taiga. Tino picturesque me whenua momo o te motu: te maunga tiketike hoatu ara ki ngā roto, Marehekepa puawai - waimaori. hipoki 70% o te rohe e te ngahere, matua puruhi me te pine. Mō 5% o te rohe taka i runga i te complexes Tundra. Tundra voronichnye maroke angamaheni mō te rohe takutai wahi e aru ratou i te birch te pēne krivostvolnyh (birch awhiowhio te). I roto i te wahi pokapū o te motu i roto i te wahi o te topenga me te ahi puta birch me ngahere ngaueue. Meadows i runga i te takutai me te i roto i te pokapū o te motu e nohoia ana 0.1-0.2% o te rohe katoa, ā, e te āhuatanga e hanganga momo taonga o te wiwi otaota. Mō 15% o te motu kia ake te repo ki te predominance o taupae me momo tauwhirowhiro. he whānui o whenua ngā taua, te aroaro i runga i te rohe o e pā ana ki 300 kiromita tapawha, he tetahi o te āhuatanga māori tino mīharo o te tinomoutere Solovetsky.

I runga i te motu i reira e neke atu i te 550 ngā roto. rerekē ratou i roto i te rahi, te āhua, takenga, tae o te wai, engari he tino momona katoa.

Kei hea ko te Motu Solovetsky

tinomoutere Solovetsky arā, o ono motu nui me te neke atu i te rau iti, kei roto i te wahi uru o te moana White i roto i 290 km ki te raki-uru o te pa o Arkhangelsk, te pokapū o te rohe Arkhangelsk. Ko te rohe katoa o te motu, ko te 300 kiromita tapawha. ngā ratou motu rite:

• Solovetsky (Solovetsky nui) - 218,72 kiromita tapawha;
• Anzersky - 47.11 km²;
• Te nuinga Muksalma - 18,96 km²;
• Muksalma pāpaku - 1.2 kiromita tapawha;
• 3ayatsky Big - 1.25 kiromita tapawha;
• Iti Zayatsky - 1.1 km².

kōrero

haamata te aamu o te Motu Solovetsky ki te whanaketanga o te tangata i roto i te Late Mesolithic. Ko te BC III mano tau kitea mohoao me kaihao moana te moutere o Solovetsky, a ka anga o ratou whanaketanga, i roa noa te anotau Middle. kitea Solovki maha tohu o ratou mahi ōhanga-utilitarian me te karakia: neke atu i te 20 ngā whakataunga, puni me awheawhe, e wha wahi tapu i roto i ngā ki ngā wāhi tawhito, he rota o labyrinths kohatu kotahi, mano o tao'ao.

whai wāhi tangata tahito o Solovki i kararehe motuhake hopu moana me te roto motu me te ngahere kēmu, hī, me gatherers takutai, hanga taputapu kohatu. I roto i te mara o ngā pae kohinga kitea i pere, tao, hopu toki, kohatu punga, okouku, ahurei toki kōhao rongonui, me te tokomaha atu tūemi. whai wāhi te tangata tawhito o te tinomoutere i roto i te hanga o labyrinths kohatu, i hanga te wahi tapu.

Ko te turanga Stauropegial Solovetsky Monastery

ka motu Solovetsky whakaturia he wahi o te ohu whakapono i roto i te 30raa o te rau tau XV haere mai i Cyril o Belozersk me Valaam Monastery kuraina Savvatii, Germany me Zosima rite te noho o "Faaora e Chudotvortsa Nikolaya". I roto i te rau tau XV-XVI. āta tupu ohu, nga motu nui o te tinomoutere whiwhi i roto i tona kainga.

Na roto i te mutunga o te tīma rautau i te kuraina hanga i toru hahi rakau: whakaaro, St Nicholas me te Faahuru, maha ngā pūtau rakau me outbuildings, kopakia ana e te taiepa rakau.

Ko te kaha wairua o te Russian Te Tai Tokerau

I roto i te waenganui o te ohu whakapono XVI rau tomo te wā o whakarerekētanga ohaoha nui e pā ana ki te ingoa o Abbot Piripi (Kolycheva), reforomatio, kaihoahoa, ohanga hihiri me te pūmanawa. Here i roto i te 1550-1560-doma i kawea i roto i o te ara, engari i whakaturia te motu i te taha o B. Muksalma "iari waiu" ki hata, me te kararehe. Hei whakarato i te taupori o te wai ohu rere hono 52 Lake Solovetsky motu takere inu. Hoki te korero i roto i 1582-1594 gg. I whakaturia te reira i te taiepa kohatu ki pourewa me tatau. hanga Faaiteraa (kuwaha) Ekalesia i roto i 1596-1600 gg.

I roto i te rau tau XVII ki kia hanga e rite te whakahaere, ōhanga, wairua, hōia, pokapū tōrangapū, me te ahurea o te Moana White tonu ohu Solovetsky. I roto i te tenetere XVIII-XX. Ko ia tetahi o nga wahi o te whakarau, me te whare herehere o kaimahi kino tōrangapū.

te wā Soviet

I muri i te takanga o 1917 ka anga ki te hanga i tētahi Russia hou. mutu Solovetsky Islands ki hei te pokapū i te pae varua, a ka whakakorea te ohu whakapono. I roto i te April 1920, tīmataria te porowini Kōmihana Arkhangelsk te Kōawa o te taonga o te ohu whakapono. I whakaritea te reira e te Tari o Solovki motu, a i te wa taua pāmu whakaritea "Solovki", i roa noa 1923. E kore e te whakatū o te pāmu tikanga te whakakorenga o monasticism. Mō 200 kuraina i kaimahi harangotengote, i whakaritea e te hapori fakalotu, e te mātakitaki e te motu Tari o Solovki nei mahi.

Ko te tinomoutere he Kemi

Mai i 1923 ki te 1939 noho te motu me nga whare katoa o te ohu Solovetsky mua Solovki puni herehere NKVD (arewhana). Faanahohia i runga i te pūtake o Kholmogory, Pertominskogo ko Arkhangelsk, ko Solovki puni tetahi o te nui rawa i roto i Russia. ke te hanganga o nga herehere i roto i te SLON i ngā wā rerekē. I roto ia ratou nga māngai o te kāhui Russian, hahi, pūkenga, ngā rōpū tōrangapū katoa mua-pāhoro, āhuatanga taihara te hunga kua mau o take kāinga, māngai o ngā rōpū motu, me te tini ke atu.

I roto i te whakarau i tabulahia i roto i pūtaiao arewhana me toi, kaituhi, kaitito, aratai haapaoraa o Russia: ahorangi, tumu kōrero toi AE Anisimov, tumu kōrero ID Antsiferov ma'imi BA Artemyev, Ahorangi SA Askol'dov kōrero BB Bakhtin, te toi IE Braz, he uri o te Decembrists AB Bobrishchev-Dushkin, punake MN Crow, Pēhi nn Vinogradov, 0.B. kaituhi Bolkiah, tumu kōrero Herman Gordon, te punake AK Gorsky, academician DS Likhachev, tohunga, mataotao me te Taha'i DA Florensky me ētahi atu.

Mātanga o te matatini hītori, me te ahurea

Ensemble Cultural me Historic o nga Islands Solovetsky - tetahi o te ahua, ahurei i roto i te tapatahi, me te faaoti o ora rōpū ki reira, me complexes, wahi o te karakia, whare, korero, ōhanga, pūnaha wai hoki, whatunga ara me ngā pūnaha wharekarakia irrigation, me te wāhi whaipara, urupa, e whakaata ana ahurea tawhito me te wharekarakia motu domonastyrskuyu. E hāngai ana ratou i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te motu nui o te tinomoutere, engari fakasiokālafi me mua tuati-, kėia he kotahi, wehewehe katoa. Ko tōna wāhanga rerekē he wā katoa o te hītori o te tinomoutere me te Te Tai Tokerau Russian katoa.

Ko te wāhanga o te tinomoutere Solovetsky matatini mua, me te ahurea e:

• Ko te ohu-pa o rau tau XV-XX, He whakataunga Monastic mua o ngā rau tau XVI-XX, monasteries me koraha XVI-XX senituli...;
• motu wharau hauhake waipēhi me te irrigation pūnaha;
• Complexes "tapu-waka» III-ahau rautau BC B. Zayatsky Anzersky me motu;
• whare whakamaharatanga Groups Tūmahi Solovetsky puni 1923-1939 gg. i roto i te kainga, me te i te pae o te wheketere pereki;
• whenua Natural.

Center o matatini hītori, me te ahurea o te tinomoutere ko te ohu Solovetsky - he ensemble hoahoanga ahurei katoa. Ko tōna hanga ko te rahi, pūāhua takitahi kanapa faahiahia o whakaurunga maha, me te i te wa ano i te tapatahi o ona wahi katoa.

Ētahi wae

Whaipara tangata me urupa hoahoanga, e mohiotia pae hītori me ngā mīharo mo tata katoa o nga Motu Solovetsky. Kei mātanga tika o te tokanga makehe ki runga ki nga motu e whai ake nei:

• Anzersky: Tokotoru ohu (te XVII), Trinity Ekalesia (1880-1884), ko Korokota-Faasatauroraa skete (XIX).
• Big Zayatsky: Zayatsky ohu (a St. Andrew) (te XVI), toka Harbour, Stone Harbour (te XVI), Ekalesia o St. Anaru.
• Te nuinga Muksalma: Sergiev Hermitage (XVI), toka whaea, tūhono Muksalma ki te moutere o Solovetsky nui (XIX).

Flora

E home Labyrinths Solovetsky Islands ki te 500 ngā momo o ngā tipu. I roto i complexes tūturu-rohe he kaiao o tata, me te onge momo o tipu moutere. Ratou ako, tiaki me te whakareinga o te pūtaiao whai wāhi. Tae i runga i te motu, e hiahia ana koe ki te tango i te tiaki o te tipu rohe, i roto i te meka haea puawai rerekē e taea e te momo onge. I roto i te hiahia o te tiaki motuhake tipu e whai ake nei: Rhodiola rosea, Daphne noa, Platanthera bifolia, Orchis purepure, Dryopteris tane, orchis whanui-tatu, pine Siberian, girchovnik raki, lauzeleuriya recumbent, te pua, me te tahi atu moana Arctic.

wai takutai o te moana White - tetahi o te rohe poka Algoflora momona me tino hua (te wahi i reira e 160 ngā momo o te pükohu nöhanga).

ao kararehe

Ko te kararehe o te motu i te viivii ore o te tikanga o te Solovki tinomoutere me te raki wāhi e kore e rere ke i te momo nui o whāngote. puta E rua o ratou momo konei whakawhetai tangata. Tenei renitia, kawea ki te motu i roto i te rau tau XVI, me te muskrat, i puta i konei i roto i te 1920.

Taonga i roto i te maha o ngā momo o avifauna o motu. Manu i runga i Solovki tuhia tata 200 momo. I roto ia ratou i reira e "Book Whero": ekara ma-tailed, ahipare, shelduck noa, he mutunga mate. O te moni tino ko tetahi o koroni nui o Europe o tara Arctic me koroni nui o Russia o karoro broody. Ko te kanorau rahi o ngā momo tohaina Solovetsky Island.

O whāngote i roto i nga wai takutai o noa te hiri marae, tohora beluga, pāhau, me te hapa kekeno. I runga i te rohe o te motu o Anzer matuatanga kitea papatipu o pakihau me te wahi ki te hauauru o te Big Solovetsky moutere oreore kau o tohorā ma o runga ki te maha rau takitahi.

ecotourism

Ko te tinomoutere o nui te pānga mō te iwi e aroha ana ki te natura. Ehara i anake hoki te toro i te ohu rongonui o tūruhi haere mai ki te moutere o Solovetsky. wae tika o te aro hoki Nature. Koinei tukua whenua rerekē i roto i te wāhi kiato ki te taihaere i roto i te ngahere, oaoa i te ataahua o Marehekepa matomato me ngā roto, mau kararehe.

whanga Unique o te tinomoutere. Ataahua, ki maha moutere iti ko roa Bay he tinana ahurei o te wai, nohoia nei e Tuhinga momo Arctic o hātaretare, e tohu ana hauropi tata kati. Ataahua Tokotoru Bay, tata dissecans hawhe Anzersky motu.

Ko te āhua o te tinomoutere Solovetsky he uara tino ao, no te mea whakaata reira te taketake wā pou-glacial o te hītori arowhenua o te Te Tai Tokerau, te hītori o te pāhekoheko tangata ngā nga whenua auheke, me te ko te noho hoki momo onge o manu me koroni manu nui. People ngākau nui i runga i te natura whaea, Kei te tino tūtohutia reira ki te haere ki te moutere o Solovetsky.

Me pēhea te ki te tiki ki Solovki hotoke

aronga o te ara, tei runga i te ähua pähekeheke o te rangi, me nga taima. I roto i te hotoke, ko te tino iti te kaupapa, i reira tūruhi mua i runga i te motu, ko te anake i hau i Arkhangelsk:

• rererangi rererangi "Air Nord" (AN-24) rere i «Talagi» Airport i Rātū me Sāpaté. wā rere - 45 meneti.
• Mai i te rererangi "Vaskovo" Paraire te kamupene mahi rerenga "2 AOAO" (L-410).

Me pēhea te ki te tiki ki te motu i roto i te raumati

Ki te pai ake te tau huarere o kōwhiringa ki te haere ki te piki Solovetsky Islands tino. Me pēhea te ki te tiki ki te tinomoutere i roto i te puna me te ngahuru te titiro. I tua atu ki ngā rerenga i Arkhangelsk, tuwhera, me ngā ara o Karelia i tenei wa.

Mai i ki nga rohe haere ki Arkhangelsk tūtohutia e te rererangi tereina ranei. No te waka ka waiho rori rohe he wero tūturu. Ka rite ki i roto i te hotoke, ki Solovki, ka taea e te tiki e koe rangi. kawea Tiket i «Talagi» Airport (NordAvia) i roto i runga i Tūrei, Rāhoroi me Sāpaté. Mai i "Vaskovo" (AOAO 2) - i runga i ngā Rāhina, Wednesdays, Rāmere me Rāhoroi.

Ko te ara tino whaiāipo - ko ki te tiki poti i runga i te moutere o Solovetsky i te pa Karelian o Belomorsk me kem. I roto i ngā wāhanga o Moscow me St. Petersburg i roto i te pa e taea te tae i te tereina Murmansk. Mai i te tauranga Rabocheostrovsk (kem) kaipuke rere ia ki Solovki "Blizzard" me "Vasiliy Kosyakov". kaipuke "Hapaira" haere i Belomorsk. haereere ano nga motu "wakatono awa" - poti iti e kawea manene me tūruhi takitahi. tango Aircraft me poti pāhihi ki te motu matua - Solovetsky.