Battle o Poltava whakarāpopoto te mea tino nui

I roto i te katoa Northern War ko kahore whawhai nui ake atu i te pakanga o Poltava. I roto i te poto, ia te mutunga ke te akoranga o te pakanga. ko Sweden i te ngoikoretanga, a ka i ia ki te hanga whārangi ki tautooraa a Russia.

Events i runga i te mahana o

Pita tīmata te whawhai ki a Sweden i roto i te tikanga ki te riro i te tunga i runga i te rohe Paratiki. I roto i ana moe, ko Russia he mana nui moana. Te reira i Paratiki kua riro te parekura matua. I roto i 1700, te ope Russian, kua tika i timata ki te wheako hanganga, ngaro te whawhai o Narva. whakamahia Kingi Karl XII tona angitu ki te tango ake tetahi o tona hoa tauwhainga - te arii Polish II o Akuhata, e tautoko Pita i te timatanga o te pakanga.

Na tawhiti, ko te ope matua Swedish tawhiti ki te hauauru, ka tahuri te tsar Russian ōhanga o tona whenua i runga i te taahiraa whawhai. Ia i roto i te wa poto whakahaere ki te waihanga i tētahi ope hou. ko te hou, ako i roto i te tikanga Pākehā ope kua whakahaere te reira e rave rahi ngā mahi angitu i roto i te Baltic States, tae atu i roto i Courland me i nga tahatika o te Neva. I te mangai o te awa, i whakaturia a Pita te tauranga me te whakapaipai emepaea heke mai o St Petersburg.

Na hopea wahia Karl XII te kingi Polish, a kawea ana ia ki waho o te whawhai. I roto i tona ngaro, kua noho te ope Russian he wahi nui o te rohe Swedish, engari tonu kihai i whai ia ki te whawhai i te ope matua o te hoariri. Carl, e hiahia ana ki te patu i te mate ki te hoariri, faaoti ia ki te haere tika tonu ki Russia, i reira ki te riro i te wikitoria whakatakotoria i roto i te pakanga roa. Ko te aha i reira ko tetahi whawhai o Poltava. Nounou, Ko te wāhi o te whawhai i matara atu i te mua o te tūranga o mua. oho Karl ki te tonga - i roto i te koraha Ukrainian.

tinihanga o Mazepa

I runga i te eve o te whawhai whakatakotoria ako a Pita e Hetman Cossacks papahoro Ivan Mazepa ki Charles XII. i korero ia ki te āwhina i te Kingi o Sweden i te nui o te maha mano kaieke pai-whakangungua. arahina te tinihanga kingi Russian riri. Hōia ka anga tona ope ki te whakapae, ka hopu i te pa Cossack i Ukraine. Ahakoa te tinihanga o Mazepa, o nga Cossacks noho mateaki ki Russia. whiriwhiria enei Cossacks he hetman hou Ivan Skoropadsky.

I hiahiatia wawe āwhina Mazepa ki Charles XII. haere te ariki, me tona ope o te raki i tawhiti rawa i to ratou ake rohe. i te ope ki te haere tonu i to tatou haerenga ki te tikanga rerekē. Cossacks Local Ua tauturu patu kore anake, engari ano hoki navigation, me te ki te kai. huru wiriwiri, o te taupori rohe arahina Pita ki te whakarere i te whakamahi o ngā toenga o mua mateaki. I roto i te takiwa ka whakatata te pakanga o Poltava. aromatawai poto ratou tūranga, faaoti Karl XII ki te whakapae i te pa Ukrainian nui. tumanako ia e hohoro taka te Poltava ki tona ope nui, engari kihai i tupu i te reira.

Ko te whakapaenga o Poltava

Puta noa i te puna, me te tīmatanga o te raumati o 1709 ko nga Swedes i Poltava, ki kahore he painga e ngana ana ki te tango i reira na roto i te tupuhi. Kua kiia kōrero 20 taua nganatanga, i patua e pā ana ki 7000 hoia. i pupuri te hoia iti Russian tumanako hoki tokoni kingi. Nā tango ope maia ki te e kore i nga Swedes rite e tika ana ki te meka e kore tetahi whakaaro o taua resistance mura nei.

ka haere mai te ope matua Russian raro i te whakahau a Pita ki te pa i runga i Pipiri 4. I te tuatahi e kore te kingi i hiahia ki te "Battle General" ki te ope a Charles. Heoi, ko uaua atu te pakanga tightening ki ia marama. he wikitoria whakatakotoria anake i taea e te āwhina Russia whakakotahi koutou hoko nui katoa i roto i te rohe Paratiki. I te pae hopea, i muri i te maha o ngā kaunihera hōia ki to ratou Pita āwhiwhiwhi faaoti i runga i te whawhai i riro te Battle o Poltava. Poto me te tere ki te faaineine no reira i wairangi rawa. Na reira, ka huihui te ope Russian mō te maha nga ra i ngā. I te pae hopea piri te Cossacks Skoropadsky. tumanako Kingi ano kapa Kalmyk, engari kihai ia i i whai wa ki te haere ki Poltava.

I waenganui i te Russian me te ope Huitene ko te awa Vorskla. Nā ki te rangi iu, whakahau a Pita ki whiti te awa tonga o Poltava. Tenei nekeneke ko otinga angitu - nga Swedes kihai i rite mo tenei tahuri o ngā, e tatari ana hoki Russian i roto i te wāhi tino rerekē o ngā mahi.

tonu i taea e Karl tahuri hoki a kore e hoatu i te whawhai papau, i ko te pakanga o Poltava. , Hoatu hoki whakaahuatanga Poto o te ope Russian, i riro ia i te defector te tianara fakatu'amelie Swedish. I tua atu, e kore te kingi i tatari mo te tauturu i te ariki nui Turkish, nei i korero ai ki te hoatu ki a ia he kapa kaiawhina. Otiia i roto i ēnei āhuatanga katoa pāngia te huru kanapa o Charles XII. Taekaha a tonu faaoti arii taitamariki ki te whawhai.

hōia huru

Pipiri 27, 1709 (Hōngongoi 8, Kāhua New), ka mau wahi te pakanga o Poltava. Poto ko te mea tino nui te rangatira rautaki me te rahi o ratou ope. E 26 mano tangata Carl, he painga i tau (37 mano) i a Pita. meinga e te kingi, kua reira i roto i te tautooraa o te ope katoa o te kāwanatanga. Kua tae mai te ōhanga o Russia i roto i te tau torutoru te ara roa i te ōhanga agrarian ki te hanga ahumahi hou (i te wa). repo maka, hokona pū ke, ka anga nga hoia ki te farii i whakangungu hōia i runga i te tauira Pākehā.

Maere i te meka e nga piriniha rua ratou tika i runga i te kauhanga riri i whakahau ratou ope. I roto i te wā o ngā wā hou, i whakawhitia tenei mahi ki te tianara, ko Pita me Carl he okotahi.

Ko te akoranga o te whawhai

timata te whawhai ki te meka i whakaritea te Vanguard Swedish te whakaekenga tuatahi i runga i nga pa tuhaha Russian. whakamatauria tenei nekeneke ki te waiho i te hape rautaki. , Ka titiro whata ake i tona tira, i patua kaieke hoiho, whakahaua e Alexander Menshikov.

I muri i tenei te tokomaha i roto i te pakanga ki te tango i te ope matua. E kore taea te aroraa tahi o te hōia he torutoru haora whakatau i te toa. Ko te whakaeke whakatakotoria ko te kaieke hoiho Russian māia i runga i nga hope. mongamonga ia te hōia hoariri, a awhinatia ki te hoatu i te pehitanga i runga i te Tuhinga Swedish i roto i te pokapū.

hua

takoto faufaa nui o te Poltava Battle (whakaahua poto reira rawa uaua) i roto i te meka e i muri i tona parekura hopea ngaro Sweden te kaupapa rautaki i roto i te Pakanga Northern. atu pakanga katoa (roa pakanga 12 tau) i tohua e te painga i hōia Russian.

Ko nui te putanga morare o te pakanga o Poltava, whakaahua poto nei e piro tatou. arahina News o te mate o te ope Swedish a mohoa noa ore ki paorooro, Sweden kore anake, engari katoa i runga i Europe, te wahi hopea timata Russia ki te titiro rite te ope hōia nui.