Whakarōpū o te mōmonatanga. Take, tohu, te tātaritanga me te maimoatanga o te mōmona

Ko tētahi o nga raruraru o te sotaiete i roto i te rau tau rua tekau-tuatahi hei kua mōmoma. Ko te mate te "whakatū" piri hou huri noa i te ao. he tika ki te kai rawakore, āhua sedentary, he maha nui o pathologies endocrine ma'i, me te maha atu āhuatanga tenei. 'Oku' uhinga mōmona e kore te nui haere taimaha tika ki uaua kōpeketanga, engari i te utu o putunga i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te tinana ngako. Ko te fifi o te mōmona? Titiro i te iwi e he taumaha e karanga tetahi tākuta he take tatini, me i te wahi tuatahi e waiho mate ngakau, oko toto, hononga, me wheua, he takahi o te pākia e te wai-tote. I tua atu, he uaua ki te ora pāpori te mate, pera i roto i te nuinga hapori o tenei ra e ngā ia i roto i te hākinakina, me te āhua noho hauora.

etiology

Ko te mate, ko te "mōmona" taea te whakawhanakehia hoki te whānuitanga o ngā take. Ko te kitea tino ko te kore o te mahi, na reira he he ōrite i waenganui i whiwhi Calories me pūngao ururua. tuarua te take noa o te taimaha te taikaha ko te takahi o te wahi gastrointestinal. Ka taea e waiho he ngoikoretanga o whākōkī pancreatic, te whakaiti o te ate, raruraru ki te nakunaku o kai tenei. I tua atu, i te mōrea o te mōmona kia he mōhiotia i te taumata ira.

He āhuatanga e whai wāhi ana ki te taonga taimaha, ngā enei:
- te whakamahi o inu huka kai kei roto i te rota o te huka ranei;
- mate endocrine pērā i hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, repe taiaki puku;
- disorders hinengaro (kai disorders);
- ahotea tūturu me kore o te moe;
- hormonal taero psychotropic ranei.

Kua whakaratohia Evolution o te roa i roto i te 2 miriona tau te huarahi o te haaputuputuraa o ngā matūkai i roto i te take ohorere koutou rere poto o te kai. A, ki te he pono e hoki te iwi onamata, e kore e hiahia ana te tangata hou taua "taonga". Heoi, hangaia to matou tinana kei roto i te ara taua e tauhohe reira stereotypically rite pai me te mana ino i te waho. Na reira, ko te raruraru o te mōmona tēnei wā tu na koi.

pathogenesis

mahia Ture o te moni tāpui me te whakaoreore taupuni ngako e te pāhekoheko matatini i waenganui i te pūnaha io me nga repe endocrine. Ko te take matua o te haaputuputuraa o te nui o lipids ko te ōritengakore o te uho kaka me te hypothalamus. Ko reira, ko e reira te pokapū o te hiahia ture. titau te tinana atu kai atu te kohi pūngao, na mahue te taikaha katoa te "i roto i te rahui", e tika ana ki te taonga taimaha , me te takanga o te kiko adipose te taikaha.

kia taua pokapū ruruku rawakore he huru congenital ka riro i roto i te mātauranga. I tua atu, i ētahi wā hua taua raruraru i whara, mumura, māuiuitanga endocrine ma'i.

A, no te te repe, uho adrenal me - timata ngā pūtau pancreatic ki te whakaatu i te mahi pathological me te nui o te taiki heke koi, tata katoa o te ngako me te kūhuka, e tomo te tinana, e takoto i roto i te kopa, i nga okana. arata'i tenei ki disorders morphological o te ate, tākihi, thyroid.

Classification BMI

Whakarōpū o te mōmona ko pai ki te tīmata ki te tetahi mohiotia e te ki te iwi whānui. Ka rite ki te tikanga, kawea te tātaritanga tuatahi o tenei mate i roto i runga i taua tohu rite taupū papatipu tinana (BMI). Tenei tau wehe uara whiwhi i muri i wehewehe taimaha i roto i kirokaramu i te teitei i roto i mita tapawha. He te hurihurihanga e whai ake nei o te mōmona i runga i tenei tohu:

1. takarepa papatipu - ki te he iti iho i te rite ki te 18.5 ranei te BMI.
2. kia te tinana taupū papatipu i roto i te whānuitanga o 18.5 ki te 25 - Pūnoa tinana taimaha.
3. Mua-mōmoma - he BMI mai i 25 ki te 30 ngā. I tenei wāhi, e faarahi te reira i te mōrea o te tahi-morbidities pērā i takawhita, bedsores me kope hikaka te.
4. hoatu te mōmona i roto i te 1 tohu ka te BMI he 30 ki te 35.
5. Te mōmona kōeke 2 - he tata ki te 40 ngā te taupū.
6. pāngia mōmona kōeke 3 te ka te taupū papatipu tinana nui atu i te 40 ngā, i te tangata he comorbidities.

whakarōpū Etiopatogenetichesky

Ko te whakarōpū e whai ake o te mōmona ko tetahi o te taipitopito tino i roto i tenei rohe, mai e te reira ki pūkete nga take me huarahi o te whanaketanga mate. E ai ki tenei mōmona tuatahi, me te tuarua taratahi. He Ia o ratou ona subclasses.

Ko te kupu, Kei te wehea te mōmona tuatahi ki:
- gluteal-femoral;
- puku;
- e tika ana ki te kai disorders;
- ahotea;
- pōreareatanga i te syndrome pūkoro.

I roto i te tuarua, te mōmona symptomatic taea ahu wha momoroto:

1. Tuku ira.
2. whakapataritari haaparuparu pukupuku, mate kino roro autoimmune ranei.
3. Endocrine meinga e pōrearea o te thyroid repe te ture o te pūnaha hypothalamic-rapae o, nga repe adrenal me gonads.
4. Rongoā e pā ana ki te tango steroids, te whakawhānau hormonal me cytostatics.

whakarōpū Clinico-pathogenetic

Ki te tangohia e tatou i te tikanga e arahi ki te putanga o te taimaha te taikaha, he reira taea ki te hanga i te whakarōpū taua o te mōmona:

- alimentary me te constitutive. e pā ana Taumaha taonga te ki te taikaha o te ngako i roto i te kai, me te sedentary. faaite te reira ano, te tikanga i roto i te tamarikitanga, a ka taea e te kōrero ki te predisposition tuku.
- Hypothalamic. Ko te hua i roto i te kiko adipose he tika ki te kino hypothalamic me, rite te putanga, he takahi o tona mahi neuroendocrine.
- endocrine. I te ngakau o te ngako ko te māuiuitanga o te repe endocrine - te rapae o, thyroid, repe adrenal.
- Iatrogenic. meinga te mōmona e wawaotanga hauora. kia rongoā, okana wahi tango o te whara o te pūnaha endocrine i te akoranga o te maimoatanga ranei me tokomaha ake tenei.

Whakarōpū i te localization o te kiko adipose

I muri i kitea whakamātautau o tūroro ki te mōmona i e wehea e kore katoa o reira te ōrite te. Na reira, i runga i te wā, te reira kua muia whakarōpū mōmona e hāngai ana i runga i te wāhi āhuatanga o te ngako tinana.

Ko te momo tuatahi, ano hoki e mohiotia ana ko runga, aka phi, te āhuatanga i roto i taua nuinga faarahi te hawhe o runga o te tinana, mata, kaki me ringa. puta te reira i atu pinepine i roto i te tangata, engari e taea hoki te kite i te reira i roto i nga wahine nei, kua tomo menopause. He maha o te kaituhi tohe e reira ko te hononga i waenganui i tenei momo o te mōmona me te mōrea o te whakawhanake i mate huka me te mate o te pūnaha Cardiovascular.

Te momo tuarua, raro gynoid ranei ko te kohinga o fatty kikokiko i runga i nga huha me papa, a he ake noa i roto i te hawhe ataahua o te tangata. Ko te ahua o nga wahine e te puka o "pea". Hoki e taea te whakawhanake i roto i te tamarikitanga, ki te hë pakaru o te kai noa. Comorbidities i roto i tenei take, ka waiho i te māuiuitanga o te tuarā, hononga, me pito o raro whatunga iaia.

Ko te momo tuatoru - mōmona whakauru takawaenga ranei. I roto i tenei take, atu te taimaha iti ranei whakanoho wehea i roto i te tinana mā te whakaene hope raina, kaki, papa.

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau i te mea te momo o te mōmona i huaina te manawanui, he mea e tika ana ki te whakatau i te ōwehenga o te paenga o te hope, me te hope. Ki te wahine tenei ahua nui ake i 0.85, me nga tangata nui ake i te kotahi, e taea te tohe i te reira e te tangata putanga tuatahi o te tohatoha o te kiko adipose.

whakarōpū morphological

Ahakoa pā huringa mōmona taumata katoa o te whakahaere o te ora, e kore te tinana noa rite te katoa, engari ano hoki whekau takitahi, te kopa, me te tae noa ki ngā pūtau. Adipocytes (ngā pūtau ngako), ka taea e amohia e te huringa kounga ine ranei. Tei runga i tenei tuku:

1. mōmona Hypertrophic. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e te hua rerekē i roto i te rahi o ngā pūtau ngako, i te noho tonu ratou tokomaha te taua.
2. mōmona Hyperplastic, i roto i nei e kaha wehewehe i nga adipocytes. puta tenei puka i roto i ngā tamariki, me te te tukinotia rawa kino, na me pehea ki te whakaiti i te maha o ngā pūtau e taea e ara tino pukuriri.
3. mōmona Mixed rite arorau ki te amo i te ranunga o te hunga o mua rua. Ko, e kore e whakanui ake anake te pūtau, engari kei te nui ake hoko ratou.

Ko te whakarōpū o te mōmona i roto i ngā tamariki

E ai ki ngā tatauranga, i roto i Russia reira e mamae e pā ana ki 12% o ngā tamariki i te taumaha. O enei, 8.5% o noho tāone me te 3.5% - taiwhenua. Mōmona i roto i ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi, kua meinga pathologies kia auau e kua whakaritea e pediatricians ki te whakauru i te wāhanga motuhake i roto i tona mahi mātauranga ki ngā mātua taitamariki i runga i te kai. whakaaro te mōmona te ki te waiho i te kāwanatanga i reira nui taimaha o te tamaiti 15% o tika ana ki tona tau. Ki te fakafekau'aki ki BMI, ka waiho tona uara ofi ki 30 ngā.

Wehewehe rua momo o te mōmona i roto i ngā tamariki: tuatahi, me te tuarua. meinga Paraimere, rite ki te tikanga, pohokore, maimoa wawe ranei kore i te waiu, uma ki kau. Engari e taea ano e te reira tuku, ki te nuinga he whānau e te iwi e e taumaha. Otiia ara i roto i tenei take, e kore e te tamaiti whanau ki te matotoru, tika pakanga reira iho koutou ka pākia, a ki te kai tika me te mahi, ka pupuri i te reira i to koutou taimaha i roto i rohe noa. Critical mō te mōmona tuatahi ko te toru tau tuatahi o te ora, me te pūhuruhurutanga.

e pā ana te mōmona Tuarua te ki te aroaro o disorders endocrine riro. Ko te paearu e i whakaritea te tohu o te huinga o te taimaha te taikaha e tonu taupatupatu. I whakaarohia e te tauine e whai ake nei:
- 1 tohu - taimaha nui atu i 15-25% o tohu;
- atamira 2 - i 25 ki te 49% mate taimaha;
- 3 tohu - ko nui i runga i 50-99% te papatipu;
- Grade 4 - taumaha i roto i rua, neke atu rānei ngā wā nui atu te rohe tau.

tohu

E waiwai rite ki tetahi ki tetahi tohu o te mōmona, anake te rerekētanga i roto i te taurite o te tohatoha o te muka te taikaha, a i roto i te aroaro o te tahi pathologies ratou ngaro ranei.

Nuinga o ngā wā puta i roto i te tūroro mōmona alimentary, e pā e te ki te takahi o te kai tonu. Ka rite ki te tikanga, i taua iwi i te predisposition ira ki te taonga taimaha, me te kohi nui o ahu kai ki te taonga taimaha. Tohu tupu i roto i te mau melo atoa o te utuafare, ia ratou e tango ngātahi kai. I tua atu, tenei momo o te mōmona wahine ruhiruhia e pängia ana e arahi te āhua sedentary no o ratou hauora rawakore.

Mōmona 1 tohu kitea i roto i te nuinga o te iwi e haere auau, rawa i roto i te ahiahi. Tenei tupu no te mea mo te parakuihi me te tina e kore e whai wa, me te hiahia. iwi hiakai i tina pau Calories rā, me te haere ki te moe.

āhuatanga mōmona Hypothalamic te kore anake taonga taimaha, engari ano hoki te aroaro o tohu o disorders o te pūnaha io me endocrine ture. Kei te tipu haere tere mōmona me te nuinga o te wā e kore e pā ana ki te huringa i roto i te kai. puta te nuinga ngako ki runga ki te mata mua o nga puku, huha me papa. Kia meinga huringa arataukai: kiri maroke, tohu totoro, makawe mate. Enei tūroro amuamu o ohoroa, pāhoahoa me whanoke. Toketā neave te tikanga e taea te kitea abnormalities i roto i to ratou mara.

tātaringa

Iwi ki te mōmona i te faaino tino iti ki tona huru, na ki te whakapati ranei faahepo ia ratou ki te haere ki te tākuta noa mo te kōrero ohie - kahore mea ohie. Ko reira tino tetahi - tūroro tafe'anga toketā neave ranei. Ratou e hiahia ana ratou ki te kia whakamatauria me ki te whakaiti i taimaha mo te whakaora hohoro.

Ko te paearu tino whakamahia nuitia mo te tātaritanga o te taumaha - he BMI o te mōmona. Ko e founga te taimaha i runga i te tūturu pai. Hei whakatau i te pakeke, ko te nui e kore anake ki te whakamatau i te oraraa o te taimaha te taikaha, engari ano hoki i te meka e te whakatinana ai i te utu o te kiko adipose, a kihai te papatipu uaua. Na reira, i roto i te mahi hauora e kaha ngana ki te whakauru huarahi ki te whakatau rite papatipu ngako, nui atu i te katoa taimaha tinana.

takoto Norma te hāngai i runga i ngā raraunga tatauranga kohia e ngā tākuta o tino ngā i runga i te tau o te mahi. Hoki ia sex, tau, me te tomairangi tinana i reira e tātai kua tepu nga uara me ngā tikanga o te māuiuitanga. Kua kitea Scientists e centenarians taimaha 10% iti iho i te noa. pāngia mōmona mehameha i roto i te take te ritenga atu, ina kua haere 10% i te taimaha te rohe o runga o te whakaaetia.

He maha ngā tātai ki te tātai i te taimaha tinana pai. Ko tētahi o ratou mohio nga kotiro katoa - i ki te tupu i roto i te hiahia tango i te rau henimita. Ko te tokomaha hua ko te uara e hiahiatia ana. Ko te mea tino here, me te ako hārakiraki. tika atu ko te BMI Quetelet ranei taupū, i whakakitea i runga ake. Ine i te paenga o te hope, me hope, rawa, he reira o faufaa nui i roto i te kiripuaki o te mōmona, mai tei te wāhi o te ngako ki runga ki te take, meinga nei e taonga taimaha.

maimoatanga

Ko te whawhai ki te mōmona e te ngakau-me nga wahi katoa. Na e hāpai te pāpāho i te āhua noho hauora me te fifi o te, tinana tu'aro ataahua. O te akoranga, ki te kawe i te āhuatanga ki te absurdity kore utu reira, engari ko te aronga whānui o te kaupapa taitamarikitanga meinga te i runga i dekadansnaya Yitonia.

Ko te mau parau tumu o te maimoatanga o te mōmona ngā:
- he kai taonga i roto i te warowaihā matatini me te muka, te huaora, nati me otaota. Kia tino ki te whakawhāiti i tunu, sweets me inu waireka.
- mahi, kia e whakapakari i te tinana, me te tere ake ka pākia.
- ki te rongoā whakaiti taimaha, me te hiahia;
- hinengaro;
- maimoatanga hāparapara.

Hei whakatutuki i ngā hua wā roa-o tetahi momo o maimoatanga, e hiahia ana koe ki te huri i tō kai me te auau o te kai. Kei te whakapono te reira e he maumau i te whawhai ki te mōmona te kai, engari te āwhina ratou ki te whakakotahi i te taimaha tutuki, ka ārai hoki mate. Te Health Organization World taunaki ana ki te tātai i te ihirangi caloric o te kai e whakamahi ana te manawanui i roto i te aratau noa, a āta whakaiti i te nui o Calories. He mea tika ki te tae te tohu o 1500 - 1200 kcal, ngā e kore e te tangata panamaha koe i te pae tino.

hāngai hinengaro i te whakapakari i te mana'o puai, me te mana-whaiaro i roto i te pā ana ki te horomanga kai me te ti'aturiraa i runga i te kai nohopuku me te houra huka. Rongoā i roto i te tukanga o te whakaiti taimaha āwhina whakatutuki pānga wā-poto anake. I muri korenga atu o te pire, te hoki manawanui ki te ara mua o te ora, a ka kore e ū ki te tūtohutanga riro i rere. Ahakoa te meka e inaianei ki te ahumahi ho'oraa whakahere he kōwhiringa nui o maimoatanga mō te taumaha, tata katoa o ratou rāhuitia hoki o ngā pānga taha.

Ki ngā tikanga hāparapara suturing te puku, rongonui i roto i nga Heoi o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ko te ngako o te mahi, ko te e te wehea te tinana ki e rua nga wahi taurite, me ki he iti sutured te whēkau iti. Ko te kupu, Kei te heke te rōrahi pekitīlia a, me te tere o te wahi o te kai riro teitei. Ko te kōwhiringa tuarua - paihere i pekitīlia. eke te taha cardiac mowhiti e iti mai te lumen o te pū kai, me te kai mo te tutukitanga tāwhaiwhai, pokapū waiwai hōhā, tuku i te manawanui ki te kai iti.

He aha te momo o te mōmona ko te tino mōrearea? Pea te katoa. No tetahi e taea te mea e he whai hua ki te tangata te taonga. Ko te taumata pakeke tei runga i te āhua o nui te taimaha tūturu te täkupu, me tetahi comorbidities e ia.