He aha te mea whakataetae interspecific? tauira

rauropi Taupori - he ako pūtaiao e whakaaro te kanorau o te whanaungatanga o te rauropi ora no ki ngā taupori rerekē. Ko tētahi puka o taua pāhekoheko he whakataetae interspecific. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka titiro tatou ki ona āhuatanga, tauira o takanga o te pakanga mo te rohe, kai me te tahi atu āhuatanga abiotic i roto i ngā e ora i roto i te biogeotsinozah tūturu me horihori.

Momo me ona āhuatanga rauropi

I roto i te whanaketanga o mua o te taxa koiora (rōpū he tuakiri noa) taunga ki te natura abiotic me ngā āhuatanga aahuatanga. ngā te mua te āhuarangi, te hanganga matū o te oneone, te wai me te rangi, me ētahi atu, me ki te tuarua - .. te pānga o te tahi mau momo o te ora i runga i te tahi atu.

Takitahi o tetahi momo noho i roto i etahi wāhi o kaiao kāore. E huaina ratou tautau taupori. Hapori o tetahi momo o whakapā pūmau ki te taupori o ētahi atu momo. tautuhi te reira i ona tūranga i roto i rauwiringa kaiao, e kiia nei ko te wāhi taupuhi.

Interspecific whakataetae, he tauira o kawea e ka e lāulea i roto i te tuhinga, i roto i tika i roto i te wahi o awhe o ngā momo rerekē o ngā hapori inaki a taea arahi ki te ngaro o te taupori o tetahi o ratou. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā G. Gause kua whakawhanakehia kaipūtaiao Russian rua ngā momo o ciliates i runga i tetahi reo. timata tetahi o ratou ki te kaha proliferate me te tupu i te utu o tetahi. Ka rite ki te hua, he puka ngoikore tino whakakorea te (ngaro) mo te 20 nga ra.

He aha te mea te hua o ngā wāhi inaki

Ki te hanumi te rohe o ngā momo rerekē e rua o te noho i roto i ētahi o ngā wāhanga o te biotope i waenganui i te mau taata whakatika kaha rerekētanga nui i roto i te hanganga o waho, te wā o te pūhuruhurutanga o me te kahui. E huaina ratou nga āhuatanga wāhikē.

I runga i te taha o te rohe e nohoia e te kaiao o tetahi anake momo, kua converged ratou taupori ki te hapori, māngai e takitahi o tetahi atu momo. Me kï reira e i roto i te take tuarua i waenganui i ngā taupori he ngā kahore whakataetae interspecific. Example ki vini kitea ara Charles Darwin i roto i nga Islands Galapagos i roto i tona haerenga huri noa i te ao i runga i te manuao "Beagle" - he mārama te haamauraa.

Ko te ture o te whakarerenga whakataetae

Ko te pūtaiao i runga ake-whakahuatia G. Gause whakatakoto ture taiao nui: ki te te arataukai me ētahi atu taupori o nga hiahia o ngā momo rerekē e rua o te taua, kei te whakataetae i ēnei taxa. faaore atu tenei ratou coexistence i runga i te nohonga ano, rite puta therebetween interspecies whakataetae. He tauira e whakaatu ai - aki reira te maha o perch, tench me Roach-kai i roto i te hāroto taua. He mātātoa ake, me te kaihoro Roach parai, na pai hiki ratou perch taitamariki me te tench.

taxa ā, nohomawehe

whakatika ratou rite ki te hua o te whakamomonga matawhenua. A feruri i momo i huaina nohomawehe. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakamārama i te meka o ratou ahua, te whakamahi i te raraunga i roto i te tātai me te paleogeography. Tauira o taua hapori whakataetae kaha nui, mai rapu ratou nga rauemi kai taua. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira tenei huru e whakataetae interspecific.

Tauira o te kararehe kitea ki whakamomonga matawhenua, - he piwa American Te Tai Tokerau, me te mink. Rave rahi rau mano tau ki muri, i hono Asia ko Amerika Te Tai Tokerau i te wahi whenua.

I te tuawhenua, nohoia e te momo taketake o kiore. A, no te reira ko te Bering Strait, te taupori Euro-Āhia me Amerika o enei kararehe rite ki te hua o te ź i hanga he momo hou, whakataetae ki ia atu. E whakarei rerekētanga i waenganui i te mau taata o te taupori rite ki te hua o ngā āhuatanga displacement.

He reira taea ki te whakaiti i whakataetae interspecific?

Whakamārama kotahi ano e te taupori whakataetae rauropi interspecific - ko reira he hononga o kaiao no ki te taupori o ngā momo me te tono rite rauemi e hiahiatia ana mo ratou oranga. kia waiho te noho wāhi, marama, makuku me te, o te akoranga, kai tenei.

I raro i ngā āhuatanga tūturu, te hapori o te taxa rerekē e faaite i te rohe whenua, me te turanga kai e taea te whakaiti i te pēhanga o te whakataetae i roto i ngā huarahi. Pehea, Na, heke te whakataetae interspecific? Hei tauira - he wehenga o te whānuitanga, i arata'i ki ngā momo o te Waterfowl kai - kawau, me te Kawau. Ahakoa ora ratou i runga i te taonga kotahi, engari takitahi o te taupori o te momo tuatahi whangai i runga i hātaretare nöhanga me ngā āhua ika, me te tuarua - rapu mō kai i roto i te papa o runga wai.

No te kaiao autotrophic te hoki āhuatanga e whakataetae interspecific. Tauira o ngā tipu, tautoko faaiteraa mitigation o te pakanga mō te oraraa - he momo herbaceous me puka rakau. Ēnei taupori i te pūnaha pakiaka maha e whakarite wehenga o paparanga whenua, o nei mimiti tipu te wai, me ngā kohuke. Plants hanga amo (humenga Ranunculaceae, he kopurepure, bearberry) whai roa taproot i te maha mitamano ki te 10 henimita, me ngā momo rākau te koiora o gymnosperms me ngā tipu whaipua - i 1.2 m ki te 3.5 m.

whakataetae pokanoa

Puta ana tēnei puka ina whakamahi rerekē momo te take taiao taua rauemi ranei. Nuinga maha ko reira te supply kai whānui. Pepeke, rite tipu me te kararehe, kia rite ki te pai whānui whakataetae interspecific.

ka whakamārama tauira me Whakaahua o whakaahuatanga whakamātau i raro ako P. Park, kawea atu i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiwhanga. whakamahia te pūtaiao e rua ngā momo o ngā ngārara, no ki te whānau Tenebrionidae - Muchnik (mealworms).

tomo Takitahi o enei momo ki te whakataetae mō te kai (paraoa) a nga kaitukituki (pītara kai tetahi momo).

I roto i te vitro huri ngā i ngā āhuatanga abiotic: pāmahana me te haumākū. ke ratou i te tūponotanga o ngā hapori mana o tetahi te atu ahua ranei. I muri i te tahi mau wā o te wā i roto i te taiao haavare (pouaka ki te paraoa) i kitea tauira o tetahi anake ahua me tetahi atu - tino ngaro.

whakataetae whakahaere

whakatika te reira rite ki te hua o te pakanga whai take o ngā kaiao o ngā momo o āhuatanga abiotic e te hunga i te iti: kai, rohe. He tauira o te puka taua o taunekeneke kaiao - kai o manu no ki ngā momo rerekē i runga i te rakau kotahi, engari i roto i ona rarangi ngā.

Ko te kupu, interspecies whakataetae - he i roto i te koiora taua ahua o ngā o te rauropi, e arata'i ki:

• he wehenga taketake o ngā taupori o rerekē momo o kore-ōrite niches kaiao;
• te pana iti rawa tetahi ahua o biogeotsinoza kirihou;
• ki takitahi ellimanatsii tonu i roto i te taupori whakataetae taxon.

wāhi taupuhi me ona whāititanga, e pā ana ki te whakataetae interspecific

kitea rangahau kaiao ngā taua biogeotsinozy o na maha niches kaiao o maha momo e noho ana i roto i te rauwiringa kaiao. Ko te taxa nui mokowā tata hapori wāhi taupuhi i roto i te biotope, te pakari rawa ratou pakanga mō ngā āhuatanga pai o te taiao:

• rohe;
• turanga kai;
• i ora i te taupori.

Ko nga tawhā matua e toru o te wāhi taupuhi tūturu nohoia enei. tauwhāiti reira aratau pūmau o oraraa o te taupori, pērā i te pirinoatanga, whakataetae, te huia, noho rāhuitanga, whakaiti o ngā rauemi kai.

pēhanga Taiao whakaiti i roto i te biotope ko e whai ake:

• hōhonu i roto i te ngahere whakauru;
• kāinga ngā o te torongū me ngā pakeke. Na, e ora te naiads kapokapowai i runga i tipu moana, me te kua taukei i te taiao rangi image; i roto i te pokai namu torongū Mei ora i roto i te papa o runga o te oneone, me ngā ngārara pakeke e noho ana i roto i te wāhi whenua-rangi.

Katoa o enei ari tohu he taua mea rite whakataetae interspecific. Tauira o te kararehe, me te tipu te aroaro runga ake whakaū tenei.

hua whakataetae interspecific

whakaaro tatou he āhuatanga whānui i roto i te natura, āhuatanga rite whakataetae interspecific. Tauira - koiora me te rauropi (rite tona wāhanga) - tapaea tatou ki tenei tukanga i roto i te taiao o te kaiao no ki te rangatiratanga o te harore me ngā tipu, me te i roto i te rangatiratanga kararehe.

Na roto i te hua o te whakataetae interspecific āwangawanga coexistence me whakauru o ngā momo me te pārōnaki kaiao. totoro te āhuatanga tuatahi i roto i te wā, me te ana momo i roto i te rauwiringa kaiao e kore e faarahi i to ratou tau, kia rite ki reira he he take ngā i roto i te tārua o te taupori. Whakakapinga o te momo, e hāngai ana i runga i nga ture o te whakarerenga whakataetae ko te ahua tino o te pēhanga atu kirihou me sertilnogo atawhai e arata'i ki te mate o te takitahi - te whakataetae.

pārōnaki Environmental (hahiraa) arata'i ki te hanganga o te kope iti, momo tino motuhake. E whakanoho iho ratou ki te hunga wahi o te whānuitanga katoa, te wahi i reira he painga (i roto i ngā o puka me te uri, kai tōtika).

I roto i te tukanga o te pārōnaki o nga momo e rua whakataetae whakaiti ratou rerekētanga ira, a ka ahu ki te puna ira atu momo. Ko tenei e tika ana ki te meka i roto i enei hapori, ka te nuinga i te puka aueue o te kōwhiringa tūturu peia whakapōrearea me ona whakaaro.