He aha e nga hōputu toa matua

I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te mea e te hōputu toa, a pehea rerekē ratou. I tua atu, ka ako koe ki ta te mea te pū o putanga Russian.

Ko te āhua o te tauhokohoko o nāianei

Kei te rahi noa'tura te faufaa hokohoko Retail inaianei. hono te reira i te tukanga whakaputa, tohatoha, me te kohi, ki te hanga i te matatini kotahi. Kua oti Trade tenei ra huringa hanganga nui. Tau o ngā mākete whakaritea noa heke tino. Kua riro retailers nui me te whakataetae i waenganui i a ratou kaha. I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga te rerekē haere hokohoko hokohoko whakahaere arumoni me te kaipakihi takitahi, e kawe atu ratou mahi i roto i te whatunga whakaritea.

Toa i roto i nui haere whakataetae whakahere katoa taonga hou , me ngā ratonga. Ki te rā, āhuatanga tikanga mākete i te aroaro o te te hanga mārō. I tua atu, i reira he hōputu toa hou. āhuatanga te whanaketanga o te hokohoko e tino whakarerekētanga i roto i te puka o te tiaki me te tikanga o te hoko. I roto i tenei whakaaro, e kore e "Soviet" whakarōpū whakaata tona āhua o nāianei.

paearu whakarōpū

Retailers atu e tika ana ki te faaite i te momo e kore anake, me ngā momo, engari ano hoki i te rahi. Ko te paearu whakarōpū i roto i tenei take e whai ake nei:

• awhe;
• rohe;
• utu;
• Ratonga Merchant Puka;
• kōhauhau;
• tauwāhi;
• te rōpū ūnga o kiritaki;
• whakatairanga.

toa hōputu taketake e hoko kai

I roto i te Russia tenei ra i reira e 5 nui hōputu o toa e faaaravihi i kai:

• hoko "i te whare";
• discounter;
• hoko-whare putunga;
• hokomaha;
• hypermarket.

He titiro poto i ia o ratou.

hypermarket

E mohio ana koe i te rerekētanga i waenganui i te hypermarket ki te hokomaha? e kore e taea e tokomaha te whakatau he aha te mea te rerekētanga i waenganui i a ratou. Enei hōputu rerekē o toa hokohoko i roto i te rahi me te whānui.

Hypermarket - he toa, he nui atu te rahi o te hokomaha te rahi o nei. Ko e kore iti iho i te 10 sq tōna rohe. M. m. hoki, he reira rerekē i te hokomaha whänui whānuitanga o ngā hua, e pae i 40 ki te 150 mano tūemi.

whakaritea tētahi, ētahi rānei wāhi waka nui te hoki kiritaki. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e hypermarkets kaihoko te nuinga o mai e te motokā tenei. I roto i enei toa, pērā i ētahi atu hōputu, e hiahia ana koe ki te utu i nui atu te aro ki te haratau o te i roto i ratou manuhiri mo te wa roa. Me whai koe wharepaku, putanga kai, papa tākaro o ngā tamariki, ngā wāhi tākai hua, ngā wāhi hākinakina, me ētahi atu

Hokomaha me toa "i te kāinga"

rohe hokomaha i - i 2 ki te 5 mano sq m.. m. tēnei hōputu ngā he ruma nui, te wātea o rori uru, wāhi toa watea, he huru awhiawhi, hoahoa roto ataahua. Ko te whānui - i te 4 ki te 20 mano tūemi.

Hypermarkets me ngā toa, whakahaere warehouses i roto i te wāhanga economical, me te waenganui o te mākete. Ina whakaritea ki hokomaha, he ake manapori ratou. Kei te wehea hokomaha economical ki ngā kāwai motuhake i runga i te pūtake o te utu. I tua atu, e taea te tāpiri i te reira ki te toa "i te kāinga" - he hōputu hou. Kei roto i te wāhi watea, Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e te wa roa mahi, hokona ana e ia he maha iti o taonga kiritaki rā.

toa Warehouse

toa whare putunga maha tuwhera kamupene rarawe e taea te hoko i ngā rahinga nui o taonga i utu hekenga nui i ngä atu kaituku ranei. Hoki, ka taea e ratou te whakarite i te whakaminenga, i te mea te distributor o te hua. I tēnei wā, heke te wahi o te hokohoko rarawe te katoa tau. Kei te mahi tika maha kaiwhakanao ki retailers. Shop-whare putunga i roto i tenei take, he mea he pai "whakawhitinga" atamira o te rarawe ki te hokohoko hokohoko.

Hoki i nga 1960, i hanga tenei hōputu te. Tuatahi, he māngai o pakihi iti, me te reo e te hunga hiahia i roto i te hoko rahinga iti o taonga i te utu iti kiritaki taua toa. tautuhi ana tēnei hōputu e te ope o kaihoko, kaua ki te hoko. Tikanga te utu o te hoko i roto i te moni, a ka tango atu i te kiritaki te taonga. Tiki tukua moni, me te kupu ake i te rerekē haere te tikanga toa mo taonga, i te whakaiti utu whakahaere.

discounters

A paraparau o te discounters, kia tuhia te reira e kore ratou kukume kiritaki anake e whai i te moni iti. Ratou kiritaki toronga ki waenganui, me te ara nui-moni. Ko te kupu, e whakaritea te discounters ki nga hiahia o kiritaki.

Ka rite ki a koutou kia haamana'o, tu hōputu taonga i roto i te rahi, ngā, te utu o taonga, me ētahi atu paearu. No runga discounter, me to ratou rohe, ko te i 500 ki te 1.5 sq. M. m. Ko te tino kuiti te whānuitanga o taonga, a kahore e wātea ana ngā ratonga atu. e kore e whakarato te reira tetahi hoahoa o te roto, ki te haunga o te hoahoa whatunga rangatōpū me ngā mōhiohio mō ngā kiritaki.

Kei ēnei toa i roto i ngā wāhi noho, mai i te riro i te reira e kore e taea e ngā manuhiri i tō ake waka. He maha iti o toa hekenga, hangaia hoki rangatira motokā, kei i te pūtahitanga o ngā ara nui, te tikanga i roto i te pa.

Pau o ngā toa Russian

hōputu toa New whakarārangitia i runga ake, fakatahai te whakamahi o nga tikanga e whai ake nei o hoko me te whakahaere hokohoko: mahi-whaiaro kiritaki, te aroaro o te hokohoko whānui, ratou whatunga. I te wa ano, kamupene Russian e whakahaere i roto ia ratou, i te maha o ngā āhuatanga. Umanga mahi i roto i te hōputu hypermarket, ōrite te nuinga o ratou paerewa Western. Heoi, te mau parau tumu o te Russian discounters, hokomaha, toa "i te kāinga" i to ratou ake pau. e kore e ratou pai i te paerewa whāngai noa atu. āwangawanga te nuinga tenei te kaupapa utu.

Hei tauira, hōputu kamupene Western "i te kāinga" whakaturia he tohu-ake tiketike i runga i taonga. Kei te tika ki te meka e enei toa i te wāhi nui, i titiro tenei te rite te mahi. Hōputu "i te whare", whāngai i roto i Russia, he reira ahua rerekē. Ngā Ko tōna pū i roto i te meka e te taumata utu o hāngai tenei taonga ki te mana hoko o noho o te takiwa te wahi e kei reira.

Hōputu toa kakahu

Market, toa tari, teneti - te whakamāramatanga o e taea te hoatu katoa Russian. E mōhio ki a tatou ano hoki Hōputu toa kakahu iti, hangaia hoki te kaihoko ki te moni toharite iti ranei. Heoi, i tenei ra i reira e nui ake ngā kupu hou e tohu nga momo o te wāhi arumoni. whakaaro tatou whakaaro koutou etahi hōputu o toa kakahu, e tata puta i roto i to tatou whenua.

boutique

Boutique - he kupu ki te take French. Na ka karangatia e papai toa iti me taonga ahua. Paheke - Shop, e hokona kakahu motuhake me oko. Ko tōna whānui kia ngā rave rahi rama kakahu, engari e kore e tika. kia hoki Boutique kia te wāhi e pā ana o hoko o nga whare ahua rongonui. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e taea e te reira i te maha-waitohu me te reo-waitohu.

whakamahia tēnei wā kei roto i te ahumahi ahua hou i huaina ano taonga kakahu utu, me te huatau, āhuatanga nei i te taumata tiketike o te mahi, ruma anake hangaia, he Whārangi o taonga, patu tuakiri rangatōpū me kua he whakarongo ūnga motuhake (tangata me nga wahine ki te moni toharite, me te tiketike).

Showroom

Showroom - whakamaoritia ko tenei kupu i te reo Ingarihi tikanga "puta ngaa". Tenei hōputu taonga ngā whakatakoto i te puta ngaa i ai nga tauira o rama kohinga. e kore e kawenga mō te whakarato ratou ake hua i roto i o ratou showrooms whakarato wāhitau anake o Distributors me ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te taonga Kamupene. A, no te showrooms umanga tufaki hua, he reira taea ki te hanga i te hoko nuinga.

I roto i to tatou whenua, he tokomaha o enei taonga te whakarite i te hoko o ngā tauira kakahu, e kua māngai i roto i a ratou. Ano, kia āta kawea mai e ratou i hu noa atu, kakahu me te oko kahore e i hokona i runga i te mākete Russian. hoko ratou enei mea i "pae whakaaturanga", e, rokohanga, he tika ke ki te hōputu o showrooms o te ao.

toa Concept

I roto i to tatou whenua āta tomo hōputu toa hou. -kontsept kotahi-Mata. I roto i te reo Ingarihi ki te kupu te tikanga "maha-taonga". e kore e tino paingia i roto i to tatou whenua enei putanga, engari i roto i te toa ariā Europe whaikörero. Ahu Ko te wā i roto i te mutunga o nga 1990. I reira te reira i whakaaro he ara hou o te whakahaere boutiques maha-waitohu. Ko te whakaaro matua ko ki tapae te ara "te āhua noho" ki manuhiri.

Hokona tūemi toa ariā e tino kanorau maha, engari kei te piri ratou e te ariā (whakaaro). Tenei taonga ko te ki te faatupu i te varua motuhake, me te wāhi ki te āwhina i kawe i te ao ki te tetahi kiritaki. E whakaatu ana te toa ariā puāwaitanga tūemi rawa onge, me te iti, engari e hangaia ratou hoki kiritaki ki ngā taumata moni rerekē.

Enei ake a ake rongonui enei me ētahi atu hōputu taonga. Russia āta assimilates te wheako o whenua Western, hokohoko i roto i nei te pai tonu whakaritea atu i roto i to tatou whenua. Kei te hurihuri tonu hokohoko Foreign hōputu, momo me ngā momo e tenei ra e taea te kitea i roto i te mua Soviet Union,. Īhaka, titau ratou huringa nui i roto i nga tangata o to tatou whenua i mua nei.