He aha te mea te crossover rua-ranu

Ko te ture o te kainga Mendel mō monohybrid ripeka tiaki i roto i te take o atu whīwhiwhi e rua-ranu. I roto i tenei momo o puka mātua pāhekoheko rerekē e rua o rerekē āhuatanga takirua.

A feruri i te hi'oraa o Mendel dihybrid ripeka haamauraa me ture. Whiti e rua ngā momo o te pī: ki te puawai ma, me te awhi tonu me te puawai papura, me te awhi elongated. Katoa tuatahi-whakatupuranga mau taata i te puawai ma noa ki te kōrori. Mai i tenei faaoti tatou e te tae ma (denoted e C) me te roa noa (tuhituhi E) - ko āhuatanga te tino he te tae papura (s) me te kōrori elongate (e) - ngoikore. A, no te wahia te whaiaro haenga-o te whakatupuranga tuatahi o te tipu te. Hoki te whakaaro ki o mārama hanga te kaupapa whakawhitinga.

ripeka Tuatahi: P1 CCEE x CCEE

G 2Ss ko 2Ee

F1 CCEE

Ko te rua o te kahui (selfing hybrids F1) P2 x CCEE CCEE. haere ripeka Dihybrid ki te hanga i 16 momo o zygotes. ka i roto i Ia gamete kotahi māngai i ira ki P-a E-E takirua takirua. A, no te taea te ngā tenei ira C ki tūponotanga rite ki E e ranei i tahuri, a taea ngā ki E ī ranei te hua puka CCEE kākano ki rite auau o ngā momo gamete 4: .. CE, Ge, Ce, ce. Obedin tahi, i whai ahua ai ratou taua kaiao: 9 ki corolla noa ma, me 3 elongate kōrori ma 3 ki te Kurauri niao noa me te Kurauri 1 ki te awhi elongated.

I roto i te rua i te whakatupuranga mā te whiti hybrids motu, puka mātua waho rite, kei te hanga e ngā hanga ki te huinga hou o pūāhua (combinative ranei rerekētanga ira). Tenei āhuatanga whai wāhi nui i roto i te kunenga mai o loto ngā hou o huru urutau. Hoki mātātoa whakamahia i roto i te tupuranga, i reira crossbreeding o ngā tipu me ngā kararehe o te whakapai ake ngā momo me ahu hanga reira taea ki te whakauru momo hou.

Ko te iti iho i te maha o ngā tohuira te maha o tohuāhua i F2. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e taea te uniana o tohuhema rerekē hoatu te taua tenei āhuatanga morphological. Na, whiwhi tatou i te wāwāhi o te tohuāhua - 9: 3: 3: 1.

Ko te taea tenei crossover rua-kākano ki te ira tino e kei i roto i ngā pūira nonhomologous. pūtake Cytological o te hanumi taua me te re - whāiti pūira me te kikiritanga. kite Mendel e ki taua ngā o ira riro motuhake ia rua o huanga o tetahi ki tetahi, noa te ngā i roto i ngā taea katoa (kainga motuhake).

nga tauira katoa o te kainga e whakatakotoria Mendel mo te kotahi, me te rua-ranu kahui, āhuatanga o ngā matatini ake. Na, puta poligibridnoe whakawhiti ina e riro kaiao mō tenei taiea toru ranei ake tauaro āhuatanga. I te ngakau o tenei hononga o tohuhema me te tohatoha anō o te mōhiohio ā-ira ko nga ture o te nakunaku me motuhake o te tupu.

Mai i te i mua, faaoti tatou e te crossover rua-ranu - te, i roto i te meka, e rua takitahi-pa whakawhiti noa, te wahi tango tetahi tohu kē te ki pūkete (monohybrid). he pono hoki tipu me ngā kararehe tenei.