Union - ko tenei ... Lublin, Brest, Krevsk Union

Union - tenei hapori, uniana, hapori o āhua, whakahaere tōrangapū, ngaahi tui fakalotu. Nuinga o ngā wā e whakamahia ana i roto i te tikanga o te uniana monarchical o te maha nga iwi i raro i te rangatira kotahi.

whakarōpū o whakaaetanga

Real Union - Union, e ngā o te arikitanga, i tango i te tikanga kotahi o te riiwhi ki te torona. Kainga ki te ariki a muri ki whenua mema katoa o te kawenata. he uniana taua - te kaha, pono - taea te whakakore anake i roto i te take i reira e te huri i tetahi o nga kaiuru te puka o te kāwanatanga i roto i te Republican. Whakakore arikitanga i roto i te kotahi ranei āhua mema katoa i uta e mimiti uniana heke ranei i roto i tona hanganga ine.

uniana Whaiaro - he kawenata e te mea tupurangi, ki te riro kotahi tangata he ariki i roto i te maha o nga whenua e rite ana ki te hua o te mau taamuraa utuafare ki te kawana e rua ranei e toru, i roto i te take o te hiahia ranei. E kore e te whenua whai wāhi te huri me kahore tukanga kotahi o te tauatanga. meake tēnei uniana te ki te pirau. Maoro, i muri mai he nguha mo te torona, kingi i roto i te āhua kotahi, engari i roto i ētahi atu kia ai taua mea e taea e tika ana ki te āhua o te ture.

Ekalesia Union - te momo o te kawenata mutu i waenganui i te mau faaroo. Ko te whāinga, me te take mo te uniana tei runga i tūkunga hītori.

Ko te uniana me te kotahitanga: He aha te te rerekētanga?

E mea pinepine i tenei puka o te rōpū taurite ki wakaminenga. E tano ia tapao e kore he tika taua tāututanga.

Tuatahi, ka taea e te uniana anake puta ki te whai wāhitanga o āhua monarchical. Ko tona āhuatanga matua tenei. Ko te Wakaminenga, i roto i te uniana taua taea whai wāhi me ngā āhua Republican.

titau te oraraa o te uniana mahi tōrangapū, me te ōhanga ofi ange. Ehara i tika i te whakaaetanga uniana. Kore, ko te āhuatanga ki te Kotahitanga. Na roto i te haina i te kawenata, ona te mau melo i ki ia atu etahi taunahatanga. e kore ngaro i te mau melo uniana ratou mana arii. ariki te rangatira kotahi e whakamahatia tona kaha. I muri i te hainatanga o te uniana ko ia te kaimau o nga tika kingi o ia whenua i roto i te Uniana.

He wāhanga nui o te āhuatanga ture o haina i te whakaaetanga kotahitanga - te oraraa o te kawenata ki te herenga tahi tuhituhia. Tenei ka whakarite kotahitanga tōrangapū. He uniana - ko te hapori e taea te faaoti kahore whakaaetanga.

pā He āhuatanga nui ki te whakahaere o whawhai i waenganui i nga rōpū ki te kawenata. āhua Mema o te uniana e kore e taea te whawhai ki ia atu, rite te kawana - he kotahi, na, e whakaatu ana whawhai i roto i te Union, kua takoto te reira ki te patu i runga ano.

whakaaetanga uniana tōrangapū me te dynastic

History mohio maha take, te mutunga o uniana taua. Ko tētahi o te tuatahi mohiotia me tino - uniana Krevo. Lithuania ko Poland nga rōpū ki te kirimana. Ka rite ki te tahi atu ngā uniana maha, i hiri tenei i te faaipoiporaa dynastic, i mutu te Polish Kuini Jadwiga me Lithuanian Grand Duke Jagiello.

Union i roto i 1385, i hainatia i te whare Kreva, kia etahi huringa ki te pūrere e rua whenua whai wāhi.

Ko te take mō te haumi - te vaivai o whenua e rua, me te pēhanga ka puta ki runga ki a ratou i waho: e te Order Teutonic, Muscovy, te Golden Horde. I mua hainatia Krevsk Union Lithuania e rave rahi whakaaetanga ki Moscow rangatira, me nga Knights Teutonic, nei i te pānga nui i runga i te akoranga o ngā, engari kihai i whakatinana.

Ko te ngako o te kirimana i roto i Krevo

E ai ki te Tiriti, ka Jagiello kingi o Poland. uta reira ki runga ki a ia i te maha o fafauraa:

• takoto te kawana hou te ki te kōrero i roto i te reo Roma Lithuania.
• Jagiello i ki utu i te Duke o Austria Wilhelm utu mo te whati o te kirimana te faaipoiporaa, rite ki nei i te whakamutunga ki te tango i tana wahine Jadwiga.
• I roto i Lithuania, ko reira tika ki te whakauru Katorika.
• a Jagiello ki hoki nga whenua o te Poland mua ko Russia ki te hanga ake te basileia. Union o Lithuanian me Polish titauhia ia ki te whakapiki ake i te maha o herehere.

Mämä noa iho, ka Jagiello rangatira o te kotahi Lithuania ko Poland, engari noho pūnaha motuhake moni, me te taonga, ture, ture ritenga, i reira ko te rohe, i reira nga ope motuhake mō ia kawenata Mema State. whakaohokia Krevo uniana pato'iraa i runga i te wahi o te hanahana o Lithuania me te Russia mua, engari i mahi rite he turanga mo te Union o Lublin. nui haere te rohe o Poland.

papamuri Historical te Lublin Union

E rave rahi tau i muri i te hainatanga o te kirimana i roto i Krevo nga tautohetohe i waenganui i nga Lithuanians me te gentry Polish o te ture, me te taumata o te mana i roto i te whenua. I roto i kua puta ke te ara o te mana whenua, me te hanganga o te piha haapiiraa monū i roto i nga whenua e rua. No te āhua e rua, i reira i ngā āhuatanga o te piha haapiiraa feudal: te gentry Polish i ōrite, kua fakakoloa'i ona ngā mema katoa ki ngā tika rite, a kua oti rerekētanga katoa whakakorea; kuao raiona Lithuanian - polarize piha haapiiraa. I raro i te "amo" e pā ana ki te rua momo o rangatira:

• kaipupuri whenua nui (Barons), e kua he tika tata mutunga me haamaitairaa. e kore e ngohengohe ki kōti rohe ratou - anake te marae o te Duke Grand. I tua atu, i taea e noho ratou tūranga nui i roto i te āhua. Haunga te nui nui o te whenua i roto i to ratou mana ki te whai nui rāhui o mahi.
• kaipupuri whenua iti, me te reo. kihai ratou i whai i te huanga tōrangapū, me te ōhanga, pera i roto i te rōpū tuatahi (iti whenua, whai wāhitanga mahi). I tua atu, maha ratou hei patunga o te apo o tycoons nui, pera fakafalala ki runga ki a ratou.

Hoki ngā take o te matewai tika (ranei nui te mana me te mana), rapu nga māngai o te rōpū tuarua taurite, e kia kua i roto i te gentry.

Ko te raruraru i kore anake i roto i te whawhai ki tycoons - te māngai o Poland me Lithuania kore e whakaae tonu i runga i pakanga noa, hanga whenua e rua whakaraerae. i wehi o ngaro te whenua o Lithuania, rite te rangatira i ko Sigismund Augustus te māngai whakamutunga o te Jagiellonian whiriwhiri Polish - huringa o te ahua kuini taea meinga te wehenga o etahi rohe.

Ka rite ki whakaae Lithuanians me amo?

Ko te Union o Lublin - te kawenata tuatahi i waenganui i Poland ko Lithuania, kua āta nei kua whakaritea hei mahi ture. Ko te whakaaro matua ko te kaporeihana o Lithuania ki Poland. Hoki te wa roa nga whiriwhiringa e i mahara ki te whakatau i tetahi hapanga.

mahara uniana Backplane i roto i 1569 i ki te kia hainatia i roto i te hotoke o te Polish-Lithuanian Seimas. i uaua nga whiriwhiringa, e kore ia e taea te ki te whakatutuki kotahitanga. Ko te take mo te raruraru ko te whakaritenga taha Lithuanian: te koroneihana i ki te tango i te wahi i roto i Vilnius, i te kawana ki te whiriwhiri i rangatira kāwanatanga anake whānui Sejm me Lithuanian ki te pupuri anake nga Maori rohe. kihai i taea e Poland farii i taua mau titauraa. I tua atu, i te Lithuanians pouri tupu, mahue te Sejm.

Otiia i hohoro ratou ki hoki me ki tonu whiriwhiringa. He maha ngā take e peia Lithuania ki te rapu tautoko i roto i te mata o Poland:

• Kua ngaro te whenua i te mahi nui i roto i te Livonian War.
• I roto i te āhua i tipu pouri ki nga kaipupuri whenua.
• ko Lithuania i whawhai ki Muscovy, kihai i nei te taha kaha.

I roto i te tikanga ki te hohoro "whakapati" nga Lithuanians, te kingi Polish a mapi te kawanatanga Volyn Podlaskie ka whakawehi ki te tango atu mau haamaitairaa i te taiva. huihui ano katoa i roto i Poland. oati te taha Lithuanian piripono ki Sigismund Akuhata. Ano ka timata ki te faaineine no te te hainatanga o te uniana. a Poland wawata tiketike mo tenei kawenata.

hainatanga o te kawenata

Kua anō Diet tona mahi i roto i te Pipiri 1569 th, me i te ra tuatahi o Hurae, i hanga kaiuru he kawenata. karangatia Lublin Union te hanganga o te Rzeczpospolita kāwanatanga kotahi. I muri Lithuania ko Poland hainatia kauwhau te whakaaetanga. I muri i te 3 ra, kua whakapumautia atu te kawenata Kingi.

Heoi, ko te whakatamarikitanga o te Union kihai i whakaoti nga raruraru katoa, a ka tonu te Diet. Etahi take whakatau i roto i te marama i muri i te ngā tukanga hainatanga me te whakatūturutanga mōhiohio. te raruraru o te tohatoha o mana, whakapumautia kua te Diet kua faatiti'aifarohia, e ngā o ruma e rua. Kua whakaritea e te Union te mea i tīmata kawenata Krevsk.

Ko te ariā matua o Union i Lublin:

• kia waiho te āhua he rangatira kotahi - te kingi e whiriwhiri te kai.
• pūnaha moni, i noa ki te Polish me rohe Lithuanian te kaumatua me te Sejm.
• Ea i roto i te tika o te gentry Polish me Lithuanian.
• Kua tiaki Lithuania etahi o nga tohu o te tufaa - tā, o ringa koti, te ope, me te whakahaere.

Hua o te kawenata i Lublin

whakahaere Lithuanians ki tiaki ratou reo, te pūnaha ture me te maha o ngā āhuatanga o te tufaa. Kua whakakaha Pōrana, a nui haere te rahi o te rohe pānga. kua Rzeczpospolita senituli e rave rahi, kua he hoariri kaha i runga i te atamira ao. I tua atu, ko reira taea ki te horapa Katorika me te Polish te hanga i tētahi hapori ahurea.

ngā tōraro ko te roha o te taputapu uiui me te hua i roto i te pirau. Ko te pōtitanga o te kingi ki rö te pakanga kaha i roto i te Sejm, kua arahina nei hoki senituli ki te tiango o Rzeczpospolita.

āhuatanga tōraro tino tino whakakitea i roto i te take karakia. I roto i te taupori o Lithuania kihai i taea e ki te whiriwhiri i to ratou whakapono - i whakaritea Katorika tata panaia. i riria mai Karaitiana. he hoariri Katorika "waho te ture" - i tangohia e ratou o tika katoa, ka whakatoia e. I runga i te rohe Ukrainian i te mea i raro i te mana o te Commonwealth, ka anga ki te puta te kura fraternal.

I te wa ano, ea i te tika o te rangatira, i kawea i roto i hanganga i roto i te mau taata tōrangapū,-ture, me te ōhanga. Na e kore e taea te aromatawai i te pānga o te Lublin Union unambiguously.

whakaaetanga hahi

he fonu nganatanga ki whakahoki te tapatahi o te haapa'oraa te hītori o Karaitiana. A haamana'o na e rite ki te hua o te wahia i roto i 1054 i hanga Katorika me Ofotokisií. riro ratou manga motuhake o Karaitiana. rōpū - tata i te wa ano i hanga nga nganatanga tuatahi uniana.

Katorika ko 'Ofotokisií whai iho rerekē me ngā tikanga. kihai i taea e Whakaae tae. Ko te take matua - kore ki te ū Siu Pope. kihai i taea e Katorika farii i te tikanga hoatu mua i te hoariri: ka ui Siu Pope te makanga o te ture i roto i te raupapatanga hahi.

Neke atu i te nga tau, whakawarea te Siu, ka hiahiatia te tautoko o Katorika i roto i te whawhai ki ngā tuma. I te 1274 i hainatia Lyons he whakaaetanga mo te pakanga noa ki te Tatar-Mongols, a i roto i 1439 - i te Union o Florence. I tenei wa, ko te uniana ki te Turkey. i noho-poto enei whakaaetanga, engari kua riro te "kaupapa mō te uniana" ake me te ake pā.

MURI Brest Union

Brest uniana - he kawenata i hoatu ara ki te hāhi hou, me te maha tenetere o te totohe.

I roto i te rau tau XVI kihai i rite te Ekalesia Siu he tauira o te morare, me te varua - i haere ia i roto i te raruraru nui. kawea mai te putanga o te whakarerenga iho o rironga ko, ka ko mau te temepara te kaiwhakaruruhau magnate rawa, ki te karakia, he maha ngā āhuatanga fakamāmaní. I roto i te take o te hahi pokanoa pākī noa. E pā ana tēnei ki te tuakanatanga - rōpū tāone e whai i te tika ki te whakahaere i episekopo noa. ngaro te hahi tona mana, me te ingoa kaiwawao o te tika o te hunga whakapono.

I anō kaupapa Uniate tika ki te faaitoitoraa o te kau Sēsutí i Poland. Puta tuhinga polemical e pā ana ki te painga o te uniana. Ko te kaituhi ko kaikauwhau me philosopho - Benedict Gerbest Pita Skarga, me te tini ke atu.

rahi Uniates i muri i te "whakahou maramataka" Gregory XIII - rite ki te hua o hararei fakalotu o te Siu me Katorika wehe i runga i te wā. takahia te reira i te tika o te taupori Siu, e noho ana i roto i te rohe o te Commonwealth.

Ka rite ki te hua o te pānga ngā o enei āhuatanga i hainatia e Union o Brest.

Ko te ngako o te whakaaetanga

I te 1590 ka tū te Congress hahi i roto i te pa o Belz. mutu ia ki te pīra ki te uniana i hoatu a Kiriona Balaban. I tautokona tana kaupapa e episekopo maha. I muri i te 5 tau, ka mohiotia e te hiahia mo te uniana te Pope.

ko Beresteis'ka uniana ki te kia hainatia i roto i 1596. Ko mutu te totohe. Ko te Congress, i tutaki hoki te hainatanga o te kirimana, wahia. Ko tētahi o nga pā ko Siu, te tahi atu - te Uniates. hanga te tutukitanga waewae i te hiahia ki te whakarongo ki te Pope. I roto i te mutunga, haina te uniana anake wahi o te kohinga. kihai i nga minita Siu ite i te uniana. ka mau te hainatanga o te whakaaetanga wahi i raro i te ārahitanga o Metropolitan Mikhail Rogoza.

Ngā me tikanga:

• mohio Uniates te tāpaetanga ki te Pope.
• Ko te minita i te taua tika rite te raupapatanga hahi Katorika.
• Tefito o te whakapono - Katorika, ngā tikanga - te Siu.

Ko te kupu, ko te hua o ngā nganatanga ki whakakotahi kua riro te afa noa nui. I runga i te pūtake o Ofotokisií me Katorika i tetahi atu whakapono. Na Uniatism whakaritea e te kaha - ko Siu i te tūranga ara kino atu i te aroaro o Beresteis'ka (Brest) kawenata.

I te pae hopea tāpiri: uniana - he take whakakotahi, engari, e whakaaturia e te meka hītori kore ko tonu haere te uniana ki te painga o ngā rōpū katoa whai wāhi.