Ko te mahi arorau. Ko te whakahaeretanga o taketake arorau

pūtaiao rorohiko rite te pūtaiao o te kohikohi tikanga, te whakarite me te tukatuka i te momo o te raraunga tīmata ki te whakawhanake i roto i te rau tau waenganui-rua tekau. Ahakoa e whakapono ana te tahi mau tumu kōrero e whakatakotoria te timatanga o te hanganga o te pūtaiao rorohiko i roto i te rau tau 17, me te tenenga o te tātaitai aunoa tuatahi, te nuinga pāhono reira ki te tau o atu matatau hangarau rorohiko. I roto i te 40s o te rau tau 20, me te taeraa mai o te rorohiko tuatahi, kua riro pūtaiao rorohiko, he hiringa hou ki te whanaketanga.

Ko te kaupapa o te Informatics ako

I reira ki meinga te taeraa mai o te rorohiko tuatahi kua tika ana ki te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga hou o te systematization, tātai me te tukatuka o huinga raraunga nui, me te i roto i te whanaketanga o te hātepe e e tukua te pūmanawa tonu o rorohiko hou. riro Informatics te mana o te ako pūtaiao motuhake, a oho i roto o te waka rererangi o tātaitanga pāngarau ki ako tätaitanga i whānui.

hāngai katoa pūtaiao rorohiko hou i runga i ngā mahi arorau. Ka taea te huaina ratou te wāhanga taketake. I roto i te hōtaka, ngā pūnaha rorohiko i te ariā o te mahi arorau - ko reira he mahi, i hanga nei i muri i te raveraa i te ariā hou te uara i hanga i runga i te pūtake o ngā ariā tīariari ranei. He huinga o taua mahi kia rerekē i runga i te huānga pūtukatuka ki mahia whakahau rānei. Heoi, i reira e te tahi mau ngā mahi e te hunga noa ki tata pūnaha ngā katoa. Tenei mahi, e mahi ki te ihirangi uara ratou, pērā i faka'ikai'i, ranei te hunga e whakaputa ke i te ariā kiripuaki ine - tāpiri, tango, kia tini, wehenga.

Tauwhakaarotau o ngā mahi arorau

Mai te tikanga te arorau taurangi mahi i runga i horihori waitara, ka rite ki tauwhakaarotau ngā mahi arorau katoa ko nga momo raraunga whānui. āhuatanga Puāwaitanga, mahi ki tauākī taurangi he tauākī, teka pono ranei. whakamahia te hikohiko me te hōtaka mo te whakaahuatanga o enei ngā te taurangi Boolean pono, me te teka tau tōpū ranei uara o 1 (pono) me 0 (teka). I runga i te huinga o enei uara, rite maere rite kia tangi ai, e here ana te mahi kei te pūnaha tino matatini, me te nui-tauine. waehere hōtaka katoa e mahi ana e te i runga i te rorohiko, i tetahi pūrere mamati ranei hihiri whakawhiti ki te raupapa o te hunga me ngā kore - i te waehere ao e taea te tukatuka e tetahi tukatuka.

Ngā momo o ngā mahi arorau

Ka rite ki whakahuatia mua, i roto i te puāwaitanga taurangi Boolean , i reira e 2 ngā momo o ngā mahi. Ko te ngā mahi arorau matua i runga i ngā momo raraunga ā-rua - he mahi e pa ana i te tauākī ano (te tohutūmahi, kotahi ranei, mahi). Ko te ngā mahi e whakaputa tauākī hou i runga i te pūtake o ngā uara tīariari (ngā mahi ā-rua, ranei mahanga) ano hoki tenei. Ko te tikanga o te ngā mahi arorau ko te taua rite ina e mahi ana i tetahi tātai pāngarau i mahue ki te matau, i te tirohanga o te taiapa.

Ko te māmā me tetahi o nga mahi o Boolean arorau mahi tino pai-mohiotia he whakakāhoretanga. Tenei mahi arorau ohie ko te uara ritenga o te tauwhakaarotau tāuru. I roto i te hikohiko, kei te te tahi mau taime i huaina tenei mahi he koaro. Hei tauira, ki te Huripokia koe te whakaaro "te parau mau", te hua ko "teka". A hurihia - te whakakorehanga o te uara "teka" Ka hua i roto i te uara o "pono". Kei te maha whakamahia tēnei hōtaka mahi arorau mō te kouru hātepe me te whakatinanatanga o te "whiriwhiri" o te huinga o muri o whakahau i runga i te pūtake o te hua ngā ranei tikanga ke.

mahi ā-rua

I roto i te hōtaka rorohiko me te whakamahi i te huinga iti o -rua (ā-rua) ngā mahi. ka ratou to ratou ingoa i te bi kupu Latin, te tikanga "e rua", ka ko te ahua o te mahi e tango tohenga tāuru rua ka hoki mai i te hua i roto i te kotahi uara hou. Hoki ngā whakamārama o ngā mahi katoa o te taurangi Boolean whakamahi tepu pono.

He aha e hiahia ana ratou

Kei te hanga i tēnei pūnaha mo te nui etahi o tauwhakaarotau tāuru me whakamārama ana ngā uara katoa hua, e taea hoki te mahi arorau tomu'a i mea whakaturia tawhā tāuru.

Ko te mahi tino pinepine whakamahia i roto i te rorohiko me te rorohiko hangarau he tua arorau (disjunction) me te whakareatanga arorau (taha).

taha

Ko te mahi arorau "AND" - ko te mahi o te whiriwhiri o te iti o e rua n ranei tāuru tauwhakaarotau. I tomo tenei mahi e taea whai rua (mahi pūtakerua), te uara e toru (ternary), ranei he here i te maha o ngā operands (mahi n-ary). A, no te tātai i te hua o te mahi ka waiho te iti rawa o nga uara tāuru tukua.

Orotahi i roto i te taurangi noa ko te mahi o te whakarea. Na reira, kei te maha tuku te mahi te taha ki rite te whakareatanga arorau. A, no te te tohu o te tohu mahi mahi tuhi whakareatanga ranei (ira) ranei he amapehana. Ki te meinga e tatou i te tepu pono mo tenei mahi, ka kitea i te reira e te whakatakotoria te mahi ki "pono" ranei 1, anake ki te pono o nga tauwhakaarotau katoa tāuru. Ki te he kore i te iti rawa tetahi o nga tawhā tāuru, te uara "teka" ranei, ka waiho hoki i te hua o te mahi "teka".

whakaata ana tēnei faaauraa ki tauhanga whakareatanga: whakarea, me tetahi maha o huinga o ngā tau ki te 0 rite te hua hoki tonu 0. Ko āpiti tenei mahi arorau: te raupapa i roto i nei te tango, tawhā tāuru kore e pā te hua whakamutunga o te tātai.

Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga o tenei mahi ko te associativity, associativity ranei. Tenei taonga ka taea e kore e tangohia e te tātaitanga o te raupapa pūtakerua o ngā mahi te tikanga o te aro mātai i roto i te pūkete. Na reira, hoki 3 atu ranei karapīpiti mahi whakareatanga arorau kore he e tika ana ki te tango ki roto ki pūkete nga taiapa. I roto i te hōtaka, kei te tenei mahi maha whakamahia ki te kia e mahi ana i te whakahau motuhake anake, ki te te töpü o etahi tikanga.

disjunction

Ko te mahi arorau "OR" - te puka o te mahi Boolean, i te mea rite ki te tua taurangi. Ētahi atu ingoa mō tenei mahi - tua arorau, te disjunction. Oia atoa, rite te mahi whakareatanga arorau, kia disjunction ā-rua (ki te tātai i te uara e hāngai ana i runga i rua ngā tohenga), ternary ranei n-ary.

Ko te tepu pono mo tenei mahi arorau ko te ahua o te kē ki te taha. Ko te mahi arorau "OR" Tātaitia te hua pai i roto i te tautohetohe tukua. e tango Disjunction te uara putanga "teka", ranei 0 anake, no te nga tawhā katoa wāhi riro ki te uara 0 ( "teka"). I roto i tetahi atu take ka kia whiwhi te putanga i te uara "pono", ranei 1. Hei tuhi i tenei mahi te tino maha whakamahia tohu pāngarau o te tua ( "me") ranei e rua takai poutū. he whānui i roto i te nuinga o ngā reo hōtaka me meinga te kē tuarua no taea reira ki a koutou āta wehe i te mahi arorau o te tauhanga.

Ko te āhuatanga whānui o ngā mahi arorau

ngā mahi arorau Basic, ahakoa he reira te tohutūmahi,-rua, ternary atu mahi ranei, e ngohengohe ki etahi ture me ngā āhuatanga e whakaahua ratou whanonga. He āpiti Ko tētahi taua āhuatanga taketake e nohoia ana e te mahi arorau runga ake-whakaahuatia.

Tenei āhuatanga fakapapau'i e te mahi raupapa tuu te uara operand e kore e huri. Ehara i ngā katoa i tenei taonga. Rerekē te taha me te disjunction e makona whakaritenga commutativity, te mahi o te kopu whakareatanga e kore ko, me te whakatikatika o nga āhuatanga i roto i tenei mahi ka pau te hua o te huringa, me te mana rea.

He āhuatanga atu o

Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga nui, Kei te maha i whakamahia i roto i te hikohiko me te circuitry, ko te subordination o o ngā mahi arorau ture De Morgan takirua.

Ēnei ture herea te whakamahi i te mahi whakakorehanga arorau, whakamahia e te ki te whakapuaki i te mahi arorau whakamahi i te tahi atu takirua o ngā mahi arorau. Hei tauira, kia whakahuatia he mahi te taha whakakorehanga i te negations disjunction tauwhakaarotau motuhake. Ki enei ture te mahi arorau "AND", "OR" me vzaimovyrazheny taea te whakatinana ki te utu pūmārō iti. Ko te tino whai hua i roto i te hoahoa ara iahiko tenei āhuatanga, rite taea reira ki a koe te whakaora i ngā rauemi i roto i te tātai me te hanganga o maramara.