Te pakeke o te konganuku. konganuku pakeke Ripanga

Ki nga wahi me ngā tikanga i ngā rauemi roa, me te pono kua meinga e ratou i ai, me te ū ki te tikanga e tika ana mō te mahi. Ko Ko te aha e mea faufaa ki te whakahaere i nga uara tīkina o ratou āhuatanga aunoa taketake. E nga āhuatanga aunoa ko te pakeke, te kaha, taikaha, kōngohe. te pakeke o konganuku - te kiripuaki hanganga tuatahi.

ariā

Ko te pakeke o te konganuku me alloys, - he taonga rauemi o te hanga ātete i kătahi i roto i ona papa mata o te tinana e kore e nei hauā, kihai i whakangaromia i roto i kawenga te rere (nukunga). Te whakatau i te whakaaro o:

• mōhiohio i runga i te mana o te hanganga āhuatanga me kaha whakahaere;
• tātaritanga o te wa mahi;
• mana hua pāmahana maimoatanga.

Mai i tenei ahua kaha mata wahi ti'aturi me ātete ki te hoholo. Te ārohi rite te rauemi raw me ngā wāhanga rite-hanga.

ako kōwhiringa

Ko te tohu ko te rahinga i huaina nei ko te maha o pakeke. He ngā tikanga o te ine i te pakeke o te konganuku. Ko te ako tika tino ngā te whakamahi o ngā momo o tātaitanga me nga indenters pakeke e pā ana:

1. Brinell: te mauri o te taputapu - nukunga Ball i roto i te tātai whakarewa koranu nukunga ranei diameter tātarihia me te tatauranga muri o te tawhā aunoa pāngarau.
2. Rockwell: pōro whakamahia ranei te matamata taimana maaro. whakaaturia ana te uara i runga i te whakaatu haora ranei Whakataunga takoto.
3. Vickers: te inenga tika tino o te pakeke o te whakarewa ki te matamata taimana pyramidal.

He tātai motuhake me te tepu ki te whakatau i correspondences i waenganui i te mahi tawhā o ngā tikanga ine rerekē mō te rauemi taua.

Āhuatanga whakatau i te kē inenga

I raro i ngā āhuatanga taiwhanga, me te whānuitanga e tika ana o te taputapu, whakahekea te pai rawa o te ako i roto i roto i ti'aturiraa i runga i nga āhuatanga motuhake o te workpiece.

1. He uara tohu o te tawhā aunoa. No te steels hanganga me ngā rauemi ki te pakeke ake iti ki te 450-650 HB Brinell aratuka whakamahia; mo te taputapu, steels koranu me ētahi atu alloys - Rockwell; hoki tverdosplavov - Vickers.
2. Ko te āhuatanga o te tauira whakamātautau. E te uiui e te pakeke pourewa Vickers wahi Rawa iti, me te kikokore.
3. Ko te matotoru o te whakarewa i roto i te wāhi ruri, i roto i ngā, timahia apa nitrided ranei.

whakaritenga me te hanganga ture ki te GOST tuhia katoa.

Āhuatanga tikanga Brinell

E whakahaere pakeke whakamātautau o konganuku me alloys te whakamahi i Brinell pakeke hei whakamatau ki te āhuatanga e whai ake:

1. Ko te indenter - pōro o koranu maitai o Tungsten koranu carbide ranei ki te diameter 1, 2, 2.5, 5 ranei 10 mm (GOST 3722-81).
2. Roanga nukunga pateko: hoki te rino, me te maitai - 10-15 s mō alloys kore-ferrous - 30, he taea ano hoki ki te roanga o 60, a i roto i ētahi wā - 120 me 180 ...
3. Ko te uara rohe o te tawhā aunoa: 450 HB ka whanganga maitai pōro; HB 650 mā te whakamahi i tverdosplava.
4. kawenga pea. Ki te awhina o nga taonga i tukua whakaritea te deformation kaha tūturu i runga i te tauira whakamātautau. Ratou uara iti taea: 153,2, 187,5, 250 N; mōrahi - 9807, 14710, 29420 H (GOST 23677-79).

Mā te whakamahi i te tātai, i diameter tīpakohia o te pōro, me i te rauemi whakamātautau rānei, ka taea e tetahi te tatau i te hāngai nukunga kaha whakaaetia.

momo koranu	kawenga tätaitanga Mathematical
Steel, konukōreko me alloys Titanium	30D 2
maka rino	2 10D, 30D 2
Parahi me te parahi alloys	2 5D, 10D 2, 30D 2
konganuku marama me alloys	2,5D 2, 2 5D, 10D 2, 15D 2
Lead, he tine	1D 2

iku'anga TAUIRA:

400HB10 / 1500/20, i reira 400HB - Brinell pakeke o te whakarewa; 10 - Ball diameter, 10 mm; 1500 - kawenga pateko, 1500 Ng; 20 - te wā o te nukuhanga 20.

Hei whakapumautia te tau tangohia pai te tūhura i te taua tauira i roto i te maha o nga wahi, a ka takoto te hua whānui e te imiraa i te uara toharite o riro.

tikanga whakatau i Brinell pakeke

Ko te tukanga rangahau tā te whai i ēnei:

1. Tirohia te kōrero i runga i te tautukunga ki te whakaritenga (GOST 9012-59, GOST 2789).
2. Tirohia o ngaue'aki o te pūrere.
3. Hei whiriwhiri i te pōro e hiahiatia ana, te tāututanga o te kaha ka taea, tāutanga o utanga mo tona wā hanganga o te nukuhanga.
4. Tīmata pakeke me te deformation o te tauira.
5. diameter hikinga inenga.
6. tātaitanga tëtehi.

HB = F / A,

i reira F - kawenga, Ng H ranei; A - rohe tā, mm ^2.

HB = (0,102 * F) / (π * D * h),

te wahi D - diameter o te pōro, mm; h - hohonu nukuhanga, mm.

whakarewa pakeke whanganga i roto i tenei tikanga kua te hononga tëtehi ki te tātai o ngā tawhā kaha. tikanga tika, rawa hoki alloys ngohengohe. Ko reira faufaa i roto i te whakatau i nga uara o nga pūnaha o te āhuatanga aunoa.

Āhuatanga tikanga Rockwell

Tenei tikanga o te inenga whakaaro i roto i te 20-doma o rau XX, nui atu aunoa atu i te kotahi o mua. Kei te whakamahia te reira mo ngā rauemi uaua. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua (GOST 9013-59, GOST 23677-79):

1. Ko te aroaro o te kawenga tuatahi 10 kg.
2. Mārakerake Wā: 10-60.
3. uara rohe o tohu taea: HRA: 20-88; HRB: 20-100; HRC: 20-70.
4. feruri te tau kei runga i te pakeke whakaatu haora, hoki e taea te tatau arithmetically.
5. Tauine me indenter. Mohiotia 11 rerekē unahi i runga i te momo o te indenter me te mōrahi kawenga pateko whakaaetia rānei. Ko te whakamahi tino noa: A, B me C.

A: taimana matamata maaro tihi koki 120˚, te mana tīkina katoa awe pateko - 60 kgf, HRA; hua pai ako, te nuinga reti.

C: rite taimana koeko, hangaia hoki te kaha mōrahi o 150 kgf, HRC, he hāngai hoki ngā rauemi mārō, me te whakapakeke.

B: rahi pōro 1,588 mm o, i hanga o parahi whakapakeketia o pakeke koranu carbide-Tungsten ranei, te kawenga - 100 kgf, HRB, Kei te whakamahia ki te aromatawai i te pakeke o ngā hua annealed.

Ükui-matamata (1.588 mm) he e tika ana mō te āwhata Rockwell B, F, tīari hoki G. E tauine, H, K, whakamahia hoki e te he diameter pōro 3,175 mm (GOST 9013-59) o.

iti te maha o ngā tauira mahi mā te whakamahi i te pakeke pourewa Rockwell i te rohe taua e te rahi o te tūemi. uiuia mati i roto i te rohe 3-4 te diameter o te wāhi deformation o mua. Ko te matotoru o te hua whakamātautau me te whakaritea. E kore Me te reira iti iho i te 10 ngā wā nui haere kătahi hohonu o te matamata.

iku'anga TAUIRA:

50HRC - whakarewa Rockwell pakeke, whanganga te whakamahi i te matamata taimana, he rite ki te 50 tona tau.

rangahau Mahere runga tauine Rockwell

Ko atu māmā atu i te tukanga mō te Brinell whakarewa pakeke inenga.

1. Aromātai o ngā āhuatanga, me ngā āhuatanga o te mata workpiece.
2. Tirohia o ngaue'aki o te pūrere.
3. Faaotiraa momo matamata, me te kaha kawenga.
4. Tāuta i te tauira.
5. Whakatinanatanga o te mau tautooraa tuatahi i runga i te rauemi, rahi o te 10 kgf.
6. Whakatinanatanga o tautooraa hanganga ture tonu.
7. Pānui i te riro waea te tokomaha i runga i te tauine.

Ko reira ano hoki taea tātai pāngarau i roto i te tikanga ki te tika te whakatau i te tawhā aunoa.

I raro i te huru o te whakamahi i te tihi taimana he kawenga o 60 kgf, ranei 150:

HR = 100 - ((Hh) / 0,002;

ka hanga whakamātautau ki te pōro i raro i te kaha o 100 kgf:

HR = 130 - ((Hh) / 0,002,

te wahi h - te hohonu o kătahi o te indenter i roto i te ope tuatahi o te 10 kgf; H - kătahi hohonu o te indenter raro kawenga tonu; 0,002 - take whakahaere i te nui o ngā o te matamata, ka te tau o te pakeke i te 1 wae.

Ko te kuware Rockwell tikanga, engari e kore e tangohia. I te wa ano taea reira ki a koe te ine i te āhuatanga pūkaha o konganuku pakeke me alloys.

Taipitopito o te tūāhua Vickers

Ko te nuinga noa, me te tika faaotiraa o te pakeke o konganuku e tenei tikanga. hāngai ana pakeke i runga i te nukunga i roto i te matamata tauira taimana pyramidal.

Āhuatanga matua:

1. Te indenter: koeko taimana ki te koki tihi 136 °.
2. kawenga tīkina mōrahi: hoki patu maka rino, me te maitai - 5-100 kgf; hoki alloys parahi - 2.5-50 kg; hoki konumohe, me ona alloys - 1-100 kgf.
3. Mārakerake Wā kawenga pateko: 10 ki te 15 hēkona.
4. rauemi Test: rino me konganuku kore-ferrous ki te pakeke o 450-500 HB, tae atu hua i muri i maimoatanga matūrewarau.

iku'anga TAUIRA:

700HV20 / 15,

ai 700HV - tau pakeke Vickers; 20 - kawenga 20 kg; 15 - i roto i te mau tautooraa pateko 15.

Ko te raupapa o te ako Vickers

Kei te tino raweketia te tukanga.

1. Tirohia te tauira me te taputapu. utua ngā aro te ki nga taipitopito o te mata.
2. Tīpako kaha tīkina.
3. Tāutanga o te rauemi whakamātautau.
4. Tīmata i te pakeke i roto i te mahi.
5. Pānui hua i runga i te waea.

tātai Mathematical e tenei tikanga ko e whai ake:

Hv = 1,8544 * (F / d ^2),

i reira F - Utaina, kgf; d - te uara toharite o te roa o nga hauroki o te nukuhanga i mm.

āhei te reira ki a koutou te ine i te whakarewa pakeke tiketike, wahi kikokore, me te iti, i te whakarato tika tiketike o te hua.

Methods mo te whakawhiti i waenganui i te unahi

I muri te whakatau i te diameter o te tā ki te awhina o taputapu motuhake, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te tepu ki te whakatau i te pakeke. Ripanga konganuku pakeke - whakamatauria kaiāwhina i roto i te tātaitanga o te tawhā aunoa. Ko te kupu, ki te matau koutou te Brinell, taea noa whakatau he tau tika Vickers Rockwell ranei.

Tauira o etahi uara e tika ana:

Ko te diameter o te nukuhanga, mm	tikanga o te tūhuratanga
	Brinell	Rockwell			Vickers
		He	C	B
3.90	241	62,8	24,0	99,8	242
4,09	218	60.8	20.3	96,7	218
4.20	206	59.6	17.9	94.6	206
4.99	143	49,8	-	77,6	143

hāngai konganuku pakeke Ripanga te i runga i raraunga whakamātautau, me te he tika tiketike. He hoki he kauwhata o te pakeke Brinell o te ihirangi waro i roto i te koranu rino-waro. Ko te kupu, i roto i te runga ki taua ririki mo te rino ki te nui o te waro i roto i te hanganga rite ki te 0.2% moni reira ki 130 HB.

ki te rapu whakaritenga

I roto i runga ki te whakaritenga o te manuhiri, me ū mongamonga whakamātautau ki te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1. kia maeneene hauhake, u ki runga ki te pakeke te tepu, kia kia maeneene, me te āta tukatuka ona taha.
2. Me whai i te roughness mata iti te mata. Me ka u te reira, ka horoia, tae atu ki te awhina o tito matū. Wä, i roto i te tukanga machining, he mea nui ki te ārai i te hanganga o te mahi pakeke me te whakapai ake o te pāmahana moenga tukatuka.
3. Ko te wahi e ōrite te tikanga tīpakohia mō te whakatau i te pakeke o nga āhuatanga tawhā.

Mahi whakaritenga tuatahi - he tika titauhia.

te pakeke o konganuku - he taonga aunoa faufaa nui e tāutu ratou etahi o nga āhuatanga pūkaha me te hangarau, te hua o te tukanga machining mua, te pānga o ngā āhuatanga rangitahi, tikanga whakahaere taea. Tei tikanga kōwhiringa Ako i runga i te āhuatanga tohu tauira, ona tawhā me hanganga matū.