Ajax - He aha te mea te reira? Tukutahingakore JavaScript me XML: huapai me ngā huakore

Na ka taea e koe te mataara i runga i te ipurangi whiwhi rongonui te whakamahi me te tono o hangarau hou. Ko tētahi o ratou - ko AJAX. He aha te mea te reira? He aha ngā āhuatanga e whai i te reira? Hea ki te tono? Ka enei pātai katoa e kitea te whakahoki i roto i tenei tuhinga.

mōhiohio whānui

Kia pehea te tu AJAX? Eaha te auraa? Tenei whakaiti Ko te acronym. tu te reira hoki TukutahingaKore Javascript me XML ( "TukutahingaKore Javascript me IKSML"). Pinepine e taea e koe te kite i rongo i te kōrero e tenei hangarau hou ranei. Otiia e kore e he pono tenei. Ko te meka e Javascript me XML, i reira e kua tino he roa te wa, te mea te "Ajax" ko te kōtuitui o enei hangarau. Nuinga o ngā wā e whakamahia ai i roto i te taha ki te Tukutuku wā 2.0 me te matau rite te whakamahi o ngā tikanga hoahoa matatau.

Na te aha āhuatanga?

Na, kua whai tatou he whakaaro whānui o te mea ko te AJAX. He aha homai reira tatou i roto i te mahi? He aha te he kōrero kaha e pā ana ki tona tono? Ko te taa o tenei hangarau - ko e ina whakamahi koe i kore e hiahia ana i te reira ki te oranga i te whārangi katoa i te tono tuatahi. I muri i te katoa, ka taea e koe te tono raraunga hou anake hoki tetahi wahi o reira. Ko te watea tenei (no te mea ki te iti te wa i koe tatari), me te utu (mo te hunga e kore e nei ipurangi mutunga). Heoi, ki te whakamōhio i te kaiwhakamahi e pā ana ki te mea kei te tupu whakamohoa he minaminatia ki te whakamahi i ngā karere i te iti rawa i te tohu kawenga kuputuhi ranei e e pā ana ki raraunga hou i te tūmau. Ka rite ki te hangarau minuses kei te maha ki te meka e kore e te reira te tautoko taonga tuku, me te kuputuhi pūtirotiro. Na te kaha ki te mono hangarau Javascript ko i te kaiwhakamahi i te maha, me te koa. Na reira, e kore e koutou kino i AJAX. E taea te hoatu i te reira, ki te kore ki te whakarato tikanga o te whakarato mōhiohio kē? I roto i te take pai, te mōhiohio e kore e whakaaturia tika i runga i te pae. I roto i te kino rawa - ko na pāngia e kore te kaiwhakamahi kua ki hoki tona ahua.

Painga o "Ajax"

Tenei hangarau tuku e rua ngā tikanga e e taea te mohio i te whārangi tukutuku. Ko te tuatahi ngā hanga huringa kahore rebooting. Ka taea te rite tenei ki te tono hihiri ki te tūmau. Ko te tuarua Ko tā te whakamahi o hangarau motuhake, te tino rongonui o e ko te XMLHttpRequest. Āhua ake painga, "Ajax" taea te mea i te whai ake:

1. Ka taea e koe te hanga i tētahi tono e hāngai ana tukutuku-watea, e ka whai atanga he maha katoa o ngā āhuatanga pai mō te kaiwhakamahi, me te hua e ngā pāhekoheko tangata, me te paetukutuku.
2. Engari o te whārangi ki tonu uta anō i te kanohi. whakaora tenei rauemi, me te aa mahi mīhini.
3. Ko te kaha pāhekoheko ki te kaiwhakamahi te wahi tūmau o te pae.
4. Whai hua hoki te whakatinanatanga o te maha o ngā whakaaro.

Communicating

Here, mo te tauira, Me he puka urupare, e taea te whakamahi ki te tohutohu kiritaki. Pehea e taea te mahi i te reira? Tuatahi ti'a ia tatou ki te tango i tiaki o te "kawe" o ngā mōhiohio. Ki te mahi i tenei, e hiahia ana koe ki te waihanga i tētahi ahanoa XMLHttpRequest. mahi ia hei takawaenga i waenganui i te tūmau me te pūtirotiro o te kaiwhakamahi. Ki tenei ahanoa ka unga tono, me te farii i te mau pahonoraa ki a ratou. Hoki te utu raraunga tika, e hiahia ana matou AJAX PHP. kia whakatinana ai ēnei taputapu mā te whakamahi i GET- POST-uiui ranei. I roto i tenei take, ka kia haere nga tautohetohe tika tika i roto i te URL. I te wa ano e rere i te reira i te mahi, a mo te whakarite e kore te haukotia te whakawhitinga raraunga. Otiia me pehea ki te whakatinana i AJAX-tono? Tūtohu te whakamahi i POST. Ngā mihi ki a ia, ka taea e koe te whakawhiti i te nui mutunga kore o ngā raraunga, e, ano, he nui atu uaua ki te uru.

parau tumu o te mahi

Kia pehea te Ko te TukutahingaKore Javascript me XML i roto i mahi? Kia matau o tenei ki te tauira. Hanga ki te faatura ki te hanganga e hiahia ana koe ki te kia e te wahi kiritaki whakarato te taumahinga tika katoa hoki utu raraunga haumaru. kia whakarato te reira i te tikanga e tika ana mō te whakawhitihia ngā mōhiohio tīpakohia ara. Ko te wahi tūmau kia whakarite e ki te tukatuka o nga raraunga, ka, e hāngai ana ki runga ki a ratou kua, whakaputa ngā mōhiohio hou ki muri haere i te reira i runga i ki te kiritaki. Ko te momo tino noa o te pāhekoheko ko ki te mahi ki te pātengi raraunga. Kua whakahuatia i mua matou ko te huānga o maha ngā pae mahi rite te ahua o te urupare. Ko te painga o "Ajax" i roto i tenei take, ko te e mau te reira whakawhiti raraunga tukutahingakore. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ia ia e tuku i te mōhiohio e, ka taea e te kaiwhakamahi te mahi i nga mahi e tika ana katoa ki a ia. Te arotahi ki runga i te pau o ia take, me whakatau koe ranei e hiahia ana koe i tenei tukanga ki te whakamōhio i te manuhiri o te pae. Pātahi ana ki te puka urupare taua kia mea e i roto i tenei take e taea tatou te tuhituhi "waea operator te whakahoki", te tahi mea rite ranei.

whakautu tūmau

Ka taea e kore ia haere mai anake mo te XML, rite koe kia whakaaro hoki o te ingoa o te hangarau. I tua atu, e taea te tuku i te reira rite kuputuhi mania JSON ranei. I roto i te take tuatahi taea te whakaatu tonu te kōrero i runga i te whārangi. Ki te whakamahi i XML, e hiahia ana koe ki te tango i te tiaki o taua-kōnae AJAX i tukatuka kua tika i roto i te pūtirotiro kiritaki. raraunga katoa i roto i tenei take e tahuri ki (X) HTML. A, no te whakamahi i te hōputu JSON, e hiahia ana koe ki te mahi i te waehere ki te tiki i te ahanoa tonu Javascript. He mea tika ki kia tupato, me te ki te tango ki pūkete te meka e rite maha mūrere ki te tuku waehere kino i te tikanga o tenei hangarau. Ko Koia i tika ki te whakarato hoki i te tukanga whakaū raraunga i mua i e tukatuka ratou. kia kia paku rerekē Āhuatanga o te whakatutukitanga mō pūtirotiro rerekē, engari i roto i te whānui, i te mahi i konei he kotahi kaupapa.

hanga tatou i te tono ki te tūmau me te tukatuka whakautu

Ko te raupapa katoa o ngā mahi he rite whai:

1. I te tīmatanga, Me koe ki te waihanga me te ki kia tino e reira ko XMLHttpRequest.
2. Na ka initializes hononga tūmau.
3. Tukua te tono ki reira.
4. tatari matou mo ki raraunga haere mai, a tukatuka ratou.

kia korero te reira a koutou e pā ana ki etahi o nga āhuatanga i runga i te hanganga o te ahanoa. Ka taea te kōkiri te reira i roto i tetahi wahi i reira ko reira taea anake i roto i te anga o te reo papatono. Otiia ki te i hoatu e ia te mana o te ao, i roto i tetahi wāhi kotahi i roto i te wa hoki reira ki te kia taea ki te mahi ki tetahi anake tono. I tenei wāhi, e hiahia ana koe ki te whakarongo tata. No nia i maimoatanga - konei arotahi tatou i runga i te mea whiriwhiri. Na, ki te ki te tukatuka i te raraunga XML DOM-mahi, me te whakaatu i te kaiwhakamahi kua te hua mutunga i HTML. Na te aha ki te mahi ki a JSON-tauanga? kia mohio ki te reira e ko te reira i te momotuhi ahanoa Javascript. Eaha te auraa? Nā JSON taea te māngai he ahanoa rite te aho. Engari me mahara ai e kore te mea haumaru tenei tikanga ki te tonu, a ka hiahia tetahi rota o ngā āhuatanga ki te kia whakaaro. Otiia, i roto i te whānui, he reira tino ngāwari.

reo hōtaka Tūmau-taha

Tata whakamahi ratou tetahi tono e hāngai ana tukutuku-i roto i te kotahi ara ranei tetahi. Hoki te tuku raraunga ko te PHP tino rongonui. I reira te tikanga tuhituhi kōnae mō ngā pae, te wahi e kore he tino auau tuku raraunga, me te toenga meinga i waenganui ia me te tika. tikanga XMLHttpRequest tuku kōrero i runga ake.

whirihora tūmau

He aha ngā hōtaka e hiahiatia i roto i te tikanga ki te tino whakahaere AJAX? He aha e homai ki a matou i tenei? He aha e ratou mo? Ki te whiwhi pahonoraa ki enei pātai, kia waia koe koe ki te rārangi e whai ake nei:

1. HTML / XHTML. E hiahiatia ana ratou mo te tūmau ki ite i te tahora whārangi.
2. CSS. he tika hoki kōwhiringa ataata o te hoahoa whārangi tenei taputapu.
3. DOM. Kei te hiahiatia te reira i roto i te tikanga ki te whakarite i te huringa hihiri i te whārangi hei whakautu ki te mahi i te kaiwhakamahi.
4. XML. Kei te hiahiatia mō te whakawhiti raraunga i waenga i te kiritaki me te tūmau.
5. JavaScript. E ti'a ia tatou ki te hanga i te pehu "Ajax" me te whakarato tauwhitinga.
6. XMLHttpRequest. Ahanoa i roto i nei e tuku atu uiui ki te tūmau.

Mā te whakamahi i te pae

Na, i tatou i teie nei e rua te matauranga me whakaaro e pā ana ki te āhua o te AJAX ariā. Te tuku raraunga Ko inaianei titau noa tetahi mahi. Kia titiro tatou i roto i te whānui, me pehea ki te whakatata te whakatinanatanga o te mahi mā te whakamahi i te "Ajax". Na, e ti'a ia tatou ki te hanga i tētahi pātengi raraunga atekōkiri. A ka rerekē ratou whakaaro e taea te whakahaeretia. Me kï reira e ko te tino nui te pātengi raraunga i runga ake, na tika tonoa ai e ahau ki te kiritaki, me kua reira ki te whakahere ki te hanga i te kōwhiringa mā te whakamahi i JavaScript e kore e hanga tikanga. Ko hoki reira e minaminatia ki te ake te tāuta i te whārangi tukutuku e tika ki te tawhā kotahi. I te tūmau e hapai i tono hōtuhi PHP motuhake. whakatinana te pātengi raraunga e rite te-kōnae XML.

Mō pātengi raraunga

Ko reira e tika ana ki te mahi i roto i tona hanganga. A he aha, ki te nga tawhā haere, e ko te taonga? I roto i te take i taua he mea e tika ana ki te whakarato mo te hanganga o te tāupe, te wahi i reira ka kia kore hono reira ki te hui karanga i te mahi. Hei taea ki te uru i te reira i hea te mea e tika ana ki te hanga i te waehere ao. Hoki te haratau, he reira e minaminatia ki te whakamahi i te pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga. O te akoranga, e kore te mea e tika ana tenei. Ko tuku tonu te whakamahi o te pātengi raraunga ki te mahi whakamarie ake me whai hua ki te raraunga.

Kei te mahi tatou i runga i te mahi pūkaha

Pehea i ka tupu katoa? Heoi, i reira haere mai he hui etahi, e ka meinga te mahi motuhake. ka taka e ia he GET POST-raraunga ranei kia e ka tonoa. Reira ka karanga te mahi, e ka te karanga ki te URL o te hōtuhi tūmau. He mea tika ki te tauhononga te hanganga o XMLHttpRequest-ahanoa. kia penapena te tohutoro ki reira i roto i te tāupe. I muri kua te raraunga kua tonoa ki te tūmau, me tatari koe mo te whakautu i ia. Ki te mahi i tenei, ka taea e koe te tahuri ki runga ki "wiretapping" ki te whiwhi mōhiohio (ki te matau, e haere mai, me te ka) ki te whakarato i tētahi mahi e ka kia rite ki te farii i raraunga tonu ranei. Ko iti pono i roto i te take o te āhuatanga faahiahia te whakatinanatanga tuatahi. Ko te ite tuarua - atu utu i roto i ngā o ngā rauemi. Ahakoa, ki te te mahi reira anake ki te faatura ki tetahi tāupe, e kore e pā reira te Internet nohopuku. Otiia ki te mea i reira he rau me mano, a ka whai ratou i te taumira teitei, - katahi ka waiho tetahi atu mea. reira i te mea e tika ana ki te rapu i te toenga i waenganui i te whakamahi o ngā rauemi e wātea ana, me te whai huatanga. I muri i te katoa, kia matau ai e kore katoa i te mahara ki te 16 GB. kia whakaturia tenei he wa etahi tatari i muri i whakakapia te raraunga o mua mōhiohio ranei e kore e wātea te tūmau i tenei wa.

āhuatanga

A, no te whakamahi i te "Ajax" e hanga e te atanga mo te whārangi tono ranei, e hiahia ana koe ki te hanga i tino e mahi pai i te hua i runga i ngā pūnaha whakahaere rerekē, me i pūtirotiro rerekē. I roto i te take tuatahi ka taea ki te whakarato Hōrite āwhina tino taonga. I roto i te take tuarua, ka waiho te reira nui noa ki te tāuta i te whānuitanga o ngā hōtaka, me te whakamatautau e ratou te taumahinga o te waehere. Ko reira ano hoki e tika ana ki te whakarato i hoki etahi mahi, me, i roto i te take ka pūtirotiro o te kaiwhakamahi kia whakamahia i roto o te rā ranei ka tutaki i te reira atu nga tautuhinga e tika ana. I roto i ngā take pēnei i, kia tiaki kia riro mo te withdrawal o te kuputuhi i te whārangi, te parau i te take he aha e kore e taea te pae mātakitaki i roto i tenei take. Ae, i teie nei te nuinga o te iwi mā te whakamahi i te hangarau hou, engari e kore e tino kia haere o te aro ki te tūponotanga, me te meka e ka whakamahi i te ōrau torutoru o manuhiri etahi pūmanawa tawhito. A i roto i te tauine pakihi e taea whai reira mau hopearaa tino.

mutunga

E haere mai ki te mutunga arorau o tenei tuhinga. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki "Ajax" i runga i te katoa, ka taea tenei taputapu ki a koe te hanga i tētahi paetukutuku tino ataahua, me te āhuatanga-taonga e mahi hohoro a ki te tahora mātau whakaora ki ona kaiwhakamahi i te pai. Käore e kore e reira e kia noa hangarau atu matatau i roto i te heke mai, engari mo tenei ka whakamahi matou he aha to tatou. Ka rite ki te whakapai ake o ngā reo hōtaka me ngā tikanga, ko te tino taea, a ka he te kōwhiringa e ka e wātea tenei, nga tikanga e ka waihanga noa atu hua-kounga tiketike. Engari kia e rite ai i te reira, te mahi e hiahiatia ana inaianei e ko. Na tenei ingoa - "Ajax".