Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: biography, whakaahua, whakairo

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich ko tetahi o nga kaiwhakairo rahi o Classicism Russian, nei mahi e î ki mau mana'o teitei o te Māmá, emotionality kanapa me te humanism tiketike. E ai ki fakaangá toi te timatanga o te rau tau XIX, i roto i ia o ana mahi, "heheu te rota o te whakaaro, mau mana'o, titiro taketake me te ariki ringa o te kaituhi."

Mihail Ivanovich Kozlovsky - he toi, o nga toi Russian katoa e ora ai, pea, te poto, engari ano hoki i te ora te nuinga o ngingila. O ngā moni ko meinga te kaihanga nga ngā pakiwaitara tawhito me pūāhua o hītori Russian. I roto i a ratou, ka kitea e ia nga mana'o e he nui hoki ona to'ume'á kore anake, engari ano hoki whakatupuranga heke mai.

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: biography

Ko te heke mai toi rongonui whanau i roto i 1753 i roto i te hapu o te kaipuke tetere e hoehoea, tetahi o nga wahi o waho ake o St Petersburg moana. Here pau ia tau tona tamarikitanga.

I te tau o tekau ma tahi (1764) Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich wehe ake i te kāinga, a tohe mātua te maha o ngā ākonga piri te St Petersburg Academy o Toi. I tenei wa i roto i te toi Pākehā - whakairo, hoahoanga, peita - paari, me te āta whakawhanakehia Classicism. Ko te māngai e kānapanapa o tenei au i roto i te toi ko te toi rongonui Russian Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich.

haurongo Poto o te toi:

• .: 1773 puta Academy ki te mētara koura;
• . 1774-1778 gg: noho i roto i te Roma hei pori mātauranga;
• 1780:. Marseilles Academy o Toi whakawhiwhia a ia i te taitara o te academician;
• . 1784-1785 gg: mahi ana hoki te whakapakoko mapere o Catherine II i te puka o te atua tahito o te whakaaro nui, kua Minerva kua whiwhi rongonui me te āhukahuka o to'utangata (te haputanga tino mātauranga o te arii pai - he iriti ture no whakaaro nui, me te Kaiwaowao o te fatherland);
• i te timatanga o 1788 ka tonoa ki waho (Paris) ki te ako;
• . 1790: hoki Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich kāinga, hanga whakairo huringa oaoa;
• i roto i te 1796-m mahia he raupapa whānui o tuhi whakairo i runga i te kaupapa o te Torotiana War, tohua tenei wā katoa e te rapu mo te monumentality, ngā āhuatanga hou, i meinga tetahi o nga wae ki te faahaere i te ohipa a te toi;
• i roto i te wā i 1799 ki te 1801 te mahi i runga i te A. rangatira tohu V. Suvorovu, whakakororia ia wikitoria tata o te ope Russian i roto i te pakanga Itari;
• I roto i te 1802 ohorere mate Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich i te pirimia o te ora, me te taranata.

I te tīmatanga tanumia ia i te urupā Smolensk Siu. I roto i te 1931, ka oho te tanumanga ki te Alexander Nevsky pakiki i runga i te urupā Lazarevskoye

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: whakairo

Ana mahi - reliefs staturnaya kirihou, whakairo rahi me menema - e î ki aau hohonu, me te humanism hanahana.

I roto i te kāhua o ana mahi tino pānga te rerehua o French rau whakairo XIVIII. O enei, te pai mohio ko: te tohu A. V. Suvorovu i St. Petersburg, te whakapakoko "haehae Hamahona mangai te raiona o" (e kopare nei tetahi o nga puna Peterhof), "e noho ana Girl" (Winter Palace) me "werewere", hanga i runga i te take o te faaipoiporaa o Constantine Pavlovich (rite kei inaianei i roto i te Winter whare), te ahua o te tangata, i hanga hoki te ako o te anatomy tangata.

Famous hoki ona pati-reliefs: "Ko te hokinga o Regulus ki Carthage," "Camille, whakakapi Roma i te Gauls" (kei roto i te St. Petersburg, i roto i te Palace Marble), "Massacre o nga kore hara", "Polycrates", "Cupid", "Mercury me te nymph", " Apollo "(kitea i roto i te whare taonga o Alexander III).

wawe

I roto i te wā tuatahi o te auahatanga te kaupapa matua o te mahi o te toi, ko te kaupapa o te viivii ore tāone, te itoito, whaiaro patunga-me te itoito.

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich toa o ratou reliefs hanga pūāhua nui i te hītori o Roma i tahito, e mea patunga tapu ratou i te ingoa o te fatherland me te pai noa o te iwi. tona mahi taua "Regula poroporoaki ki tangata Roma" (1780), me te "faaore Wikitöria, o Roma Camille" (1781).

Hill me te whakapakoko poto, mārama o hanganga, wawetia me te mārama o ngā rārangi, me ngā puka - āhuatanga e wehewehe te mahi i runga i nei mahi Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich i roto i te wā wawe o te auahatanga. Sculpture maitai fehoanaki ki te hoahoanga o te whare, hanga i roto i te kāhua o te Classicism wawe.

whakairo Harmony me te hoahoanga

hapori Rawa tahi o toi e rua - whakairo me te hoahoanga - whakakitea i roto i te reliefs te raima i hanga mo te Hall Concert i roto i te Catherine Park (Tsarskoye selo). Ko te kaituhi o te teneti, i hanga i roto i te kāhua o te Classicism pakeke, ko George. Quarenghi (1783-1788). Reliefs faaite te kaupapa noa - i te waiata. Orpheus tākaro i te hapa tames kararehe mohoao; Aporo, te tākaro waiata, pai te taringa o Ceres; huanga Muse Art whakaatu - taua whakaaro, i utua whakarongo ki Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich. Ko te Ruānuku (wawe reliefs) rerekē hanganga equilibrated hanganga takiwa maeneene naki me whakapakoko whakapaipai mea kororia te. whai wāhi enei āhuatanga katoa ki te hanganga o te teneti huru waiata ahurei.

Whakapakoko Katherine II

He whakapakoko nui o Empress Catherine II i te puka o te atua tahito o te whakaaro nui, Minerva (Ancient Roma) i hanga e te toi i roto i te wā i 1784 ki te 1785. kāpehu, te Empress te i roto i te koroka tawhito, me te porotiti, te potae (te atua o ngā huanga). tohu ia ki tetahi ringa e takoto ana i runga i ona waewae i te tohu e tohu i te wikitoria riro e reira. Kei te pupuri tetahi Empress he pukapuka ki whakaputaina reira "mo te toko i te ora o ture ana kaupapa '. Na whakatinana ratou whakaaro o te arii tino - ei iriti ture no whakaaro nui, me te Kaiwaowao o te fatherland - Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich, whakairo e mau te pane o tona faahiahia mo nga whakaaro o te Māmá.

"Vigil Aleksandra Makedonskogo"

Marble whakapakoko, i hanga i roto i te 1780s, kua he whakarite pū matatini. mahi hoki i te whakapakoko o te hero kororia o tawhito rite te pūtake mo te toi ki whakatinana i te mau mana'o o te mātauranga - mātauranga o te whai o te matauranga me te e pai o te pakeke.

Kirihou hanganga otinga me whakapakoko anaana te wairua o te nui ata me te tapatahi rangatira. Figure pakeke rerekē, me te proportionality, waipuke maeneene o ngā āhua me takiwa.

tinana o te tangata taitama rite te mea i roto i te hiamoe tunewha, ona uaua rite "tinei" te taupoki frosted pai mapere, takoto tona matenga i runga i tona ringa takoto i runga i tona turi. Ko te hape o tenei mana'o e whāriki o te ata noho ...

huahua

I roto i te momo o drawings Whatahoro, te nuinga o nei he huahua faaineineraa mō whakairo heke mai, takina ratou hononga ki te arotahi matua o te ariki - i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā kaupapa me ngā kaupapa (ngā pūrākau, te Bibilia, te Evanelia), i roto i nga tikanga o ngā whakaaro toi whakapuaki.

Ko kia pai kia i titiro he maha o drawings Kozlowski rite motuhake, mahi whakairoiro oti. I roto e hanga ratou i roto i te 1792-m "mate o Hippolytus" me "rau Theseus Ariadne." tohu fakaangá i te whakaari, me te kaha aronganui, e "manawa" enei mahi.

"Polycrates"

Ko te wā ano i 1788 ki te toi 1790-th, i Paris, i reira ka haere ia ki te whiwhi mōhiotanga hou, me te wheako. Ka rite ki te hua o te rere rahi o ongo meinga e nga ngā o te revolution, ki te mahi i roto i te mua o ia, i whanau i te faaururaa hou, kaupapa hou, me ngā kaupapa.

panaia hou toi Paris te whakaaro ki te mahi i te aamu o te hītori o tawhito Kariki Polycrates mate Kio nanakia. Poutohu o te toi i mahi Polycrates rite te pūtake mo te hanganga o te ahua o te whakautu aua ki ngā nāianei. kitea te pepa hiahia o te kaitoi ki te whakarangatira i te kupu whakarite o te toi. Hanga reira noa atu whakamīharo. I roto i tona whakairo, "Polycrates" tuku te pūtirotiro te matewai ngākau mō te haere noa, te mauiui, me te mana'o faingata'a o te whakawa hero.

te whakatinanatanga o te viivii ore i te pae varua

I roto i 1792-m Kua oti tetahi o te mahi tino faahiahia - he whakapakoko ataahua o "Sleeping Cupid" (mapere). hanga te kaituhi i te ara oaoa, me te tahi whakamiharo.

hanga Ko tōna tauira i roto i te huru e te whakapakoko iti o "Psyche" (mapere, 1801) image, waha viivii ore i te pae varua, te koroingo o melé, tamarikitanga hari.

"Haehae Hamahona mangai te raiona o"

I roto i te puna o 1800 i kawea te pai rangatira Russian ki te whakahou i te Niniiraa Big Peterhof. kawea te mahi i roto i runga i ono nga tau.

Ko te wahi pokapū i roto i te mahere ka mau te rōpū hanga Kozlovsky - "Hamahona e haehae ana te mangai o te raiona o." I roto i te hanganga o te kaituhi o i whakamahia te whakairo ahu hoki i roto i te wa o Pita te whakarite i roto i te mea i tāutuhia te Bibilia a Hamahona ki a St. Sampson, nei i whakaaro i roto i te rau tau 18 te tapu kaiwhakaruruhau o Russia. I roto i 1709, i roto i te whakanui o tona mahara (27 Pipiri), i riro Russian wikitoria kororia i runga i nga Swedes i roto i te rongonui pakanga o Poltava. I roto i te toi o Pita ahau, ko Hamahona te faahoho'araa o te raiona Russian me wikitoria (te whakapakoko pokapū o o ringa te koti Huitene) patua fakafofonga'i te kingi Swedish.

I roto i te whakairo rahi e whakaaturia hihiri engari pehi kaupapa o te tinana kaha o te Hamahona. Tahuri i roto i te wāhi i roto i te tōrino, powhiwhiwhi tinana kia e mārama kitea Titanic uaua kukū, koi wahia hoki waewae, ka tuohu tona matenga, te aito o e rua ringa e haehae ana te mangai o te raiona o.

Kua tika tuhu kairangahau i te pātata ki te whakairo o te toi o Michelangelo. Ko te rōpū ihirangi wä, me te pohewa, mana'o tāmau whenua hohonu, whakaurua nei i roto i tona mahi Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich (whakairo whakaahua, ko te tohu o taua), ki te pūtirotiro anga he vanavanaiki tino rerekē - Russian korero taketake nui faahiahia o hītori kāinga o te ngakau - iho.

Kaupapa hītori Russian

Kaupapa o te hītori motu ko te ūnga tino whakaongaonga i roto i nga mahi o te toi. I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te 1790 i hanga e ia te whakapakoko o "Prince Hakopa Dolgoruky haehae ture kingi" me "Hercules runga i te hoiho." Te nuinga o te ngākau tonu ki te hanga i te whakapakoko o te itoito tiketike, me te rangatira fakalaumālie mohio e te toi i roto i tona tohu rangatira A. V. Suvorovu (St. Petersburg, 1799-1801).

Mo'uí tohu whakamanamana

image fakataipé, whakarite te whakakororia i Russia me tona rangatira nui - na ka hapu Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich tohu ki Suvorov.

timata te mahi i roto i te ora o te hero. I te tau o e whitu tekau hanga Generalissimo te ao katoa ki te te haapoupou faito ore i roto i te aamu o te whakawhitinga hautoa o te ope Russian i runga i nga māeroero. I roto i 63 whawhai i roto i Russian kihai i he hinga kotahi, te hoariri i mau pu 619 kara i te toa. ka kia Famous haerenga Italian te hōia Russian me taranata rautaki Aleksandra Suvorova kororia e kore e pirau.

Ko te mahi o te toi, ko Kozlovsky ki te waihanga i tētahi tohu ora whakamanamana. Order makatuunga kaupapa: e kore e mahi roa te ora itoito o te rangatira nui, e kore te pūtakenga o tona whakapakoko hinengaro, engari i anake mahi i roto i te pakanga Italian ki te kia kitea i roto i te whakapakoko.

Portrait o te reo o te kupu whakarite

Na tahuri ano te toi ki te reo whakarite aua mea. ahua pūhihi Light i runga i te turanga a tawhio - te taitamariki toa toa i roto i te whawhai, ki tonu i te kaha, me te e ngateri haere whakamua. Ko te ahua o te atua Roma o te whawhai Mars tenei. Ko te tohu o te ringa matau, e pupuri ana i te hoari, unu rawa he faaotiraa faahiahia. Kaha mahue kakahu hoki. Ataahua mata hoæ, whakapehapeha ara tona matenga, whakawhirinaki tino maro, me te wikitoria i pai ai, masterfully whakawhiti ki te ahua - tenei whakapakoko Päkehä i hanga e te atua toi o te whawhai.

Ana pukupuku whakangungu rakau toa eke muri reira aata ki runga ki e he Sardinian me Neapolitan karauna me Tiara Rome. Ko te tikanga fakataipe o tenei whakapakoko ko e ki patu Russian raro i te mātakitaki o pakanga Itari a Suvorov tiaki te ngākau nuitanga o te whenua e toru māngai.

I nga taha o te aata whika wahine kei tohu i te pai o viretu tangata: tumanako, te whakapono me te aroha.

I te taha ki mua o te turanga i reira, ko te ahua o te Loumaile me te nikau whiti manga - he tohu o te Commonwealth poto o te whawhai me te rangimarie.

whakawhirinaki Hero Shield i runga i tohu pakanga - matua, kara pū. hono te taiapa huri noa i te tohu e ki mekameka makape pōma.

tikanga aua ki te kia kitea i roto i nga taipitopito o te whakapakoko. Na te tuhituhinga i runga i te turanga: "Prince o Itari, Count Suvorov Rymniksky" ta e pā ana ki te hunga hangaia te pou.

te parau mau ā-High

Ko te pepa Kozlowski anake ahua portrait vaguely kitea hanga e ia aua whakapakoko Päkehä o te hero iwi aroha.

Ko te ōwehenga elongated o te mata, kanohi hohonu-whakaritea, he ihu nui, me te wāhanga angamaheni taipāpā, paku whakaukia atua mangai parahi o to'utangata whawhai e mōhiotia āhuatanga o te whānui nui.

Ko te tino tia me te tawhiti te ahua, ko te mārama tika Portrait waho e kore te matua i te kaihanga o te whakairo. He patu whakahere tika portrait, hoatu e ia te pai ai aueue me te mana katoa-te wikitoria o Suvorov. Kozlowski reo o te whakarite aua mea - i roto i fakatatau te atua o te whawhai - ko te whakapakoko Päkehä o nga marohirohi o te rangatira Russian nui mō ake. A i roto i tenei - pono i roto tiketike o tona mahi.