Laureate - he toa Nobel ...

Ko wai te mea te toa? Tenei tangata, he tauine motu ao ranei tohu-toa. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka whakarārangi tatou te tohu tino rongonui o te rua o nga momo. A hoatu ano he rārangi o toa o te tohu, whakapumautia e te milioni Swedish Alfred Nobel me kairangahau.

Ko te kupu "toa"

Kua tae mai tenei ariā ki to tatou reo i te reo Roma. I roto i te reo o Virgil, te auraa te reira "karaunatia ki te tatü." Laureate - reira (i roto i te tikanga hou) te tangata nei aroaro ki tohu nui mō te paetae i roto i tetahi mara. I roto i te Roma i tahito, anake e hua tenei whakamāramatanga kaitito.

Laureate - Ko te kore noa i te tohu-toa, engari ano hoki te toa o te whakataetae. I tua atu, denoted te kupu raraunga te paetukutuku honore. Ko te whaimana tino i roto i te ao e:

• Pulitzer paraihe;
• MTV Video Music Awards;
• Kawenata Tohu;
• "Grammy";
• BAFTA;
• Booker paraihe ;
• "Oscar".

E hangaia ēnei tohu ki te whakanui i te whakatutukitanga o toi. Pera i te matara aivanaa me tau tūmatanui, te nui o ratou tomo, ka e kia kōrero i raro i te rārangi o toa taonga.

Ko te Nobel

ka anga Ko tōna hītori roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau. Kei te whakawhiwhia te reira no te whakatutukitanga tino i roto i te mara o te pūtaiao (ahupūngao, matū, rongoā) me te tuhinga. He ko tetahi kāwai o nga tohu rongonui, ara te Nobel te rangimarie paraihe.

Ko te tukanga o te tohu e wahi katoa tau i roto i Oslo. Ka taea te kōhari ngā kaitono ngā mema o kāwanatanga motu, pāremata motu me marae ao, A tuatapapa i te mau peresideni pūtahi mana me tangata e kua whakawhiwhia te utu. Kawenga mō te tīpako i te toa o te pütea motuhake, kua whakaritea e te Paremete Norwegian nei te mau melo.

E ai ki nga faaueraa Alfreda Nobelya, i faaitehia i ia i roto i tana i pai ai, i homai te rangimarie paraihe ki tangata e kua hanga he takoha ki te rangimarie. I roto i te kaitōrangapū rongonui nei i whakawhiwhia tenei taonga, Teodor Ruzvelt, Martin Luther King, Andrei Sakharov, leh Valensa, Mikhail Gorbachev, Kofi Annan. Ka taea e te tiki i te reira hei takitahi, me te poka katoa. Ko te kupu, i roto i nga toa Nobel i roto i 2013 i reira he he whakahaere mo te Prohibition o Chemical Weapons. hanga Association i te mutunga o nga 90. whakatakoto tona mahi i roto i te taitara.

Nobel mō Literature

Kihai i whakawhiwhia katoa o nga kaituhi pūmanawa he mētara ki te whakapakoko o Alfred Nobel. A e kore katoa ko te toa o tenei tohu no ki te kaituhi tuhi rongonui, me te tino pānui. Heoi, ko te tika me te objectivity o te Komiti Nobel - he pātai e pā ana ki te kaupapa tino rerekē. Tenei tapaea tatou he rārangi poto o ngā kaituhi me kaitito, he mōhio ki te tangata e pānui te tangata nei ingoa e mohiotia te ao, me te nei pukapuka.

Laureates o te paraihe mo Literature:

• Rudyard Kipling;
• Knut Hamsun;
• Anatole France;
• Bernard Shaw;
• Alber Kamyu.

Ko te rārangi o toa o te paraihe mo Literature haere a Winston Churchill. ka e ahau he kaitōrangapū rongonui tenei tohu mo te toi tiketike o whakaahuatanga haurongo, me te hītori, me te whaikōrero ngingila.

Nobel toa (USSR)

Taonga mō te papai i ngā wā rerekē ki Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Iosif Brodsky, Ivan Bunin, Mihail Sholohov, Boris Pasternak. Whakatutukinga o pūtaiao Soviet me te neke atu i te kotahi kua whakawhiwhia te Komiti paraihe Nobel. Toa o te USSR me Russia - ko Ivan Pavlov, Ilya Mechnikov, Lev Landau, Pyotr Kapitsa, Vitaly Ginzburg.