Mahi toi "Matryona" - take me tohenga

I roto i te Hakihea 1961, whakaurua A. I. Solzhenitsyn te tino ētita o te moheni "Ao New" Tvardovsky tuarua kōrero (mō te arotake). I huaina te reira "E kore utu te kainga, kahore he tangata tika," engari tata tonu i whakaingoatia "Matryona". Ko te raruraru i roto i te ihirangi hua kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te ingoa kei roto "wā fakalotu". Whakaputa i te kōrero i anake he tau i muri mai - i roto i te take Hānuere o 1963 te tino whānui i kite i roto i te moheni tuhituhi USSR.

Ko te wahi o te kōrero

I karangatia e te koero. Ki tenei mutunga, i etahi whenua i waiho maha mirioni o herehere tata o puni me whakarau o Stalin te wahi ki te huka taimaha āhuarangi koraha ranei a whakahokia ana wahi o te Pākehā Union - e kore i roto i te pa nui (kihai i whakaaetia e ratou ki reira), a i roto i nga kainga me nga pa o te ropu waenganui. Here, i roto i te ata haruru nga rau o ngahere, e tata ana nga awa rere ata, dolgostradaltsam katoa te titiro pai, me te awhiawhi. Tonu te ora, ara i roto i enei wahi kihai i ohie. Ki te tiki i te mahi e kore i te mea ohie, ara māmā atu i tata, ka kore e e whakawhirinaki ara he herehere mua huripara. e kore e ēnei huru ohorere e te kaikōrero, i runga i mo o te kaikörero. Ua ite e ia te hiahia akiaki mo te mea ngā ohie, ara ki te tiki ki te mahi i roto i te kaiako pāngarau kura tuawhenua, kitea te wahi ki te ora. Ko tenei tona "mahi tuatahi me te take whakaarahia." I roto i te Matryona arahina ia mohio tüao, he kaihoko i te teihana tereina ki te waiu. e kore e Ētahi atu kōwhiringa whakamatauria ki te kia i te nohoanga kau anake te wahine tawhito. ko tona ingoa Matryona. Na ka mau ratou i mohio.

penihana

Heoi haere ana i roto i te 1956, kua puta ke te whenua te rota, engari noho rawakore te ora pāmu. He maha ngā āhuatanga o te kaiahuwhenua ora pou-Stalin era ore tahuna Aleksandr Isaevich i te aamu "Matryona". Ko te raruraru o tona kaipānui hou rangatira whare kia mea faufaa ore, engari i roto i te tau wawe Khrushchev tu ia i roto i mua o maha käinga whenua nui. Kolkhoz penihana - rawakore, vosmidesyatirublevaya (8 moni hou, pou-whakahou.) - a kahore te i okioki wahine pono ottrudivsheysya ora. haere ia i runga i wā, te kohi etahi tiwhikete moni o te tane kua mate, ka fehangahangai ki tamau koirā poauau me te mauähara tau'a uiui, a, i roto i te mutunga, i hanga i tona ake. whakanohoia ia penihana, me te tango ki pūkete utu atu mo te kaiako kvartirovanie (Ignatyitch, mo o e korerotia te aamu e), puta riro te reira e te paerewa tuawhenua, te rahi nui - (. i muri i 1961 18 moni) rite nui rite kotahi rau e waru tekau moni - "ki te mate kore te mea e tika ana ".

Na te Peat motokā ...

Peat

Ae, kei te maha whakamahia tenei momo o te wahie mo te whakawera i roto i ngā wāhanga ki te āhuarangi wiwi. Te āhua e kia waiho te reira nui ki te katoa, engari i roto i te parau mau uaua o te rima tekau Soviet ite kaimahi o te mea katoa e he tika hoki te iwi. Kei te nuinga o tiaki tenei āhuatanga i roto i te wā Soviet. E kore te te Field High o te taro tunua, e kore e te hua i hokona, reira katoa i ki toia i peke i te pokapū rohe. Otiia, i roto i te tua ki te tuku taupori kai, A. I. Solzhenitsyn parau e pā ana ki tetahi atu āhuatanga nui o te ora tuawhenua i roto i "Matryona" kōrero. kua tino whakawera ngātahi take kaiārahi pāmu kua haere i runga i ki nga noho o te kainga, a ka kua whakaritea e ratou a reira ia koe, a ka pehea i taea e: tahae Peat. Ignatich hau'a, whakapono e te taraka wahie - te reira i te rota, e ka rato ai mo te hotoke katoa, engari mau e hiahiatia e toru nga wa rite nui. toia Peat i runga i nga wahine katoa o te kainga - me te mōrea o te mau, te pehipehi tahaetia i te tiamana e te mahana i roto i to koutou whare, o te akoranga, kia tupato.

ora whaiaro

puritia fe'unga Matrona whare, nui kotahi, engari i te wa wa, me te kore o te ringa tane i haere ki te āhua te hautoa ki. Ko te hītori o te taonga rā hoki noa i mua i te revolution. I marenatia te rangatira, noho ahau i konei mo te wa roa, a ka whanau ki ono tamariki, tetahi o nei ora. whakaarahia Matrona irāmutu rite tona tamahine ake, tango ia i te whānau nui o teina tana tane o. He ko backstory: he te wahine marena hou, i pā ana ki ki te waiho mo Tariu, tana hakari "divirya" ia, engari kihai i mahi i roto i. ngaro atu ia ki roto ki te ngaro Tiamana, a kihai ia i tatari, marenatia tona teina. muri whakakitea Tariu ake, nui rawa te riri, engari kua noho Matrona ki Efim.

Kua waiho tika rawa he take o te pakanga i waenganui i whanaunga i ki te whakatau me pehea ratou e faaite i Matryona. Raruraru me ngā tohenga e whakamahia ana e te kainga heke mai, kua meinga maha ngā whakahēnga, me te pākarukaru arahina ki te mate o te wahine.

Life me te mo'emo'e

Ko te kainga - he ao motuhake, te wahi i nga tika o ratou ake ture tohia. Matrona tokomaha ite poauau. Ehara i te mea he whare rite manakohia i roto i tata katoa. Tukua raruraru rauemi i roto i te mahi "Matryona" faahoho'ahia te kore o te kau, me te poaka, kahore e kore e taea te tikanga mahi i te käinga. Whakahē ia hoki reira, ahakoa i pai te mea he, etahi e kite ki reira rite ora te wahine waenganui-koroheke mokemoke? Ia ko ia rawa mārama whakamārama te take mo tenei mahue. Milk homai ia he koati ki te mea nui iti te hassle o kai (ehara i te mea ataata anga o te kai i te hepara, a ka he rawakore hauora). O mea ora i roto i ona kiore ora, papata kopa ngeru yeah, o nei i reira he maha - e te katoa te "Matryona". taipāpā raruraru ta'elatá ko, ko a ka waiho.

tika

Na ko reira e tika ana ki te haamana'o i te ingoa o te putanga taketake o te kōrero. He aha e te tangata tika, a he aha te mea he hāngai ki te kaiahuwhenua tino mau e noho i roto i te rawakore, te mo'emo'ee me te iti rerekē i te mirioni maha o nga wahine rite ia katoa i runga i te Soviet Union te ariā Siu? He aha hanga rerekē i te reira i ētahi atu? Ko kahore he mea whakamiharo i hiahia Aleksandr Isaevich ki te karanga pai tana mahi? He aha e te raruraru i roto i te aamu "Matryona" ka whakaara ake ia?

Ko te meka e kua he kounga tangata nui Marya. e kore ia kore ki te tauturu ia vetahi ê, i waho te hanga i te wehewehe "pai", me te "kino." haere mai e ia te wahine predsedateleva, ko te wahine rangatira nui, a ki te aplomb hiahiatia (e kore e tono) ki te haere ki te mahi, "ki te āwhina i te pāmu." i kore noa oha ia anake whakamōhio e toka taputapu e hiahia ana koe ki te tango i. Te manawanui ko te wahine ruhiruhia, me te hiahia ki te titiro ki te hoatu ki runga, engari ka miharo ia ki te wa ki te haere mai. Ko te noho tata, ka, a e kore e hiahia ana ki te ui mo Matrona - he reira rite ki te tito, e kore noa whakaaro reira, mo ona mahi wahi me te fakafisi tetahi utu rauemi tonu, ahakoa reira i pai i roto i tetahi take e kore e whara. kore Ignatich rongo i tona whakatau he o te tangata mahi atu, e kore tona rangatira kawekawe.

mate o Matrona

Ko te ingoa "raruraru whare" Ko tino to tatou taonga, i roto i te whānui, te iwi pai. Na mamae hoki nga mahi o te pūāhua i tenei raruraru. I roto i te kōrero o "Matryona" Tariu tawhito o Solzhenitsyn ka e ia te kaikōrero o te apo papai katoa, me te tarani nui. e kore e taea e ia te tatari ki te tiki wahi o te kainga Kohaina ki, a e tika ana inaianei. Ki te hanga take ngahere: toronga ki te wahine tawhito kihai i hiahia, e hiahia ana ia ki te tango i reira motu, ka neke ki a ia. I roto i te ano, e hiahia he mea he ki te kore whakahuatia, engari he mea nui ki te mōhio ki konei e mohio Tariu e kore i taea e Matrona kore. Ko te take i whakaarahia i roto i te aamu "Matryona" te tīariari i roto i te hapori, ahakoa o te taumata moni. Hiahia taikaha me te hohoro, i roto i te mutunga, arahi ki te ati poromu. Hononga overloaded faahee ki rauemi hanga hatepea atu i te whakawhitinga tereina, e kore e taraiwa tereina kite reira, a ka fehangahangai ki te tarakihana. Kei te mate te iwi, tae atu Matrona, e tangohia e rite tonu ki te āwhina i.

Tangihanga me whakamaharatanga

hinengaro Topeha, korokë me ara katakata ngali reira i roto i te scene poroporoaki ki te huru matua o te kōrero "Matryona". E whakamuna raruraru me tautohetohe i roto i te tangi tangihanga, me te tangi, kei te decoded pūāhua rerekē mā te haamaramaramaraa ratou mana'o turai pono. E kore e taea e te kaipānui te āwhina hoko he whakama e runga i te kāwhena pakeke tarai Matrona, wahine i roto i te ora o te pai, me te kinokore, e tahi i rere na mātanga, me te intriganskie mōhiohio. E, Heoi, ko te iwi e aroha te tupapaku, karanga ratou pono. Tariu takiwa he pukumahi: ia hiahiatia wawe ki te kawe i te taonga i riro noa te reira, a ia "solves te raruraru", ki te pupuri i ake he huarahi, i, Ko maha rite te take, oti hakari tata koa. tenei katoa i roto i te wahi tuatahi heheu te raruraru morare.

I roto i te kōrero "Matryona", pera i era atu mahi o A. I. Solzhenitsyna, hanumi te kaituhi raruraru ki te horihori, huru whaiaro-te taviniraa ki te ora, me te whakapono i roto i te i te tīmatanga pai noa.