Me pēhea te ki te whakaiti i te ahotea: tikanga me ngā taputapu

Me koe ki te mohio me pehea ki te raro i te ngaohiko i roto i te ara iahiko ki te ārai kino ki taputapu hiko. Te tangata e matau e pai te whare e rua waea - me kore wā. huaina ana tēnei ko te whatunga kotahi-wāhanga. Kei te uaua whakamahia E toru-wāhanga i roto i te rängai me te whānau-maha kāinga tūmataiti. Ko te hiahia hoki ki te mahi a ia, no te mea powered taputapu katoa e te AC kotahi-wāhanga o nāianei. Otiia i roto i iho hiahiatia hangarau te ki te hanga i te faafariuraa - ki raro AC ngaohiko, tahuri reira ki te pūmau, te whakarerekē i te kaha tīwera, me te tahi atu āhuatanga. Ko enei taime me hiahia koe ki te whakaaro.

ngaohiko iti whakamahi transformers

Ko te ara māmā - ko ki te whakamahi i te hiko ngaohiko iti e hanga te faafariuraa. Ko te tuatahi awhiowhio Kei te maha nui o hohoko atu te tuarua. Ki te kahore he he hiahia ki te whakaiti i te ngaohiko e rua e toru ranei nga wa, me kore e taea te whakamahi i te pōkai tuarua. Ko te tuatahi hiko mea awhiowhio te whakamahia te rite te kaiwehewehe inductive (ki te tetahi whakaiti i reira). I roto i te taputapu whare e whakamahia transformers, ki te kopiko tuarua e de-faaitoitohia 5, 12 ranei 24 volts.

Ko te uara tino whakamahia nuitia i roto i te taputapu whare hou tenei. 20-30 tau ki muri te nuinga o te supply ngaohiko taputapu i 9 wae ngaohiko. He televisions ngongo, me te tīwerawera hiahiatia he ngaohiko tamau o 150-250 V me AC ki 6.3 kakawaea (etahi rama whangai i 12.6). Na reira, ko te hiko awhiowhio Tuarua Kei te taua maha o hohoko rite te tuatahi. I roto i te hangarau hou, he piki whakamahia supply inverter mana (rite i roto i te supply mana rorohiko), ratou hoahoa ngā taahiraa-momo hiko, kua reira āhuatanga iti rawa.

He kaiwehewehe ngaohiko puta noa i te pūpoapoa

Hiko - he parahi pōkai marutanga (te tikanga) i runga i te waea whakarewa he matua ferromagnetic ranei. Hiko - Ko te momo o te pūpoapoa. Ki te i te waenganui o te tuatahi awhiowhio te ki te hanga i te withdrawal, ka waiho reira rite ki te ngaohiko i waenganui ia ratou me nga whakatau tino. A ka waiho te reira rite ki te hawhe o te ngaohiko supply. Otiia i roto i tenei take, ki te te hiko e hangaia ano ki te mahi ki tenei ngaohiko ngā supply.

Ko taea e koe te whakamahi i te maha coils (hei tauira, ki te tango kia rua), ki te hono ia ratou i roto i te raupapa, ka whakaurua ki roto ki te kupenga AC. E matau te uara hiko, e mea ohie ki te hanga i te tātai o te pā i runga i ia o ratou:

1. U (L1) = U1 * (L1 / (L1 + L2)).
2. U (L2) = U1 * (L2 / (L1 + L2)).

I roto i enei tātai, L1 me L2 - hiko o nga spools tuatahi, me te tuarua, U1 - mains ngaohiko i roto i volts, U (L1) ko U (L2) - te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko puta noa i te inductors tuatahi, me te tuarua aua. Kei te whānui te hoahoa o taua iahiko kaiwehewehe whakamahia i roto i te ine whakaaro.

pūnga iahiko kaiwehewehe

whakamahia te kaupapa tino rongonui ki te whakaiti i te uara o te supply AC. Whakamahia te reira i roto i DC kore e taea e, rite te pūnga, i te ture tauwehe o Kirchhoff, te hono DC - tenei āputa. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te nāianei i roto i reira e kore e turuturu. Ko he tautenga, a he taea ki te tinei i te ngaohiko i roto i te mahi i roto i te ara iahiko puritanga AC. ara iahiko rite ki taua i nei kua whakaahuatia i runga, engari hei utu o inductances kaiwehewehe e whakamahia condensers. hanga te tātaitanga kei te whakamahi i te tātai e whai ake nei:

1. Urupare resistance pūnga: X (C) = 1 / (2 * 3,14 * f * C).
2. Ko te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko puta noa i C1: U (C1) = (C2 * U) / (C1 + C2).
3. Ko te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko puta noa i C2: U (C1) = (C1 * U) / (C1 + C2).

Here, C1 me C2 - pūnga iahiko, U - mains ngaohiko, f - auau o te nāianei.

parenga kaiwehewehe

Ko te tino rite ki te hunga o mua i te kaupapa, engari kei te whakamahia e te parenga whakaritea. Ko paku rerekē i te runga ake Tikanga o te tātaitanga o te kaiwehewehe. Ka taea te whakamahi Kaupapa e rua i roto i ara iahiko AC me DC. Ka taea e tatou te mea e he reira ao. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te reira ki te kohikohi koati ngaohiko converter. whakaputaina te maturuturunga iho Tātaitanga puta noa ia iahiko e te tātai e whai ake:

1. U (R1) = (R1 * U) / (R1 + R2).
2. U (R2) = (R2 * U) / (R1 + R2).

Me kï hoki kotahi arai: kia waiho te uara resistance kawenga 1-2 whakahau o nui i raro i taua o nga parenga wehewehe. Kore, ka kia tino taratara te tika o te tātai.

Practical iahiko mana supply: hiko

Hei tīpako i tētahi hiko mana, ka hiahia koe ki te mohio etahi mōhiohio taketake:

1. kaiwhakamahi Power e hiahia ki te hono.
2. Ko te uara o te ngaohiko mains.
3. Ko te uara o te ngaohiko e hiahiatia ana i roto i te tuarua awhiowhio te.

Ki te tātai i te maha o hohoko i roto i te pōkai tuatahi, e hiahia ana koe 50 wehea e te rohe o te matua. tatau te wāhanga ripeka e te tātai:

S = 1,2 * √P1.

He mana P1 = P2 / pai. Ko te tōtika o te hiko e kore e nui atu 0.8 (80% ranei). Na reira, tangohia ka tātai i te uara mōrahi te - 0.8.

Power i roto i te tuarua awhiowhio:

P2 = U2 * I2.

E wātea ana i te taunoa ēnei raraunga, na ki te hanga e kore he uaua te tātaitanga. Here te pehea, ki te whakaiti i te ngaohiko ki te 12 volts te whakamahi i te hiko. Otiia e kore e katoa te i: taputapu powered e nāianei tika, me te putanga o te tuarua awhiowhio te - tauutuutu. Me te reira ki te hanga atu i te torutoru huringa.

Supply poraka iahiko: he rectifier me te tātari

Next he tahuri AC ki DC. Hoki tenei whakaaro, te p Semiconductor whakaminenga ranei. Ko te momo māmā o te rectifier ko te ngōhiko kotahi. karangatia e ia te hawhe-poipoi. Otiia i riro te tohatoha mōrahi i te ara iahiko piriti, e taea e kore anake ki te tika tauutuutu nāianei, engari ano ki te pehea e o te pōkare mōrahi. Ko te mea tonu i oti he taua ara iahiko pūtahuri, rite te wāhanga tāupe o tetahi ngōhiko Semiconductor kore e te pehea o. He hiko taahiraa-iho ngaohiko 220 taea tahuri te ngaohiko AC ki te auau taua, engari ki te uara iti iho.

E whakamahia pūnga iahiko -hiko i roto i kai mana rite whiriwhiringa. E ai ki te ture tauwehe o Kirchhoff, he pūnga taua i roto i te ara iahiko AC ko te kaiwhakahaere, me te ka mahi i te taimau - te whakamutu. Na reira, ka rere i te wae tamau noa, a ka te tāupe e tutakina i runga ano, na reira, e kore e haere ki runga ki tenei tātari. Tapatahi, me te tika - ko te mea faaite enei whiriwhiringa tenei. Hoki, ka taea te whakamahi i te resistance me te hiko mō te whakaene pulsations. E whakamahia waihanga rite noa i roto i generators automotive.

ture ngaohiko

Kua ako koe e founga ki te whakaiti i te ngaohiko ki te taumata e hiahiatia ana. Na me te reira ki te kia ähuareka. Hoki tenei whakaaro, whakaaro motuhake - te p zener, e hanga nei e o silicon. E tāuta ratou i roto i te supply putanga mana DC. Ko te parau tumu o te mahi ko te e taea ki te tīpoka i te tetahi ngaohiko te Semiconductor ko, kua tahuri te tuwhene ki wera me te hoatu e te whakamahana ki te kōhauhau. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ki te te supply putanga mana o te 15 volts, me te stabilizer i te 12, ka mahue ia i te reira rite nui rite e hiahia ana koe. Ka haere te rerekētanga i roto i te-mema 3 ki te wera (he tika ture pūngao tiaki).

mutunga

He hoahoa tino rerekē - regulator te taahiraa-iho ngaohiko, hanga ana e ia he torutoru huringa. Tuatahi, kua tahuri te ngaohiko raina ki DC ki te auau tiketike (ki runga, ki te 50 000 Hz). Kei te ähuareka te reira, ka tukua ki te hiko he pini ma. Atu i reira he he kōaro whakaahua ke ki te ngaohiko whakahaere (AC ranei iti whai). Na roto i te whakamahi o whakakā hiko (thyristor), kua tahuri te ngaohiko DC ki AC ki te auautanga e hiahiatia ana (i roto i whatunga o to tatou whenua - 50 Hz).