Ko te pūnaha rauropi o Marehekepa. Kiritaki me ngā wāhanga o rauwiringa wiwi

Rauwiringa kaiao - he ariā e tautuhi ana i te pūnaha o whanaunga i roto i tetahi hapori o mea ora, nohonga tūhonohono ( "Oikos" (Gr) -. "Noho" me "pūnaha").

Ko te kupu, ina whakaaro tatou te hononga i waenganui i ngā tipu, kararehe, pirinoa, huakita noho te wāhi wiwi, mea tatou e tenei katoa - te hauropi o Marehekepa.

rauwiringa kaiao Natural: systematization i roto i ngā rōpū

Ka taea te wehewehe ratou e whai ake:

1. whenua - Tundra, taiga, ngahere te hōtoke, puninga, koraha.

2. wai māori - awa, ngā roto, Faarii, repo, te wai wiwi.

3. Marine - Ocean papa, upwelling (wāhi ki te whakaatu o wai hohonu moana), wahapū (te mangai o nga awa e rere ki te moana, me ngā moana), te ākau.

Ka taea e rauropi e te rahi e whai ake nei:

• moroiti - rawa iti (hei tauira, repo hummock);

• meso - rahi reo (tenei pea, mo te tauira, he wiwi, harotoroto ranei);

• tonotono - rawa nui (moana fenua ranei);

• Global - te ao.

wāhanga hiato o te rauwiringa kaiao me ngā āhuatanga taiao

Kei Tetahi hauropi o te huinga o ngā wāhanga aahuatanga: te kaiao ora e noho ai, me te abiotic (ora-kore) - he kohuke, te oneone organic, hauota, waro, te wai.

whai wāhi autaki āhuatanga Natural ki te whanaketanga o ngā hapori o mea ora, te wāhi iti o te pūnaha. Tenei radiation, haumākū, pēhanga hau tauira pāmahana solar.

He tika te reira ki te whakahua i te wawaotanga tangata i roto i te ora o ngā hapori - he reira āhuatanga tangata-i hanga e kore e taea e te huri anake te puunaha hauropi, engari ano ki te whakangaro i te reira.

Meadows: systematization

Raorao huaina wāhi whāiti, ki ng a ki te tarutaru. I roto i Russia, e ngā wehea nga wahi kai ki Kowaka (maori tūturu), me te horihori. (I takea mai i te hurihanga, rawa tīni wā tino).

Kua ngā whakamahia puninga Maori mō te haying me te karaihe kararehe. whakarato rātou i taonga he kotinga o otaota me tautoko wiwi rauwiringa kaiao iho te hiahia mo te roa-ora taata hononga ora. Disaster taua rohe whakaaro ki te horo oneone, ki ng a ki underbrush (e tata ana te ngahere), me te whakatö o ngā tarutaru. Ko iti me iti te maania, Maori.

Marehekepa horihori i roto i ngā wāhi whakaaro ai ahu i mara hurihanga hua puta i muri i ngahere ranei. E Matete ratou pātītī te koiora, e hoatu i te tukua teitei. Tonu aroturuki i te āhua o te oneone, hanga i te kohuke, me te organic maniua tika. Ko tino rerekē i te taiao, i hanga, me te te tiaki āwenewene anake hauropi Meadows i roto i tenei take.

Hoki karaihe Kua whakamahia e rua otaota māori, me te horihori. whakaaro te tika kei te he rärangi o taua pae i roto i te rāngai mō te whakamahi kē, taea reira tarutaru taupoki faaho'ihia mai.

wāhanga aahuatanga wahi kai rauwiringa kaiao

no wiwi ki hapori rahi reo o mea ora, na te tito o te āhuatanga katoa tūturu i roto i tetahi o ratou.

E huaina tangata puninga rauwiringa kaiao wāhanga aahuatanga. E ai ki te whakarōpū whāngai, he reira ngä, kiritaki me kaiwhakapopo.

1. ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ (основа любого органического вещества). Ngä - he tipu e tahuri pūngao kōmaru roto i te ahotakakame poinanaha kūhuka C ₆ H ₁₂ e ₆ (turanga tetahi taonga organic).

2. Consuments - kiritaki raorao hauropi, te kai i runga i te tipu, ngārara ranei te tahi atu kararehe.

3. Kaiwhakapopo - he kaiao e whangai i runga i te mea organic mate.

kaihanga wahi kai

Te tipu matua i roto i te wiwi - tarutaru. Kei te whakapono te reira i taua i runga i te kotahi mita tapawha taea te tīariari taha i te taha e pā ana ki te tipu rerekē rau.

pātītī wiwi Basic - pata (e pā ana ki e wha tekau momo). Timoti reira, fescue whero me te wiwi, rai tarutaru, kari tarutaru, bluegrass , wiwi foxtail, wiwi Brome, ma piko. hanga ana e ratou ake te papatipu matomato, whakarato he pūreirei pai, tupu āta i te puna, tupu ano ngahuru (homai te muri). Enei otaota - te tohanga o raro o te Marehekepa.

Ko te wiwi i muri tino noa - rēkiumu (i rima ki te rua tekau ngā momo): clover, pī, te ana'iraa. whakarangatira ratou te oneone ki te hauota. Ko te rua te taumata tenei.

Pātītī he tipu o te whānau Umbelliferae, Labiatae, Buttercup, rōkara - ko waiwai toru te taumata.

Tarutaru - te hono nui tuatahi i roto i te mekameka kai, hapori whenua. No okotahi me puninga rauwiringa kaiao. Animals (kararehe wätea), ngārara, kai manu e rua greens me purapura. Ko te pātītī atu mohoao i roto i te wiwi, ka taea e te kiritaki atu pea tu i runga i tenei pae.

consuments

E wehea wahi kai kiritaki rauwiringa kaiao ki whakahau e toru:

1. Ki o kiritaki (kaiwhakamahi) o te tikanga tuatahi he māngai o te wao nui tika whangai hua (kaiwhakanao), arā ngā tipu. Tenei pepeke (ngā pūrerehua, pi, ngata), kararehe wätea (kiore, kararehe, hoiho, hipi, koati, räpeti), raorao manu (koitareke, manu, patiri).

2. kawe te tikanga tuarua consuments kaikiko, herbivores kai. pokiha reira, hedgehogs, manu insectivorous (wagtail, corncrake, snipe, TIT, e wha tekau), me te ara pūngāwerewere.

3. I te toru o nga tikanga o te kiritaki he kaikiko, kai kaikiko. Tenei manu (kestrel, kaeaea, kahu, kite) me te kararehe (hei tauira, pokiha).

wahi kai kaiwhakamate rauwiringa kaiao

kia katia tetahi mekameka kai, kua meinga ai e huringa o te uri. Na reira, i reira kia kaiao ahei o ha'iriiri toenga waro katoa. еструкторами. E huaina ratou kaiwhakapopo, d estruktorami ranei. mahi ratou i te mahi tino nui - ko te reira i roto i te āhua o te ma'ii, katia ratou huringa biogeochemical.

Kei hea ko te parawae? (I mate ranei i tetahi mate, ranei, ranei kua oti te tukanga o te oraraa) i tenei whenua mate, me te raro (pakiaka) o nga otaota, hinga rau ngahuru, kua mate, manu me nga kararehe, manu, hua ururua, kararehe, me te tangata. Katoa o tenei mea organic pūngao-taonga, e karangatia ana ko detritus.

Ko te pūnaha rauropi o haerenga hanga reira taea ki te tīariari te kararehe e whai ake nei e whangai i runga i detritus (detritophages):

• manu - ekara, whatura, tangihanga, jackdaws;

• pepeke - popokorua, torongū pepeke, te whakawhanake raro, pītara paru, weri e rua-rua;

• noke.

Ko katoa o nga māngai i runga o nga otaota wiwi te tikanga i roto i na kiritaki, noho he wāhi motuhake i roto i te raupapatanga o kiritaki. Kai toenga mate, me te reira purenga te taiao, waiho ratou i muri i te totoka toenga pukupuku (paru).

Marehekepa kaiwhakapopo

Wiwi ngā pātītī, e ko te kaihanga, mo ratou tupu me tango i te oneone memeha ki reira kohuke.

I te whenua (tae atu ki wiwi) matū kohuke tomo te oneone i roto i rua ara - aahuatanga me abiotic.

1. I roto i te natura harore anake me microorganisms taea ki te tahuri ngā pūhui matū waro matatini ki ohie pararopi, me te organic oneone. Ko ratou nga kaiwhakapopo matua o rauwiringa whenua. Tenei tikanga aahuatanga.

2. tauwhatinga Mechanical (Freeze-koero), matū me tauhohe ahomatū tupu i roto i te natura, e tahuri ki ngā pūhui matū waro matatini e wātea ana ki kaiwhakapopo ohie organic me inorganic. Ko te ara abiotic ki tenei.