He aha titore tupu i te whanaketanga ohaoha? tepu whakarite

Ko te ariā o "tupu ōhanga" me "te whanaketanga ōhanga" Ko te tino tata i roto i te tikanga, engari e kore e ōrite i roto i te āhua. He aha e nga ngā whakarārangitia? He aha titore tupu i te whanaketanga ohaoha?

Ko te ngako o te whanaketanga ōhanga

whanaketanga ohaoha - he tukanga roa, āhuatanga nei i te te whānui o ngā āhuatanga whānui, hipoki ōhanga kore anake hāngai o kāwanatanga, engari ano hoki te rāngai pāpori me ētahi atu wāhi. E pā ana te wā ki whenua ki te whakawhanake ōhanga (pērā tupu i te whanaketanga ohaoha ngā i roto i te meka e whakaahua ana i te wā tuatahi nga huringa i roto i te öhanga whakawhanakehia).

whakakitea whanaketanga Economic te i roto i te whakapai ake whānui o te kāwanatanga toko i te ora, titau te reira i te hua i roto i utu tūturu, te whakapai ake maha pāpori tohu: kounga o te mātauranga, te whanaketanga ahurea. Ētahi atu āhuatanga nui o te whanaketanga ōhanga - te tono kāwanatanga i roto i te mahere haumi, he auau whakawhiti pūmau (ranei te ara i roto i te utu o te moni motu).

Ko te taupū o te auaretanga ōhanga

E ai ki te ako i te kamupene tātari ao Grant Thornton me pokapū mana i roto i te ōhanga rangahau Economist Intelligence Unit, te whakatauranga o te whanaketanga ōhanga hihiri ahu e Ahitereiria, tona taupū he rite ki te ono tekau-ono ngā. Ko te toru runga hoki ngā Chile me China. takoto score whakatauranga e te aromatawai tohunga o te kāwanatanga o te ōhanga o te tohu e rua tekau-rua e kua whakarōpūtia ki ngā rōpū mana.

Groups o whenua i roto i ngā o te whanaketanga ohaoha

Na roto i te taumata o te whanaketanga ōhanga whānui tāutuhia he maha o ngā rōpū o ngā āhua:

• whenua whakawhanakehia, e taea te pēnei ki te ōhanga auaha te whenua o me te paerewa teitei o te ora. Ko tenei Japan, USA, Germany, Ahitereiria, Finland, me te tini ke atu. State o tenei rōpū e āhuatanga e-kounga teitei whakapaipai tangata, te faatereraa i roto i te pūtaiao, te hangarau, rongoā, mātauranga me ētahi atu ahumahi, te kounga tiketike o te ora o tangata.

• whenua te whakawhanake, e whai rite ratou whāinga matua ki te hopu ake ki te ōhanga whakawhanakehia i runga i te taumata, me te kounga o te ora o tangata. Ēnei whenua ngā China, Chile, Mexico, Pakistan, Latvia, Czech Republic, Croatia, Kazakhstan me etahi atu.
• Nga whenua underdeveloped, e te hunga i roto i te heke. Tenei whenua tino African, āhua motu, me te Mongolia, Afghanistan, Yemen, Bangladesh, me te rite.

tupu Economic: te ariā

He rerekē i te whanaketanga ōhanga te tupu ohaoha? Growth i roto i te ōhanga - he ariā ki te ariā kuiti. Ko te tukanga me te āhuatanga e huringa wā-poto i roto i te rōrahi o te whakaputa i roto i te ara pai. He rerekē i te whanaketanga ōhanga te tupu ōhanga, na ko reira he faaiteraa: te wā "tupu" i roto i te ōhanga e taea te whakahuatia i roto i te ariā o "hua kerekere motu" me "kerekere hua kāinga", i te mea kei tika ki tae atu ki te paerewa o te ora, vahi pāpori ranei te whanaketanga öhanga.

I roto i ngā o te tupu o te öhanga tohatoha enei momo o tītohu:

• Uniform, kitea nei i roto i te Pākehā Union te United States ranei.
• Ko te merekara pera-ka karanga ōhanga kua āhuatanga e te ōhanga o South Korea, Hong Kong Japan ranei.
• Ko te ati o te tupu - heke ōhanga, haere tahi e te heke i roto i ngā paerewa ora. Ko angamaheni mo te whenua African Central te āhuatanga.
• Ko te kore o te tupu e kua kore pānga i runga i ao pāpori. kitea ana tēnei tukanga i roto i Zimbabwe.

Āhuatanga e pa ana i te tupu o te ōhanga

I roto i te āhuatanga e awe ana i te tipu o te ōhanga i roto i nga whenua whakawhanake taea te whakarārangitia e whai ake:

• te taumata o te whanaketanga o te waka, me te tahi atu momo o te hanganga (ohaoha, kōrero);
• te whakawhiti i te ahuwhenua ki te hanga hua (mahi nekeneke);
• whiwhinga o te āwhina pūtea me te haumi i te tahi atu āhua;
• paerewa mātauranga me te taumata o te reo matatini, e taea te tautuhi rite te atu mahi o te mahi;
• te uara o ngā penapena;
• te taumata o te pirau.

tepu whakarite

He aha titore tupu i te whanaketanga ohaoha? rerekētanga nui mārama kitea i roto i te ripanga i raro nei.

I roto i noa i waenganui i enei ariā e rua ko e he tupu ōhanga i roto i nga wae kōwhiri e hanga ake te whanaketanga ōhanga, engari ko te taua e kore te mea tonu i te putanga o tana whakatau te whanaketanga ōhanga i roto i te wā poto ranei.

He aha titore tupu i te whanaketanga ohaoha? Ko te rerekētanga faufaa i waenganui i taua ariā mahuki tauira anake. Hei tauira, tohu tupu tangata he hua i roto i te taimaha tinana me te teitei, e ko, te hunga tohu e taea ana te ruri, whakaritea, tātarihia. tautuhia Development e te maha, āhuatanga tinana kore anake (tau, teitei, me te taimaha tinana), engari ano hoki nga āhuatanga waitara - ahurea, whanonga, taumata o te paari, ngā pūkenga kōrero, maramarama, peu.

tupu Economic kahore whanaketanga

tupu Economic kahore whanaketanga puta ka ki te hua o tohu ine he kahore paerewa ora tūturu o te taupori. kia tika tenei āhuatanga ki enei take:

• taumata tiketike o te pirau, ina e ikeike i roto i te pute o te hononga mana nga whakapainga katoa i roto i te puka o te pūtea atu.
• raruraru Taiao. Tangohanga o mehua ki te whakarite haumaru taiao tata tino ka whakanui i te rōrahi o te production, engari te taua ino te ware whakapataritari o hauora tūmatanui. Na, ka hinga me te tupu o te öhanga i roto i te kounga o te ora o ona tangata.
• waka popoketanga hanganga. Ka kē te tiango o te ara, e taea e te putanga o te ru o te tupu o te öhanga te kounga o te ora o te taupori, e ka whai ki te noho i te rota o te wā i roto i jams waka.

• Pūtea hoki te rāngai hōia. GDP o te whenua i taea ake i tika ki te whanaketanga o te ahumahi korero, i roto i te tahi atu wāhi (mātauranga, hauora, te ahurea) kore e i mua.
• Ko te kore o ngā mākete. Ko te hua i roto i te te hanga rōrahi, whakahuatia i roto i ngā ine, e arahi ki te tupu o te öhanga, engari i roto i te ngaro o ngā mākete mo whakapainga tūturu i roto i ngā paerewa ora e kore e tae mai.

whakamārama Poto o nga rerekētanga

Poto (engari kahore iti rawa) faataa e ahau te rerekētanga i waenganui i te ariā Shumper. He rerekē i te whanaketanga ōhanga te tupu ohaoha? Ko te kaituhi homai he whakahoki e wātea ana: teitei - i tenei huringa i roto i ngā o te rahinga (te whakanui ake production me kohi), me te whanaketanga - ngā āhuatanga kounga (whakapai ake o ngā paerewa ora o te taupori, innovations i whakangao, haumi ke, a na i runga i).

Na, he aha titore tupu i te whanaketanga ohaoha? kia Development kia matau rite te ariā whanui e ngā tipu ōhanga. Ka taea te aromatawaitia te reira i te maha o ngā tohu rerekē, e tohu te ahunga whakamua o te ōhanga kāwanatanga rite te katoa. huru no te tupu e anake te ahua mahi motuhake.