Battle o Narva Whiringa 30, 1700 ( "Narva te whakamā"). Ko te hiranga hītori o te whawhai

Ko te Battle o Narva ko te whakamātautau nui tuatahi mō te Russian Army i te Pakanga Northern. I roto i te 1700 kahore tetahi whakaaro e ka muri hoki e rua tekau tau te pakanga. Na reira, "Narva haama" te titiro ki te maha kore mate.

MURI te whawhai

Great Northern War tīmata hoki o te meka i tamata Pita ki te tiki i te whanga watea i runga i te Moana Baltic. kotahi no enei whenua ki te kingitanga Russian, Heoi, i ngaro i roto i nga aue o te rau tau XVII. I roto i nei tau i reira ko he "haama Narva"? I roto i te 1700 m. I tenei wa, ko te kuao tsar Russian i hanga i te rota o mahere ki te taui Russia ki te mana tūturu ao.

I 1698 Pita i taea ki te whakatutuki angitu takawaenga ahau. Kingi o Poland me kaipooti o Saxony, mutu Akuhata II ki a ia he haumi huna ki Sweden. I muri mai piri tenei whakaaetanga te ariki Frederick IV o Denmark.

Ki te taua hoa i muri ia ia, i tumanako Pita ki ngāue noa ki Sweden. haere mai Kingi Karl XII o te whenua ki te torona i te tino taitama tau ka puta hoariri ngoikore. Ko te whakaaro taketake o Pita ka Ingermanlandia. Ko te rohe o hou rohe Leningrad. Ko te pa nui rawa i roto i te rohe ko Narva. Hoki a ka haere ki te hōia Russian.

February 22, 1700, i whakaatu Pita whawhai i runga i Sweden, i muri tonu ako o te tiriti te rongo ki te Ottoman Empire, e whakaora ia ia i te pakanga i runga i rua akina. Otiia, e kore ia i mohio he aha ki te titau Narva te whakamā.

Ko te āhua o te ope Russian

rite ki te whawhai ki tona hoa raki i roto i mua. Heoi, e kore e tenei kī angitu. Kei te ora tonu te ope Russian rau XVII, me muri i te ope patu Pākehā i roto i ngā hangarau. Just ona rarangi taua e pā ana ki te 200,000 hoia, he tokomaha i nga. Heoi, e kore katoa o ratou i whai haumarutanga rauemi nui, mātauranga me te ako pono.

tamata Pita ki te whakarite i te ope o te tauira hou uru. Ki tenei mutunga, karangatia ia i te whenua Pākehā o tohunga rerekē - te nuinga Tiamana me Tatimana. Kua te pere i whiriwhiri tika, engari i te 1700 ū e rua anake Tuhinga ki paerewa me ngā whakaritenga katoa. Hei whakahou a kia whai i te rota o te wā anō-whakangungu, a ko Pita i roto i te hohoro ki te whakaoti o ratou hoariri i roto i te tumanako e ka hoatu ai ki a ia i te painga o te ohorere.

Na roto i te timatanga o te Northern War nui, Russia kore e tonu hua ona ake pū. I tua atu, fehangahangai i te tīmatanga i te ope ki te raruraru pērā i te pūnaha ikiiki underdeveloped. I roto i te kino ara rangi i roto i te wāhi o te raki ko te wero tino mo nga hoia, e i ki hinga neke atu i te kotahi mano kiromita. whai wāhi hoki ēnei āhuatanga ki te āhuatanga, i ka mohiotia rite Narva te whakamā.

Ko te āhua o te ope o Huitene

hoa Northern Russia, i te rerekē, i mohiotia puta noa i Europe o tona ope pai-whakaritea. Ko te reforomatio rongonui o Kingi Gustav Ii Adolf, e wehi ana hoariri i roto i nga Tau toru 'War (1618-1648).

ngā kaieke hoiho Huitene o kaikirimana e riro i te utu nui. haina hōia mō te whakaurunga herea ki te kawanatanga ngā, engari hōia, me te pai-roaa. I wehea te ope ki rērere me matua ra, e tōtika te taunekeneke i runga i te parekura. tikanga ia hoia e ki kino te papaki, e awhinatia ia i roto i te whawhai. Neke atu i te te rau tau mua riro te ope Swedish he wikitoria anake, a ko reira timata te whakawhetai ki a ia whenua tona roha i Northern Europe. Ko he hoariri pāharakeke, te underestimation o te mana o e tahuri hape mate.

Events i runga i te mahana o te whawhai

Whiringa 17, ka korerotia e Boris Sheremetev te kingi e e haere mai i te Swedes me he tino tata. No tetahi whakahaere ite noa, a i roto i te puni Russian tata Narva kihai i mohio ki te nui tangohia o ngā hōia hoariri. Pita ahau, ka ako e pā ana ki te huarahi o te hoariri, i mahue ki Novgorod ki Alexander Menshikov me Fedor Golovin. Whakahaua a Field Marshal Charles-Evgeniy Krua. Duke (ko e tona taitara) tamata ki te pato'ii te whakatau a te kingi, ahakoa, i kore taea ki te riria Pita.

I muri mai, faataa te kingi tona mahi i te meka i hiahiatia e ia ki te whakatau ki te kingi o Poland, me te mauranga me te kapi rāhui. I te wa ano nga Swedes i muri i to ratou wikitoria tamata ki te titiro ki tenei wāhanga rite wehi o te kingi. Narva whakamā Russian ko te take mo te tuku o metara whakamaharatanga tohu te tangi a Pita.

Construction o te ope Russian

i nga hoia i raro i te aronga o Croix mea katoa ki te riro i te tunga i runga i te pareparenga o te awa Narva. Ki te mahi i tenei, i te taha ki te hauauru i hanga pa kaha. i wehea te ope katoa e toru nga wahi. Ko te taha matau o te nohoia Avtomonov Golovin o e pā ana ki 14 mano iwi. I roto i te waenga, i tu Prince Troubetzkoy me tona rōpū. I raro i tona whakahau i 6000 iwi. Ko te maui ko te eke hoiho, e whakarongo ki Sheremetev.

A, no te ka reira mārama e kua te Swedes tino tata, ka mea de Croix te ope ki te tango ake tūranga. i totoro Communications ki whitu kiromita. Ko te kupu i ngā hōia Unuhia angiangi. Muri ratou i reira ko kahore he rahui rāhui ranei wiki.

rautaki Karl

I te ata o Noema 30, ka whakatata 1700 te ope Swedish nga tūranga Russian. Narva tata pokaikaha. mohiotia te rā o te whawhai e toru puna. Ki te kōrero koe ki te maramataka mua whakahou-, ka mau te whawhai wahi i runga i 19 Whiringa-i roto i te Swedish - 20 Whiringa-i runga i te o nāianei - i runga i te 30 Whiringa-.

Ko te ahua o nga Swedes haere mai rite te ohorere, ahakoa te faaineineraa o mua katoa. Sheremetev i te kaunihera hōia whakaarohia ki wehe te ope. Wāhanga o reira ko ki te haere ki te pā o Narva me te tahi atu - ki te hoatu te whawhai whakatakotoria ki te Swedes i te parae. kihai i Duke whakaae ki tenei kaupapa, me te faaoti ki te waiho i te kaupapa ki te taitamariki ariki Swedish, e arahina ia ana hōia. Croix de whakapono e te ope Russian he whawhai-rite, ki te noho tonu ki runga ki nga tūranga tawhito.

i pai te mōhio o te āhuatanga o te hoariri nga Swedes, na i taea ki te whakawhanake i te rautaki whai hua tino. faaoti Karl XII ki pēhi i te hope o Russian te tino taiepa rite ko hōia Center ka i taea ki te hinga i te kingi. A pera tonu te meatanga Narva te whakamā. Great Northern War, kia kua i hua rerekē, ki te kahore te pai strategists Swedish - Karl Renshild me Arvid Horn. hoatu ratou whakaaro whakaaro nui ki te ariki taitama, ko ia he tangata, engari i taea e meinga e ia te hape i waho te tautoko o te feia faatere hōia.

whawhai o nga Swedes

Narva whakamā - ko reira kino taka Russian kore anake mo te whawhai, engari whakaeke uira o te hoariri. hiahia nga Swedes ki te pēhi pa tona hoariri. Na ngā ngaro ruma mo te nekeneke whakautu. Ko te ara anake ki mawhiti te matao arahina ki te awa Narva.

hipoki te hōia i te taha o pū, i whakapumautia nga Swedes i runga i tuku i te tirohanga pai o te whenua tata he pukepuke,. Hukarere ki ko tetahi take e puta Narva te whakamā. Ko reira Swedes waimarie. Te hau i pupuhi i roto i te mata o hoia Russian. kihai i nui ake Tirohanga hikoinga i te tatini e kino kino ia ki te hoki mai te ahi.

I 2 haora i roto i te ahiahi hit e rua poro Swedish hohonu totoro te hope ope Russian. Tino hohoro i reira nga rua i roto i nga wahi e toru te wahi i taka Karl aro ki te whakaata. Ko hi'oraa arotau Swedes, ka Narva te whakamā mooni. He uaua ki te pe si◊aki tona faufaa, no te mea i muri i o haora i te tokorua, ka whawhati te hoariri ki te puni Russian.

tīmata ahau ki te mataku me te whakarerenga. Rerenga kahore kōwhiringa, engari ki te ngana ki te haere te mātinitini o Narva. paremo te wai haupapa e pā ana ki te mano iwi. I mua ki taua, ka oho te awa he iti piriti Pontoon, kihai i taea e nei te pato'ii te aroraa o te rerenga, ka hinga, i nui haere anake te maha o patunga. Narva haama, ko nei rā he ra pango mo te hītori hōia Russian, i mārama.

hoatu tianara Foreign i te matenga o nga hoia Pita, timata ano ratou i a taea, i riri te rangatira Russian. I roto ia ratou ko ia he de Croix, me te Ludwig Allart. tukua ratou ki nga Swedes, kia mawhiti i o ratou ake hoia.

hoatu te ātete rahi i runga i te parirau matau. Konei i te hoia Russian taiepa i catapults hoariri me kaata. Heoi, i taea e te reira kore huri te putanga o te whawhai. I te ahiahi, kua mauähara te āhuatanga. Kei te mohiotia te reira i wāhanga, ka tangohia e rua kapa Swedish i roto i te pouri ia atu i te Russian, ka whakatuwheratia ahi i runga i to ratou taua. i pakaru Center, a no te mea o tenei taha e rua i te parururaa e kore i taea e ratou te haere mai ki te whakapā ki ia atu.

tukunga

Ko te timatanga o te Pakanga Northern. Narva whakamā ko meka kino engari oreraa. I roto i te ata te toenga o nga tūranga o ngā hōia Russian, faaoti ki te tīmata whiriwhiringa mō te tukunga. Ko te rangaawatea matua ko Prince Yakov Dolgorukov. whakaritea e ia ki nga Swedes i runga i te haere noa ki te uta ritenga. I te wa ano, i tangohia te ope Russian o te pikaunga, me te pū, engari noho ia kara me patu.

haere Swedes ki tino taonga: 32 mano moni i te taonga o te kingi, 20,000 pū. He parekura taikaha. Ki te ngaro nga Swedes i patua 670 iwi, te Russian - 7000. noho 700 hoia i roto i te whakarau, e poka ki nga ngā o tukunga.

uara

ka tahuri te Russian ki Narva whakamā? Ko te hiranga hītori o tenei hui kua hopearaa wā roa-. Ko te tuatahi patua ingoa o Russia. mutu tona ope ki te kia tangohia tino i roto i Europe. Neke atu i te Pita nuitia tawaia, a mo tona rongo Carl rangatira toa.

Otiia, whakaaturia wa kua e ko te reira he wikitoria Pyrrhic mo nga Swedes. faaoti Carl e kore he mōrearea Russia, ka anga ka ki te whawhai ki a Poland ko Denmark. ka mau a Pita painga o te tānga manawa. ka mau ia ake te whakahou hōia i roto i te āhua, i ripeneta te ope, me te hoatu ki roto te reira i te nui rahi o ngā rauemi.

whanau tenei kua hua. I roto i te tau torutoru, ako te ao o te whakaora Russian i roto i te Moana Baltic. ka mau wahi te whawhai matua tata ana Poltava i 1709. patua nga Swedes i a rere Charles. ka te reira mārama e mo te katoa o Russia, piro nui, i whai hua te whakamā Narva. Grengamskoe whawhai ngā kōrero tangohia Sweden mana pare o te mana tino i roto i te Moana Baltic. hainatia te tiriti te rongo i roto i 1721, i raro i i riro Russia te rota o te whenua, me tauranga i roto i te rohe. Here i hanga ki St. Petersburg - te whakapaipai hou o te whenua. Ko te Battle o Poltava, Narva haama Grengamskoe whawhai - kua riro enei ngā katoa te tohu o te kanapa me te wero i te wā Petrine.