He aha te mea he teratogen? Take o kōhikohiko congenital

I roto i nga tau tata nei, ko te tokomaha o ngā tamariki i whanau ki abnormalities o te whanaketanga, kua piki haere. Ko e tika ana ki te pānga teratogenic tenei (i te taniwha Kariki. Teros, e warea ana) ngā āhuatanga, he mea i roto i te tinana utero ko ngā whakaraerae. I roto i tenei take, he maha (ahakoa e kore tonu), tei runga i fatongia o te whaea.

Ko te kupu, ko te aito o Quasimodo o Hugo tonu i roto i romiromia te kopu tona whaea ake, faaho'i tahi he puku raru i roto i hapūtanga i roto i te tikanga ki te hoko atu te utu tamaiti-taniwha. Ko te ariā o "teratogen" mohiotia ki te iwi i mua.

Ngā wāhanga o te kukune whakaraeraetanga

Ko te tohu o te whakaraeraetanga o te kukune rerekē i roto i hapūtanga, tākuta wehewehe 3 ngā wāhanga.

1. Tenei wā e nga haora tuatahi o te hapūtanga ki 18 a ia. I tenei wa, ki te reira ko te maha nui o ngā pūtau pakaru, i reira te mea he materoto māhorahora. Ki te kore kua puta te materoto, ka taea e te kukune hohoro whakahokia pūtau tūkinotia kahore kino ki te hauora. Mämä noa iho, i tenei wā e rua anake ara - rānei mate te ira, tino whakawhanakehia atu ranei.
2. āhuatanga te atamira tuarua e te whakaraeraetanga nui o te kukune. Kaupae e 18 ki te 60 nga ra. Ko reira i roto i i hanga tenei wā te mate tino kino, i ētahi wā noa hohotahi ki te ora. mea Doctors e te malformations tino mōrearea i hanga ki runga ki te 36 nga ra i muri mai e iti korerotia ratou, a ka puta Varavara, e kore tatau i nga hē o te pūnaha urogenital me te mangai pakeke. Ko te aha te mea maha nga wahine ki te hapūtanga ki runga ki te toru marama o te mōrea o te materoto. I roto i tenei wā he mea nui rawa ki te tiaki o ratou ake hauora, no te mea o tei reira ki runga ki te hauora o tō pēpi i mua nei.
3. I roto i tenei wā, kei te te kukune i hanga kua okana me o ratou pūnaha, kia kore e taea e ratou te whanaketanga e he. Ko reira te mea he mōrearea o te tupu fetal, te mate o te tau nth o ngā pūtau, te ino o tetahi o nga tinana. pūnaha io o te tamaiti tino whakaraerae.

momo teratogens

Ko te wā "teratogenesis" (takanga o kohakore whanaketanga) e wehea ki e rua ngā momo - kōhikohiko puta i ngā pānga taiao kino me kōhikohiko hua i mate tuku. Otiia, i te ariā o "teratogen" tirohia ki te momo tuatahi anake. Tenei matū, āhuatanga koiora me te tahi atu e meinga malformations congenital o whēkau me ngā pūnaha.

teratogens Classification e whai ake.

1. Matū.
2. Ionizing radiation.
3. ara hē o te ora hapu.
4. Mate.

Matū rite teratogen

Ia rongoā whakaū e he paitini i roto i pota tiketike mo te tinana tetahi matū. Ko rawa pono o te wahine hapu, e te tino āta tīpakohia rongoā, ki te te hiahiatia reira tenei.

Ko te rārangi o ngā matū e taea kino i te kukune, whakahoutia tonu, Na, ta tatou e nehenehe e kore te mea e tetahi taonga o tenei rārangi rite te teratogen, herea te ki meinga abnormalities whanaketanga, ahakoa e taea mau etahi taero ake i te mōrea o tenei āhuatanga i 2-3. Kei te pai te whakapumautia te reira e kore te te raau taero tino mōrearea ahau huatū o hapūtanga, engari ratou pānga i roto i trimesters II me III matau tino. Kei te mohiotia te reira mo anake pānga te waipiro o thalidomide, ngā i roto i nga ra 34-50 o gestation.

Ko te pūmate rahi ki hapu tohu te whakaetonga o mēkuri, toluene, benzene, hlordifenil me ona pärönaki. Na te rōpū e whai ake nei o taero:

1. Tetracyclines (paturopi).
2. Valproic waikawa, whakamahia i roto i haehae, me te haurangi, me te trimethadione.
3. "Busulfan" (Te faaineineraa whakaritea i roto i te leukemias).
4. mahi ira androgen.
5. "Captopril", "Enalapril" (whakaaturia i roto i te takawhita).
6. pūhui iodine.
7. "MTX" (puai te pānga immunosuppressive).
8. Konukōhatu pākawa waro.
9. "Tiamazol" (tikanga thyrostatic).
10. "Penicillamine" (whakamahia i roto i te tauhohe autoimmune).
11. "Isotretinoin" (te orotahi o huaora A).
12. "Diethylstilbestrol" (faaineineraa taiki).
13. "Thalidomide" (moe pire).
14. "Cyclophosphamide" (tarukino anti-mate pukupuku).
15. "Etretinat" (whakamahia hoki mate kiri).

Mai te pānga kino i runga i te kukune he rōpū o raau taero e whakamahia ana i roto i tino rerekē mate, whakahau kia kia tino tupato maimoatanga hapūtanga. Kia tino ki te hoatu i te tākuta i roto i te rongonui e koe i roto i te tūranga.

radiation ionizing

Hoki ionizing radiation ngā te US (ahakoa kua roa matau tākuta e kore e kino appreciable ki te ultrasound kukune mahi), pouaka X-hihi, X-hihi, me te tahi atu tikanga rangahau e whai wāhi te whakamahi o ionizing ngaru.

Ētahi atu tauira o te teratogens - tenei aituā ki te tuku o ngā matū iratuki ki te taiao, iraruke therapy konutawa, iraruke.

āpiha hopuhopu me te hapū

Mai te ewe he tohu nui o te uruhanga, i reira te mea he mōrearea o te materoto intrauterine mate fetal ranei ki te maha o mate. taea ki te arahi ki abnormalities fetal e he hotokore ki te ora Belgium i roto i te wiki tuatahi 7 o te hapū, ko te. Belgium o te tamaiti i roto i ngā wāhanga i muri mai e nehenehe e arahi ki te mate i roto i te whanau hou.

Ko reira taa'eraa e kia rerekē te whānuitanga o te pakeke o te mau faaiteraa mate i roto i te ira hapu, me te.

take Teratogenic wāhi te mate e whai ake nei:

• toxoplasmosis;
• cytomegalovirus;
• momo herpes ahau ko II;
• kōpukupuku;
• pakewakewa;
• encephalitis Equine fenua Venezuela;
• varicella-zoster huaketo.

Hoki nunu'a houhou mo te tamaiti e faatupu te mate chlamydia me ngā tukanga inflammatory tupu i roto i te tinana o te wahine hapu.

ara hē o te ora o te hapu

Women e te hunga i roto i te tūranga ki te kia te kawenga mō te ora me te hauora o tana tamaiti, me reira pehi i tetahi waipiro, e paowa, me te ara kawhe inu nui. ngā ano K āhuatanga fakafalala tarukino teratogenic, patukīrea whakamahia i roto i te ahuwhenua ahumahi, puehu, me horoi.

He mea nui ki te kai tōtika pai, me te aperaa i kowaiwai kino o ngā āhuatanga whai hua o te kai. kia hanga te kai i roto i te ara taua e te hapu riro tika katoa mo te whanaketanga o te kukune. Hei tauira, arata'i pūmua hē ki pohokore fetal. Me micronutrients pērā i selenium, konutea, iodine, mata, konupora, köwhai tinana wahine. Me hoki kia te kai he nui rawaka o te konupūmā me te huaora.

Ētahi atu teratogens

Na roto i te pathologies fetal taea meinga mate huka, goiter, phenylketonuria me pukupuku e whakaongaonga te hanga o hormones androgen. Ano, tākuta whakapono te kukune he pukā kino, kore o te waikawa folic.

tuku Teratogenic ki te āhuatanga kua whakarārangitia i runga ake. Tenei ariā ngā mea katoa e taea whakapōrearea i te whanaketanga noa o te kukune, ka arahi ki kōhikohiko. Aue, enei āhuatanga rawa nui, pera ko te tino nui te wahine i roto i te hapūtanga ki te aroturuki ratou hauora me te kai tōtika.