Whakaminenga - he aha te mea tenei? Ko te whakamāramatanga o te kupu

Whakaminenga - he (Jawi: عادت) - he wā kano, tono i te reo Arabic ki te whakaahua i te whānuitanga o mahi i ngā hapori Muslim i roto i te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus, tikanga rohe me ngā tikanga i roto i Central me Tonga-Te Tai Rāwhiti Asia. Ahakoa tona takenga Arabic, te wā "whakaminenga" he whānui puta noa i te moana Tonga Asia, te wahi e tika ana ki te mana koroni i whakamahia pūnahanaha i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā hapori kore-Muslim. I roto i te wā i mua-Islamic o hītori, i reira i tokomaha tikanga ture e whakaritea te ora o te hapori, me tetahi o ratou, ko te whakaminenga. Te tikanga o te kupu "whakaminenga" Kei te maha whakatauritea ki te ture Sharia

Ko te ngako o te whakaminenga

I roto i te mara ture, whakaminenga - he tikanga ture, ture, here me ngā ture ki runga ki te whakahaere o te whanonga o te takitahi rite te mema o te hapori Muslim me nga whiu mo te takahi ratou. Ko reira ano hoki te ahua o te maimoatanga mō wāhanga rerekē o te taupori mō te nei enei tikanga me ture he. He tino momo, me te tino ratou. Whakaminenga hoki ngā te huinga o ture rohe, me te tuku iho, ngā pūnaha whakataunga tautohe, i runga i nei te vai i te hapori mō ngā rau tau.

Whakaminenga i roto i te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus me Central Asia

I mua i te taeraa mai o Ihirama, nga iwi o te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus me Central Asia i roa kua whakapumautia tikanga o te ture taihara me te tivira, e "whakaminenga" ka mohiotia i roto i te wā Islamic. I roto i te mau sotaiete tuku iho o Central Asia u ai, ka tokanga'i e ngā mema rongonui o te hapori, kia rite ki te tikanga, te Poari o kaumatua. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te waehere iwi o te mahi, me te i runga i mau tenetere o te wheako i roto i te taumira o pakanga i waenganui i takitahi, hapori me ngā iwi. I roto i te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus, me pā ki te uara tuku iho o te whakaminenga waehere kingi e teip (hapu) - te paearu, matua mō te taiva ore, te honore, te whakama me te kawenga ngātahi.

Ko te whakahaere taiwhenua o te Russian Empire kihai i pokanoa ki te mahi ture, me te horo'ahia whakahaere i te taumata o ngā hapori ā-rohe ki te kaunihera o nga kaumatua, me te hapu. Na i nga mua i roto i te tau wawe o te revolution 1917. mahi whakaminenga i roto i nga tangata o Central Asia me te Caucasus tae noa wawe nga 1930, tae noa ki rāhuitia te kāwanatanga Soviet tona whakamahi me whakakapi e te ture tivira.

Whakaminenga i te Tonga Asia

I roto i te Tonga Asia, i tuatahi whakatakoto te ariā o "whakaminenga", me tona auraa i roto i Islamicize Malay-korero ao. Te āhua, i meatia tenei ki te wehewehe i waenganui i tikanga tuku iho, me te Islamic. I roto i te rau tau XV kua whakawhanakehia malakkaysky Sultanate he waehere o te ture te ao o te moana, me te Waehere Civil me Commercial, i i te mana mārama o te ture i huaina "Sharia". Whakaminenga hoki nui uesia nga raraunga o ngā tuhinga ture. muri horahia ēnei waehere puta noa i te rohe, me te riro puna ki tonu i-parirau o te ture mo te mahi ture rohe i roto i taua sultanates rohe nui, rite Brunei, Johor, Pattani ko Aceh.

Whakaminenga i roto i te Indies Te Tai Rāwhiti me tona ako

I roto i te tekau tau tuatahi o te rautau rua tekau i roto i te Tatimana Te Tai Rāwhiti Indies ki ako puta whakaminenga rite te mara motuhake o te ako. Ahakoa te pā reira ki te hiahia o te whakahaere koroni, Heoi, kua homai ara ki te ako rangahau kaha e whai wāhi ngā pūnaha whakarite whakaminenga i roto i nga whenua rerekē. I roto i te pūkenga taiea mahi i roto i te ako o te whakaminenga, puta Dutchman Van Vallenhoven, Ter haar ko Snoke Hungronhe. He maha ngā ariā matua, e kua whakamahia tonu tenei ra hei wāhanga o te ture tikanga te tīariari i roto i Indonesia hou. ngā ratou te "ture whakaminenga", "ture o te hapori whakaminenga ',' tika whenua hapori ranei te whakamahi o" me "te ture o te hapori." I whakamahia te ture whakaminenga i te kāwanatanga koroni rite te wā ture e pā ana ki te ture normative, i tuku ki te aronga motuhake ture, i roto i te tua ki te ture kēnana. ture rohe me ngā tikanga o ngā iwi katoa, tae atu kore-Mahometa, kua meinga ngā denoted e te wā "whakaminenga" - he kupu i i te tikanga ture. Ko tōna tikanga me ture kua whakawaeheretia i roto i te tuhinga ture o enei whenua, kia rite ki nei i whakaurua pluralism ture i roto i te rohe o te Indies Te Tai Rāwhiti. E ai ki tenei kaupapa, e hāngai ana i runga i te pūnaha whakaminenga whakarōpū rua wae ahurea me te matawhenua, wehea Tatimana Te Tai Rāwhiti Indies te katoa i te iti rawa iwa rohe ture.

whakaminenga mana Modern

Kei te whakamahia tonu whakaminenga i marae o Brunei, Malaysia me Indonesia (whenua i reira te karakia kāwanatanga ko Ihirama) rite te ture tivira i roto i te tahi mau āhuatanga. I roto i Malaysia, i roto i nga kaupapa ture kāwanatanga, i reira he māngai haamanahia o te kāwanatanga o Mareia, pērā i te matenga o Ihirama me tikanga Malay. Kaunihera o Amerika, e mohiotia ana ko te Majlis agama Ihirama dan whakaminenga (Kaunihera o Ihirama, me tikanga Malay) ka kia haepapa mō te tohutohu i te feia faatere o te kāwanatanga, me te mo te ture o Islamic Affairs me te whakaminenga.

sprov Trial ture te whakamahi i tikanga

Ture i runga i ngā take e pā ana ki te take o Ihirama, me whakaminenga (hei tauira, take i raro i te mana tahi o faaipoipo me ratou tamariki tahi) e kawea atu i roto i te marae Sharia. ture whakaminenga - he e i roto i nuinga o te wā e faaterehia e te ture tivira, me whanaunga whānau i roto i Muslim Tonga Asia. I roto i te āhua o Sarawak me Sabah huinga o whakaminenga hapori nemalayskoy kua whakaturengia Malaysian Iwi Taketake i roto i te hanganga o ngā kōti motuhake mohiotia rite Bumiputra Mahkamaha me Mahkamov Anaka Negeri. He he ano hoki he pūnaha whakarara mo Malays matawaka, e kiia nei ko te Mahkamov, engari ki te tino iti mana.

imeeet te ture whakaminenga Indonesian tonu mahu'inga nui ture i roto i te tahi mau wāhi, rawa i roto i te nuinga kainga Hindu i Bali, Tenger i te rohe me te i roto i te Sultanate o Yogyakarta me Surakarta.

Whakaminenga i roto i te wāhi pou-Soviet

I muri i te parariraa o te mahi o te whakaminenga i Central Asia te Soviet Union o anga ki whakahauora i te 1990 i roto i te hapori Muslim i roto i te wāhi tuawhenua. Ko te nuinga e tika ana ki te parariraa o te pūtahi whakaü ture, me te ture i roto i te nuinga o ngā rohe o te rohe o Āhia Central tenei. Kua whai wāhi te putanga o kaupapa ture hou i roto i te lepupilika ano hoki ki tenei tukanga, rite kua reira whakawhānuitia te kaha o etahi pūtahi tuku iho pērā i ngā kaunihera o nga kaumatua (kaumatua), ano e maha etahi mana whakahaere faaterehia e te tikanga o te whakaminenga.

whakaminenga Caucasian ko Chechen

I roto i te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus mō ngā rau tau i reira ko te pūnaha hapu tuku iho o ngā hapori kāwanatanga-whaiaro. Chechen adats puta ake ki Shamil. kupu "Whakaminenga", te whakamāramatanga me te translation o e pā ana ki te ariā o "ritenga peu ranei," whai wāhi tino hira mo te iwi Caucasian Te Tai Tokerau. I muri i te wā o Stalin, ia tīmata ano ki te mahi i roto i te ngaro (ki 1950 dvadtsatogogo rau tau). whakaminenga hoki Chechens - he ture u o te whanonga i roto i te utuafare, me te hapori. E whakaatu ana tetahi whānau Chechen tika whakaute me te manaaki mo te whakatupuranga pakeke, rawa te mau metua. ora mau metua paari ki tetahi o ana tama. Nā ki te mataotao Islamic o tāmitanga i roto i nga tau Stalin, whakaminenga, i vai na i roto i Chechnya ko Dagestan, whakaritea kihai i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te ture Islamic. Na, Heoi, he tipu maha o ngā pūkenga Muslim, whakaputaina i roto i te whakaminenga Collection, nga rauemi nei e whakamahia i roto i te mau faaotiraa faufaa i roto i te faatereraa kaunihera kainga me te rohe.