Pūnaha paerewa haumaru mahi

Ētahi take matua ki te kia whakaaro mo te ako o te kaupapa:

- He aha te mea te hauora me te haumaru, e tuhinga i roto i tenei rohe ko taketake?

- He aha te mea te paerewa kāwanatanga me te ma'u o paerewa, he aha te mea te mana o enei tuhinga?

- Ka rite ki te pūnaha tiaki mahi kitea i roto i enei paerewa?

Reipa Code o te Russian, atu ïa, te tekau o tona pene, regulates mahi, me te puta i runga i te kaupapa o to ratou hononga ki te kaimahi me te kaitukumahi i te mara o te haumaru mahi. Tuhinga 209 o tenei ture, tangohia i roto i te 2001, ko te whakamāramatanga o te haumaru mahi rite te pūnaha o mehua, tae atu ture, whakanohonoho, parukore, pāpori, whakahaere, āhuatanga ohaoha, hangarau me te ārai, i te mea te tiaki o te whāinga (i roto i te mahi o taunahatanga) hauora me te ora o te whakahaere. Ko, i roto i tēnei wāhanga o te Code Reipa whakatakotoria atu te parau tumu taketake o whanaunga mahi me te ture.

pūnaha tiaki mahi, i runga i te tahi atu te ringa, i reira ko te whānuitanga o ngā tuhinga hanganga ture, me te ture. whakahaere i ratou i te,, mehua pāpori parukore ōhanga, hangarau, whakahaere, me te ārai, tikanga hangarau, me ngā tikanga e kua tikanga ki te whakarite i te haumaru o te whakahaere kaimahi o tikanga mahi. Hoki ratou hononga i waenganui i te pūnaha whakawhanakehia o paerewa haumaru mahi Occupational Standards Safety. nga wāhanga katoa o tona whāinga ki te whakarite haumaru, i tenei ra i te mana o te he halá (GOST mo te whenua Kihi) ranei āhua (GOST R - a Russia) paerewa. E tāutuhia ratou uara (ranei i muri GOST GOST P) o 12 ki te wāhi.

I runga i te rohe o te Soviet Union ano i te pūnaha o ngā paerewa haumaru mahi ki te waehere ārepa "Paerewa 12", e tēnei wā mau kaha ture i runga i te rohe o te whenua Kihi 12 (mua lepupilika Soviet katoa anake te Baltic). I muri i te hanganga o āhua motuhake whakaaetia i roto i te whanaketanga o te IGU te ki te whakawhanake i ngā paerewa motu (mo to tatou whenua - ko te GOST R), e kia kia tika te rotai ki te whakapai kanohi ki manuhiri he halá. I roto i ngā wā Soviet reira ko he ma'u o paerewa katoa ki waehere ārepa (te nuinga o te tuhinga tāutuhia i roto i ngā wāhanga tohua te tātai reta Russian 19). Mai Oketopa 2000, i whakakapi ia e te ma'u katoa-Russian o paerewa, hanga i roto i te runga ki te International Paerewa Whakarōpū ISO.

Ki te i roto i nga wa Soviet, ka hei manuhiri katoa whai hua i roto i o ratou mara mahi, te ture № 184-FZ whakarato hoki mahi herea o ture hangarau me paerewa kāwanatanga i roto i Mahuru whakamutunga tau tono noa. Heoi, e kore e tenei ture, kia rite ki kī i te paratarafa 4 o te Ūpoko 1 whakahaere whanaunga ture i roto i ngā take e pā ana ki te haumaru mahi. Na reira, paerewa motu, e ngā te pūnaha o ngā paerewa haumaru mahi kei roto i te matua mahi normative ture, i whakatakotoria i roto i nga whakaritenga o te kāwanatanga i roto i te mara o te haumaru mahi, me te hauora. hāngai ana Ia o ratou te i te whakarato taurangi tohutohu i roto i te Tefito 7 me 37 o te Ture.

Kei te wehea te pūnaha katoa o ngā paerewa haumaru ki pūnaha ono whakahaere (denoted e tau mai i te 0 ki te 5), me te toru hoki-ake (6 ki te 9). Ki te kore pūnaha ngā tuhinga o whakahaere, me te raupapa āhua. Kei te tuatahi o nga paerewa e whakahaere i nga whakaritenga mo te kino, me ngā āhuatanga production kino. E whakatakoto ana te pūnaha tuarua o nga tikanga haumaru me ara o hoahoa, hanga, me te mahi o te hanga taputapu, me te tuatoru - te haumaru o ngā tukanga ahumahi. hāngai te wha te pūnaha te i whakarite i te haumaru o kaimahi e tika ana ki te whakamahi o te tikanga paerewa o te tiaki. Ko te tuarima ngā nga paerewa haumaru o ngā whare me ngā hanganga.

Kore ki te ū ki tetahi tuhinga, e ngā te pūnaha o ngā paerewa hauora me te haumaru (kaituku kaimahi ranei), ko te takahi o te Code Reipa o te whenua.