Ludwig Erhard: biography, whakaahua, te utuafare whakahou. Te semeio ōhanga German Lyudviga Erharda

Ludwig Erhard, tona haurongo ka kia kōrero i muri, ko te Statesman Te Hau-ā-uru Tiamana pai mohiotia. I te 1963-66 gg. Ko ia Federal Chancellor. Mai i 1966 ki te 1967 ko ia te tiamana tuatahi o te Karaitiana Democratic Union.

Ludwig Erhard: biography

ko te Katorika me tona whaea, i tona papa, - he Porotetani-whaiwhakapono. ko te mātauranga Tuarua Lyudvig Erhard i Nuremberg ko Fürth. I roto i te Ao Tuatahi, whawhai ia i roto i te pū. I roto i te 1918, i werohia Erhard. No te mea o tenei mate i pāngia ia ki te atrophy nui o te ringa maui. I te mutunga o nga ngā mahi e whitu i whakaaturia e ia ere mō te mahi ā-tinana. whai wāhi Ludwig Erhard me tona hapu i roto i te mahi iti. Heoi, kua meinga te whara he tutukitanga nui ki te hokohoko atu o te mahi i roto i te kamupene o tona papa.

ako whare wānanga

I roto i te Institute o Ludwig Erhard Nuremberg timata ki te ako ohaoha. tonu e ia tona mātauranga i ia i University Frankfurt. Mahara ki ngā ākonga, ka mea a Ludwig Erhard e ua ia rawa mokemoke i roto i tenei wā. E kore e ki te wareware te reo o tona reo, ka haere ia ki te papa te wahi korero i roto i te karanga ki a ia. Hono ako i te University o Frankfurt, tuhia Erhard kounga rawa rawakore o te whakaako. I roto i tenei whakaaro, karanga ia ki te tari o te tumuaki, te wahi i tohutohu ai ia ki te kia kite ia Frantsem Oppengeymerom. haere ana ia ki te tangata. Mai i te kau tutaki ratou whakaaro Ludwig Erhard e Oppenheimer - tetahi o nga pūtaiao pai Tiamana nei whakatakotoria te pūtake o te tirohanga ohaoha.

mātauranga-whaiaro

Taimi nounou i mua i te tīmatanga o te Great Depression Lyudvig Erhard ka mahi i roto i te whaiaro ako-. Etahi wa i muri mai, i whakaritea e ia Tuarua Kaiwhakahaere o te Institute o ako Economic Research i Nuremberg. I roto i te 1942 i akina atu rerekētanga ki te kau Nasí ia ki te waiho i te whare. Te tau e whai ake nei, ka Ludwig Erhard te matenga o te pokapū rangahau iti. I hanga te reira ki te "rōpū emepaea o ahumahi." utua te aro matua te ki te whanaketanga i roto i te pokapū o whakarerekētanga ohaoha, te hiahia hoki i riro i muri i te hinga o te tikanga Nasí.

mahi State

Mai Mahuru 1945, i mahi Ludwig Erhard rite Minita o State mo te ōhanga Bavarian. Na ka noho ia i runga i rite rangatira o te tari motuhake e pā ana ki te moni me te nama i roto i te unikanga. I roto i te Mei 1948, ka Erhard kaiwhakahaere o te Tari Economic. Hoki i roto i te tau 1946, i tīmata ia korero e pā ana ki te hiahia mō ngā hanganga i roto i te ao ōhanga. ua faaite Lyudviga Erharda whakahounga i runga i Pipiri 18-20, 1948. I roto i tenei take, mahi whaiaro i runga i kāwanatanga te Statesman i roto i te rängai ōhanga i roto i Germany. E ai ki te tauira American, hei utu o te Reichsmark i whakaurua ki te moni pūmau. I te wa ano, Whakakahoretia Erhard te whakamahere kāwanatanga centralized me te utu i roto i te pā ana ki te nuinga o nga hua. Na hinonga i roto i te whenua ka haere noa o mahi. Ahakoa te ātete o te Democrats Social e mura, tonu Erhard ki te whai taunaki tūranga ohaoha pūmautanga pūtea.

Mahi i roto i te kāwanatanga o Germany

I muri i te hanganga o Erhard te whenua o riro Minita o Economy i roto i te kingitanga o Konrad Adenauer. Ia ko ano hoki te mono ki te tūranga tumuaki e hānga ana whakamutunga. I muri tupu te Pakanga Korean "merekara German." Ludwig Erhard, homai te āhuatanga uaua i roto i te hokohoko ke, i takoha ki te fakangaloku me here illiberal tono. Utu o ngā rauemi mata kawemai e te ahumahi i roto i Germany, tupu i te toharite o 67%. Ko nga utu o taonga kaweake i te whenua - 17 anake%. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakarite tipu ōhanga tere i tika ki te hopu mākete ke, me te pei ia ia i etahi atu kaihanga. Ki te whakamatauria uncompetitive te ahumahi kāwanatanga i taua wa, i te nekehanga e kē anake te huru o te rāngai ōhanga. tūmanakohia e ahau he pakanga ao hou.

hoatu tenei ara ki te mataku, me te i muri i te reira - te oaoa kiritaki. Na ka mahi i waenganui i Chancellor Adenauer me Minita mo Ōhanga e pā ana ki te tautohe. ka mau te pakanga i te tauine tika whanui, haere ki tua atu mana rōpū whāiti. Ātetenga i haere Erhard tukua ki te riro te wā. I muri i taua, timata Germany ki te mahi i te whawhai ano. ōhanga pūmau ki te utu utu o to ratou mākete mahi timata ki te whakaki i te wāhi i roto i te hiahia o ngā hua o ake taonga production. Nā ki takoha iti i roto i te GDP tere o te tupu o Germany i roto i te rau tau waenganui-20, tae te taumata teitei i roto i te katoa ka ngā i roto i nga whenua whakawhanakehia, i te taumata o piki utu - te raro. I muri i te hanganga i roto i te rängai ōhanga kua timata hanga o whakahou whare.

Ludwig Erhard: Retirement

I roto i te akoranga o tona mahi, whakarerea tino Statesman te whawhe o ngā kāwanatanga, i i tino paingia i roto i te Te Tai Rāwhiti, ā, e mātātoa whakamahia e ona matua i roto i Germany. Kei te tino tautuhia Erhard whenua rite te āhua o te ahurea Western, ōhanga mākete. I roto i te 1963, mutu Adenauer. ka Erhard te Chancellor hou o Germany. Heoi, i tona te tika, i mahi pai i roto i wā o koi peapea i raro i te taupoki e whakaratohia ana e Adenauer, e kore tino pai ki te hei i te arotahi matua o te wā hou. I roto i te 1966, i raro i te pēhanga i tona kaitautoko, i takoha ia ki te rihaina. Ki ona rawa whakamutunga torutoru ra noho Erhard i te Bundestag, te kawana matamua.

te tūranga hītori

hanga merekara Economic Lyudviga Erharda ia hau rongonui o tona era. I takoha ia ki te mahi i roto i tētahi taiao i reira i neke atu i te mau pokanoa kāwanatanga i roto i te rāngai ōhanga. mohio ia e i roto i te tau o te mana nui o te whakaaro-pāpori he tika ki te whakamahi i te whānui o mehua ngā ki te whakarite i te tiaki pāpori o te taupori. Heoi, ko te aronga matua o te mea ki te whakawhanake i te ariā Lyudviga Erharda, ko ki tiaki i te pūmautanga pūtea, me te haere noa ōhanga. Pikinga me centralism ko ona hoariri matua. hiahia Erhard ki whakaiti tetahi faaiteraa o statism. I te wa ano, e kore ia i tamata ki te whawhai i te mana o te parenga. whakaaro ia e kia e whakaaro nui ki te hoatu i te reira i runga i tona taha. Ko ïa tenei te mauri o te rautaki, i ka mohiotia rite te ōhanga mākete pāpori. i hoatu matua ki reira i roto i te huarahi hokohoko, engari e kore e te toko i te ora tūmatanui.

mutunga

tamata tonu Erhard nui taea ki kakato ange whakamārama ki te taupori te pū o whakahounga, i whakahaere ia, hei utu mo o, rite ko te tikanga i roto i te rau tau 20, ki te whai wāhi i roto i te demagoguery. i rite ki te whakapati nga tangata o Germany tae noa taua wa ia rite kore ko ia whakama e kore e tautoko i tautooraa e arata'i nei i te kāwanatanga ki te tiaki i te pūmautanga o te moni. haamana'o CSU rangatira Strauss e, te taenga atu ano ka haere mai te reira ki te ōhanga mākete, i roto i maranga ake Erhard taranata rite te kaikōrero. he hiahia i roto ia me pāngia e te whakarongo ki to ratou ngākau. i taea ki te riria, ia hohoro kua ki ano Erhard ka riro te whakawhirinaki o te kaitautoko.