Ture o Raoult.

i whakapumautia ture o Raoult hoki i roto i te 1887 tetahi o nga physicists French tino rongonui. Tona ingoa faaite ia. hāngai ana te ture o Raoult te i runga i etahi hononga e whakaiti te pēhanga kohu o te waimehatanga o-electrolytes kore. whakaiti pēhanga whakataurite moe tokorua ōrite ki te hautanga kamiriona o te taonga diluted. kawea mai tenei ture pūtaiao French ako kanorau rongoā wai (kore-ahua) me matū (totoka).

Mai i te Ture o Raoult taea te ako e te hua i roto i te pāmahana kohua ranei whakaiti i te wāhi mīti o te otinga diluted i roto i te ōwehenga ki te niho kauoro rahi taonga tarapape ore whakaeminga me whakamahia ki te kitea tona taimaha rāpoi.

huaina te otinga pai te kia e ona āhuatanga katoa pai nga whakaritenga e hāngai ana o te ture o Raul. Ka taea te whakaaro atu rongoā āwhiwhiwhi anake te hunga e no ki te haurehu kore-neke, me te wai. Ko, kia ake e ratou e kore e nga rāpoi whai ki te huri i tona aronga i roto i te mara hiko ngā. Nō reira, ko te wera o te whakaaturanga, ka kia kore. Na ka waiho ngāwari ki te kitea te āhuatanga o te rongoā, mai te mea te reira e tika ana ki te whakaaro anake ratou wāhanga taonga taketake me te proportionality, i roto i nei puta Mixing ara haticheskim.

Ki enei rongoā hanga he tātai taua he tata e taea. No te mea te hanganga o rongoā, te tikanga mahia wera, puta te āhuatanga ritenga ranei - absorbs tenei otinga wera i roto ano.

ka karanga te reira i te tukanga putawera i roto i nei whakatupuranga wera puta, me te tukanga pauwera - kotahi, te wahi e riro te reira.

āhuatanga Colligative o te otinga ko te hunga e e te nuinga ti'aturi i runga i te kukū o te otinga, nui atu i i te taonga tūturu diluted tūturu. Colligative āhuatanga nunui he pēhanga, te pāmahana, me te mīti te otinga ake te pēhanga hautanga o te kohu whakarewa.

Ko te ture tuatahi o Raul fakatahai te pēhanga takiwa o te kohu i runga i te otinga ki tona hanganga. tuhituhia te whakamāramatanga o tenei ture ko e whai ake: Pi = Pio * Xi.

Ko te mamaoa pēhanga hautanga whiwhi i roto i rongoā o te wāhanga, ko te tika hautanga ki ona hautanga uara kamiriona i roto i te otinga. Ko rite ki te pēhanga kohu i runga i te wāhanga rewakore takiwa te whakarea proportionality.

Mai te katoa hua ngā o hautau kamiriona o ngā wāhanga katoa o rongoā ko 1, ka hoki te otinga ā-rua arā, o ngā wāhanga pērā i te me te B, ka taea e tatou deduce hua hāngai hoki ōwehenga ki te faaiteraa o te ture o te Raoult tuatahi: (P0A-PA) / P0A = XB.

Ko te ture tuarua o Raul - ko te putanga o te ture tuatahi, ko muri i te pūtaiao i France tenei. Ko te tika tenei ture anake mo etahi rongoā memeha.

Whakaiti i te wāhi mīti rongoā āta diluted o mea kore-ahua i roto i te rahi tika ki te haaputuputuraa o rongoā molal, a kahore ratou e whai i tetahi whakawhirinaki i runga i matū māori diluted: T0fr-Tfr = Tfr = Km.

Te whakanui ake i te wāhi e koropupu kahore e te tahi mau rongoā diluted o matū kore-te ahua i runga i te āhua o te taonga diluted, a ko reira tika hautanga wae rongoā molal: T0b-TB = TB = Em .

Ebullioskopicheskaya tamau, i.e. kkoeffitsient E - ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i te pāmahana otinga e koropupu hāngai, me te otinga tino i whakananua,.

Cryoscopic tamau, i.e. te K whakarea - ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i te pāmahana otinga mīti me te otinga tino i whakananua,.