Rererangi o te Pakanga II o te Ao: Soviet, American, Ingarihi, Tiamana

I runga i te mua, a muri o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao whakahaeretia matou pinepine o rererangi. I ratou katoa rerekē ngā āhuatanga hangarau, engari ko reira rite nui mo o ratou ope. E pupuri ana maha ngā mahi whenua ka taea ranei tino uaua, kahore poma ngā taumata rautaki o te hoariri.

"Heinkel"

Ko tētahi o te Heinkel ia ko nga rererangi Luftwaffe matua me te nuinga noa 111. I katoa i reira i 7,600 taua mihini. Etahi o ratou i whakarerekētanga me Torpedo whakaeke rererangi. timata History o te kaupapa ki te meka e Ernest Heinkel (rongonui rererangi Tiamana) faaoti ki te hanga i te rererangi pāhihi tere i roto i te ao. Ko na hao te whakaaro e ona taunu e pā ana ki te āhua o te kaiārahi tōrangapū hou o Nasí Germany, me te ngaio ahumahi. Heoi, i tino Heinkel. i whakahau ano ia te hoahoa o te mīhini Günter teina.

Ko rite te tauira tuatahi i roto i te 1932. whakahaere ia ki whiua te pūkete ka-tere i roto i te rangi, i reira ko te angitu whakakorekore tuatahi kaupapa nanakia. Otiia kihai i te Heinkel ia 111 e, engari anake i tona mua. i hiahia i roto i te ope rererangi pāhihi. Māngai o te Luftwaffe i hanga te tīmatanga o te hanganga o te whakarerekētanga hōia. i rererangi haukāinga, ki te tahuri i roto i te taua nohopuku, engari i te wa ano i te bomber whakamate.

mahue nga waka whawhai tuatahi ratou hangars i roto i te Spanish Civil War. riro Aircraft te Rihiona "Condor". Ko nga hua o to ratou tono tutaki te kaiārahi Nasí. I haere tonu te kaupapa. I muri mai Heinkel ia 111 whakamahia i runga i te mua Western. Ko reira i roto i te Blitzkrieg i France. He maha rererangi hoariri o te Pakanga II o te Ao i hoatu ara ki te rererangi Tiamana i roto i te ngā. Tona tere nui tukua ki mau i te hoariri, me te pare whai. Bombings matua kitea ki airfields me ētahi atu whakaurunga rautaki nui i roto i France. tukua tautoko rangi kaha nga Wehrmacht ki te mahi tōtika i runga i te whenua. hanga rererangi Tiamana he wāhi nui ki te angitu o Nasí Germany i roto i te wāhanga tuatahi o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao.

"Junkers"

I te tau 1940 Heinkel timata āta whakakapi e atu hou Junkers Ju 88 ( "Junkers Ju-88"). 15,000 o enei tauira i hanga mo te wā o te mahi kaha. Ratou indispensability ko rehe. Ka rite ki te tikanga, te tikanga nga rererangi o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao i hoki te whakaaro motuhake - te poma o ngā taumata whenua. Ki te "Junkers" mea katoa i rerekē. I whakamahia te reira i rite te bomber, tōkiri rererangi, reconnaissance me te toa po.

Ka rite i roto i tona wa "Heinkel" whakaturia tenei rererangi he record tere hou, pa tonu 580 kiromita ia haora. Heoi, tīmata te mutunga rawa hanga o "Junkers". Ka rite ki te hua, ka i rite ki te tika 12 waka te whawhai. Na reira, i te wāhanga tuatahi o te Luftwaffe whakamahia matua Heinkel. I roto i te tau 1940, te ahumahi hōia Tiamana, i te pae hopea hua rererangi hou nui. tīmata te kaipuke hurihanga.

Ko te whakamātautau nui tuatahi mō te Ju 88 timata i roto i te pakanga o Ingarangi. I roto i te raumati, me te ngahuru o 1940 tamata te rererangi Tiamana pakeke ki te hopu i te rangi ki runga ki Ingarangi, i tupitahia me hinonga i te pa. Ju 88 He wāhi matua i roto i tenei mahi. Kua whakaaetia e te wheako Ingarangi nga kaihoahoa German ki te hanga i te maha whakarerekētanga o te tauira, i ia ki te whakaiti i tona whakaraeraetanga. muri eke pū mīhini me te patu pailati hou i whakakapi.

Na roto i te mutunga o te pakanga o Ingarangi riro te Luftwaffe he whakarerekētanga hou, kua he pūkaha atu kaha. Tenei "Junkers" ka whakakahoretia o nga tōnounou mua katoa a ka te rererangi Tiamana tino paoro. Tata ki Kua puta ke rererangi katoa o te Pakanga II o te Ao, puta noa i te pakanga. I whakakahoretia ratou o e whakahoutia, ka riro ngā āhuatanga hou nga āhuatanga anō. Ko te taua whakarau me Ju 88. Mai te timatanga o te mahi kua ratou whakamahia rite te bomber ruku, otiia kihai i taea e te Airframe rawa nui pikaunga, whakaratohia ki te taua aratau poma mau. Na reira, i roto i te 1943, i puta ke ahua i te tauira, me tona hōkai. I muri i tenei whakarerekētanga, i taea ki te tautuhi anō i te anga i te koki o 45 nga nekehanga nga kaiurungi.

"Kurumetometo"

I roto i te raupapa o te rererangi Soviet "Pe-2" Ko te tino rongonui, noa (hua e pā ana ki 11 000 wae). "Kurumetometo" huaina ko te Army Whero. Ko te bomber māhanga-engine matarohia, hangaia e hāngai ana i runga i te tauira "VA-100". Ko te whati tuatahi o te rererangi hou hanga i roto i te Hakihea 1939.

E ai ki te whakarōpū o te hoahoa, "Pe-2" no ki te nizkoplanam iti-parirau. I wehea te takere ki toru compartments. Te fare noho kaiwhakatere me pairati. Ko noa te wahi waenganui o te takere. I i hangaia te fare hiku mo te shooter, mahi hoki rite te mahi kaiwhakahaere reo irirangi. Kua riro te tauira te motokā nui - he rererangi katoa o te Pakanga II o te Ao i roto i te hiahia o te koki mātakitaki whānui. Tenei rererangi Ko te tuatahi i roto i te Soviet Union riro te mana hiko o ngā tikanga. Ko te wheako ko te whakamātautau, i te mea he aha te pūnaha he maha huakore. No te mea o enei mīhini e maha ngingiha noa e tika ki te whakapā o muramura me kohu penehīni.

Ka rite ki te maha atu rererangi Soviet o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, i roto i te German ino "Pawns" e fehangahangai tatou ki maha tamataraa. i rokohanga hoki te whawhai ohorere mārama te ope. I roto i nga ra tuatahi o Operation "Barbarossa", i waiho i raro maha rererangi ki te whakaeke i te rererangi hoariri, me te taputapu, e te rongoa ngaro i roto i te hangar i noa i mua i ratou wa ki te hanga i te iti rawa kia kotahi wahoo. e kore te "Pe-2" whakamahia tonu hoki tona whakaaro e tūmanakohia ana (arā, kia rite ki te ruku-rererangi). Kei te maha whakahaeretia ēnei rererangi i roto i te rōpū. I roto i taua ngā mahi mutu te poma ki te waiho i te wāhi me te whiwhi unsighted ka rēhitatia te whakahau o te poma i te "ariki" waka. I roto i te tuatahi o nga marama o te whawhai, "Pe-2" ngā ruku. I hono te reira ki te kore o ngā kaimahi ngaio. Anake i muri i tangohia e te taritari kura rere i roto i te maha o ngā ngaru, i taea e ki te whakakite i tona pūmanawa tonu te manureva.

Bomber Pavla Suhova

Ko iti noa te tahi atu rererangi - "Su-2." ka whakanuia e ia e te utu tiketike, engari i te wa ano, me te hangarau matatau ki te hanga. Ko te kore noa i te bomber Soviet, engari te whakawhetai ki te koki mātakitaki pai, me te spotter pū. Aircraft Paora maroke tutuki e te whakanui ake i te whakawhiti tauira tere ki te pōma whakatārewatanga roto, kei roto i te takere.

Ka rite ki rererangi katoa o te Pakanga II o te Ao, "Su" ite te mau haafifiraa katoa o ngā wā uaua. E ai ki te whakaaro o Sukhoi rererangi i tino hanga i whakarewa. Heoi, i reira ko te kaimahi whakapeka o konumohe. Hoki tenei take, e kore i whakatinana te kaupapa hao.

"Su-2" he ake pono i roto i rite ki ētahi atu rererangi hōia Soviet. Hei tauira, kawea e pā ana ki 5000 putaputa i roto i roto i 1941, ngaro te Air Force 222 rererangi (ko reira e pā ana ki tetahi mate i roto i te misioni 22). Ko te reira i te tohu pai o te Soviet. I te ngaronga kawenga toharite moni ki tetahi rererangi, me 14 haerenga, i te mea 1.6 wā atu pea.

ngā te waka o te iwi e rua. He rite ki te 910 kiromita, me te tere i roto i te rangi i te whānuitanga mōrahi - 486 kiromita ia haora. Te mana nekeneke iti ko 1330 horsepower. Ko te hītori o te whakamahi o "pihikete", ko te take ki ētahi atu tauira rite, he ki tonu i te tauira o nga mahi o te Army Whero. Hei tauira, i hanga Mahuru 12, 1941 te pairati Elena Zelenko ramming rererangi hoariri "ahau-109", ia hau te reira o ona parirau. Pilot patua, me te kaiwhakatere pana i runga i tona tikanga. Ko reira anake te take o te hipi toa wawahi i runga i te mohiotia "Su-2."

"IL-4"

I 1939, i reira i roa-whānui rererangi, e hanga he koha nui ki te wikitoria Soviet runga Tiamana i roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic. Ko te "IL-4", whakawhanakehia i raro i te kaiārahi o Sergei Ilyushin OKB-240. I mohiotia te reira i te tuatahi rite "DB-3." Kia whakaritea te rererangi i "IL-4" i roto i te Maehe 1942, i noho i roto i te hītori.

Model "DB-3" he maha o ngaahi tōnounou e taea riro mate i roto i te whawhai ki te hoariri kua. I roto i ngā, i tukua e te rererangi turuturu wahie me kapiti i roto i te tank wahie, kore o te pūnaha braking, tahuhu kākahu, me te pera i runga i. D. I tenei mīhini, nga kaiurungi, ahakoa o ratou whakangungu ko te tino uaua ki te pupuri i te akoranga te wakarererangi i roto i ara ki te rangi. wero Serious mō "DB-3" riro te Winter War. whakahaere Finns ki te kitea te mīhini "mate" rohe.

timata te ako o ngā hapa i muri i te otinga o te pakanga. Ahakoa kahore he te tere takoha o akatuke'anga rererangi, ki te timatanga o te Pakanga nui Patriotic nga mea katoa-hou "IL-4" i tohungia i te āhuatanga o te tauira o mua. I roto i te wāhanga tuatahi o te ino German, ka hohoro whakatahia wheketere ārai ki te Te Tai Rāwhiti, tino heke te kounga o ngā hua (tae atu rererangi). E kore te mīhini i whai he Autopilot, ahakoa te meka e tonu whakakiia ia ki runga i te pareparenga ranei, e atiutiu. I tua atu, riro te rererangi Soviet carburetors hapa,, no te mea o nei i reira he ururua nui o wahie, a no reira whakaiti i te roanga o te rere.

i muri anake i te pakaruhanga i roto i te kounga o te whawhai "IL-4" I kite he pai ake. I whakahaerehia tēnei e te ahumahi fakafoki mai, me te te whakatinanatanga o Engineers koko rererangi hou me kaihoahoa. Āta, "IL-4" Kua riro te bomber roa-whānui Soviet nui. rere te reira i te kaiurungi rongonui me Heroes o te Soviet Union Vladimir Vyazovsky Dmitry Barashev, Vladimir Borisov, Nikolai Gastello, etc ...

"Battle"

I te mutunga o nga 1930. Kua hangaia Fairey Aviation Company te waka rererangi hou. Ko ratou rererangi kotahi-engined whakamahia i roto i te Air Force o Britain nui me Belgium. hanga kaihanga Tapeke neke atu i rua mano o enei tauira. whakamahia Fairey Battle i anake i roto i te wā tuatahi o te whawhai. I muri kua whakaaturia te wa ona koretake i rite ki nga rererangi Tiamana, ka mawehe atu te rererangi i te mua. I muri mai i whakamahia ai rite te rererangi whakangungu.

Ko te āhuatanga matua o te tauira, ko: puhoi, whāiti i roto i ngā, me te whakaraerae ki anti-rererangi ahi. Ko ngā haamou te āhuatanga o muri. patototanga Battle te nuinga atu tauira. Otiia, he reira kua riro te rererangi o tenei tauira te wikitoria tuatahi UK tohu i roto i te rangi i roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao.

whakaturia kaingārahu, (rite poma kawenga) 450 kg - te tikanga kua uru reira o wha poma taikaha 113-kg. puritia anga i runga i whakaara waipēhi, retractable parirau i te motuhake. I roto i hinga i roto i te pao (anake mo te poma i roto i te ruku) tautuhi wā poma. I te mana te titiro i te kaiwhakatere, kei roto i te vahi pailati mo heamana o te pairati. Aircraft rākau o te riri ārai pū mīhini ngā "Browning", ko wai i roto i te parirau matau o te motokā, me te he pū mīhini "Vickers" i roto i te vahi pailati muri. ko Popularity rererangi tika ki tetahi atu meka nui - ko ia rawa ngāwari ki te hapai i. Mai i te whakamätau i tāia ki te iwi ki te haora rere iti.

"Ope"

nohoia e te Ameliká te wāhi o te reo rererangi mahanga-engine Martin B-26 ope. Ko te rererangi tuatahi o tenei raupapa i roto i te rangi mo te wa tuatahi i roto i Noema 1940, i runga i te mahana o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. I muri e rave rahi marama o te mahi o te tuatahi B-26 puta VB-26B whakarerekē. riro ia te tiaki patu whakarei, patu hou. parirau rererangi nui ake. mahi tenei i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i te tere e hiahiatia ana mō te taunga. Ētahi atu whakarerekētanga rerekē nui haere koki o te whakaeke te wakarererangi, me te pai ake ngā āhuatanga. I roto i te katoa mō te tau o te mahi kua whakaputaina reira nui atu i te 5,000 rererangi o tenei tauira.

Ko te whakahaeretanga o whawhai tuatahi "taua pahua" ka mau wahi i roto i April 1942 i roto i te rangi o Nūkini. I muri, 500 o enei rererangi i rere ki te UK mō te hōtaka moni-Rīhi. He maha nui o ratou mahi i roto i te whawhai i roto i Te Tai Tokerau Africa me te Mediterranean. hanga B-26 tona tuatahi i roto i te rohe mahi nui hou. E waru nga ra i roto i te rarangi i te poma o ngā hōia Tiamana, me te Itari tata te pa Tunisian o Sousse. I roto i te raumati o 1943, ka mau te taua B-26 wahi i roto i te marau i runga i Roma. poma Aircraft airfields me Junctions tereina, hei he nui ki te hanganga o nga kau Nasí.

Nā ki ona waka American angitu whakamahia piki i roto i te tono. I roto i te mutunga o 1944, whai wāhi ratou i roto i repelling te counteroffensive Tiamana i roto i Ardenniskih maunga. I roto i enei whawhai e mura i ngaro 60 B-26. kihai i taea tenei mate ki te kite, kia rite ki nga Ameliká tukua ki Europe, ake me te ake o ratou rererangi. I muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, "taua pahua" hoatu ara ki te atu hou "Douglas» (A-26).

"Mitchell"

Ko tētahi atu bomber reo American ko te B-25 Mitchell. Ko te rererangi mahanga-engine ki taputapu Tricycle taunga kei roto i te wehenga mua o te takere me te kawenga poma o 544 manokaramu. Ka rite ki te patu ārai "Mitchell" ka he pū mīhini reo-ërä. i tū ratou i roto i te hiku, me te ihu o te waka rererangi, me te ana matapihi motuhake.

hanga te tauira tuatahi i roto i 1939 i roto i te Inglewood. Movement o te mana pūkaha rererangi whakaratohia e rua 1,100 horsepower ia (i muri mai whakakapi ratou e atu kaha). hainatia tētahi tikanga mo te hanga o "Mitchell" i i roto i Mahuru 1939. I roto i te torutoru noa marama, kua hanga tohunga etahi huringa ki te hanganga rererangi. Kua Kua tino waihanga te reira i tona fare - inaianei ka taea e taraiwa e rua noho i roto i te pā tata ki tahi i te tahi. Ko te tauira tuatahi o nga parirau he i runga i te tihi o te takere. Kia oti, i whakakorikoria ratou paku raro - i roto i te waenganui.

I roto i te hoahoa rererangi, i whakaurua tāke wahie taatiraa hou. Ko te waka whiwhi tiaki whakarei - atu pereti patu. ka mohiotia taua rererangi rite puka B-25A. ka mau enei rererangi wahi i roto i te whawhai tino tuatahi ki nga Japanese i muri i te whakapuakanga o te whawhai. ko Model ki te pourewa mīhini-pū i te B-25B. E whakahaeretia patu e te hou rawa i te wa o te puku hiko. i tonoa B-25B ki Ahitereiria. I tua atu, he haamana'oraa o te huaki i runga i Tokyo i 1942 ratou. "Mitchells" hokona Army o te Netherlands, engari i fakahohaasi tenei tikanga. Heoi, tonu haere noa atu te rererangi - i roto i te UK me te USSR.

"Havok"

rererangi American Easy Douglas A-20 te kaitukino rererangi ko te wahi o te utuafare, ano nei ngā te whakaeke whenua, me te toa po. I roto i te mīhini whawhai o tenei tauira puta i roto i te maha o nga mano, tae atu i te Ingarangi me tae noa te Soviet. riro rererangi te ingoa Ingarihi te kaitukino ( "te kaitukino"), t. E. "pahua".

I whakahau te māngai tuatahi o tenei hapu e te US Army Air Corps i te puna o 1939. kua he engines turbocharged nei mana ko 1700 horsepower te tauira hou. Heoi, whakakitea te mahi i te matao o ratou me ngā raruraru tika. Na reira, whakaputaina katoa rererangi e wha i roto i te whirihoranga taua. Ko te mīhini e whai ake nei i engines hou (kahore Turbo). I te pae hopea, i roto i te puna o 1941 riro te Air Corps ona rite-rererangi A-20 tuatahi. ngā Ko tōna rākau o te riri o pū mīhini wha eke i roto i takirua i te ihu o te mīhini. Ko te rererangi i taea ki te whakamahi i te whānuitanga o ngā anga. Kua hoki a ia whakaputa 11-kirokaramu poma hekerangi wehewehenga. I roto i te 1942, kua puta tenei tauira whakarerekē Gunship. I ia te pailati whakarerekētia. He wahi e mahi kaikuru, kua whakakapia e te pākahiko o wha pū.

I roto i te 1940. Kua whakahaua US Army te mano atu A-20e. puta whakarerekē New i muri i whakaritea e te reira ki te whakarato i te "te kaitukino" atu kaha ringa iti, tae atu atu pū mīhini taimaha. i tonoa 2/3 o te rōpū ki te Soviet Union mo te hōtaka moni-Rīhi, i te era noho i roto i te mahi US. Te nuinga whakarereke papatipu ko te A-20G. I tukua te reira tata e toru mano o enei rererangi.

tono nui mō "te kaitukino" ki te rohe utaina otaota o "Douglas". Ko tōna ārahitanga ara whakawhiti i te raihana mo te hanga o "Boeing" ki te mua taea te tiki rite maha rererangi rite taea. Mīhini whakaputaina e tenei kamupene, riro atu taputapu hiko.

"Waeroa"

Ki te ringa rehe e taea e De Havilland Mosquito i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao totohe anake te Tiamana Ju-88. Kua whakahaere kaihoahoa Ingarangi ki te hanga i te bomber, e te mea e tika ana ki te kore te tona tere tiketike e hiahiatia ana i roto i te ringa paruru.

E kore taea te manureva tiki ki production kihai i hoki noa taumanutia te kaupapa ki te mate e te rangatira. whakaputaina nga Momo tuatahi i roto i te iti putanga o 50 waka. I muri i taua, mutu rererangi production noa rite nui rite toru nga wa hoki ngā take. Anake whakahaere vilitakí "Ford Motors" kamupene i hoatu te rererangi i te tīmatanga i roto i te ora. A, no te atu ka mau te tauira tuatahi o te "waeroa", miharo katoa i ki tona mahi i roto i te Whiringa 1940.

Ko te pūtake mo te hoahoa o te rererangi ko te Pālesi. noho Mua te pairati, e whakaatu ana he tirohanga pai o te piha. He āhuatanga motuhake o te motokā, ko te meka i hanga tata te whare katoa o te rakau. riro parirau he kuti i hanga o kahupapa, me o rākau te tokorua. Radiators kei roto i te wehenga mua o te parirau i waenganui te takere me te engines. Tēnei āhuatanga hoahoa mai i roto i te pepa i roto i te ipu.

I roto i te putanga i muri i nui haere "waeroa" parirau i 16 ki te 16.5 m. Ki te pai ake whakaotinga pūnaha whakapau, me te engines. Te mea faahiahia, i kite i te rererangi tuatahi rite te torotoro. I reira i muri noa ka reira mārama e te hoahoa Kōmāmā tuku raraunga rere tino, i whakaritea e te reira ki te whakamahi i te mīhini rite te bomber. "Waeroa" i whakamahia i roto i te marau rangi Allied i runga i nga pa Tiamana i roto i te wā whakamutunga o te whawhai. I whakamahia ratou kahore anake hoki bombings ira, engari ano hoki ki te whakatika i te ahi o te tahi atu waka rererangi. i tauira parekura i roto i te iti rawa i roto i te pakanga i roto i Europe (16 parekura i 1,000 haerenga a). Ngā mihi ki te tere me te teitei o te rere "waeroa" ka roaahia'tu mō te flak me whawhai Tiamana. Ko te riri nui anake ki te jet rererangi ko te Messerschmitt Me.262.