Pūāhua Arabic me ratou tikanga

Arab (Alifbo i Arabic) orokati (e te, kei te tuhituhi i te orokati anake) reta tuhituhi, whakamahia hoki te reo Arabic me etahi ētahi atu, ko tetahi o te pūnaha tuhituhi tino matatini i te kau. hōtuhi Arabic Modern - maha-pere tītohunga. Heoi, kei te kaha ngā nga pūāhua Arabic i te rohe o te kōrero, te wahi i reira ko te tahi atu reo mōhiohio.

Ko te ngako o te hōtuhi Arabic

āhuatanga āhuatanga o te hōtuhi Arabic:

1. aronga Mauī - he reta tuku iho haere i matau ki te mahue.
2. He rota o Haurunga me ngā Hauraro ngā - ngā tohu whakahua, i hanga nei e ia ite pukapuka painga wehea, me ki te hanga i pūāhua hou.
3. momo Itari o tuhituhi, te kore o "kai", me pūmatua. Na opa (hononga) tuhituhi Arabic kore he ōrite: e piri etahi pūāhua Arabic ki te toenga rānei anake i te taha i mahue ki matau ranei anake.
4. Allographs - huringa o reta. Tei te reira i runga i to ratou tūranga i roto i te kupu - i roto i te mutunga, te waenganui, te timatanga ranei wehe.

ngā Modern tātai Arabic o rua tekau-waru orokati me reta āhua-oro, me te tohu whakahua rite te haurunga ranei ira hauraro, porowhita, e hopu tāmau i roto i te pūnaha pūrārangi i muri i tahuri ki a Ihirama ranei ki te ite i te tahi mau o nga orokati me ngā oro, ki te tohu ranei oropuare ki te tirohanga atu tuku tika o te kuputuhi o te Koran tapu.

History o te hōtuhi Arabic.

I roto i te pūtaiao, te whakapono ai e reira i Arabic tuhituhi i runga i te pūtake o Nabataean tātai reta (wha rau BC -.. Ko te AD rau tau tuatahi), Otiia kahore e te whakakahore i te pūkete, me te whakarerenga iho i tahito ra o te pukapuka Hiriani, me te te ofi stylistic o nga pukapuka o te tapu pukapuka "Avesta".

Ko te kupu, whakatika arabitsa i mua i te taeraa mai o te karakia ao rite Ihirama. I roto i te Soviet Union rāhuitia he hōtuhi e hāngai ana i runga i hōtuhi Arabic i roto i 1928 i ture o te Komiti Executive Central me o te CPC, me nga kaituhi o te arabitsy hou repressed. He meka ngā ko e, e wahi anake Tatar SSR, te whakakapinga o te hōtuhi Arabic (Alifbo) reta Latin (Yanalif) kihai i meinga nui resistance. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, e pā ana ki whitu ōrau o te taupori ao whakamahi pūāhua Arabic.

reo Arabic: tona hiranga ao

Arabic (Arabic putanga اللغة العربية, lau rite "al-luġa al-'arabiya") ko te reo o te peka Semitic o te whānau te reo Afro-Asiatic. Ko te maha o ngā kaikōrero o te reo i homai me ona reo ko āhua a tawhio noa e toru rau miriona (rite te reo tuatahi), ka whakamahi noa etahi rima tekau miriona iwi Arabic rite te reo tuarua mō te kōrero. Puāwaitanga Arabic - te reo o te Quran Tapu - e tonu whakamahia i roto i whakawhetai, me te inoi fakalotu kau muimui o Ihirama huri noa te ao (te tapeke maha o Mahometa tawhio hawhe te piriona). Mai nga wa onamata tu reira te-iwi nui faataa mai me te momo.

Reo o te reo Arabic

Kei te wehea Modern reo Arabic kīwaha ki rima subgroups, i roto i te ngako, he reo motuhake i te wāhi Philological o view:

• rerekē reo Maghreb.
• reo Sudanese-Ihipiana.
• reo Iraqi-Mesopotamian.
• reo Group Arapi.
• whakawera Central rōpū reo Āhia.

no reo Maghreb ki te rōpū hauauru, te tahi atu - ki te rōpū rawhiti o reo o te reo Arabic. He tūmatanui i roto i te rua tekau-rua whenua Eastern, i hoatu ai i te mana o te mōhiohio me te whakamahia i roto i ngā pokapū whakahaere me marae reo Arabic.

Quran rite te arabitsy pūtake

hanga i roto i te ngā pakiwaitara Arab Allah Kaha Rawa i te pukapuka, ka hoatu ratou ki Arama, na roto i te huna i te anahera. Kei te te tahi mau taime Kaihanga Arabic tuhituhi whakaaro e kore e taea ki te pānui me te tuhituhi i te peropheta Muhammad tona kaiāwhina whaiaro ranei.

E ai ki te whakarerenga iho reo Arabic, i roto i te meka te puka reta Arabic i Hira, te pa matua Dahmidskogo kāwanatanga, ka e tau atu whakawhanakehia i roto i te waenganui o te whitu o nga rau, ka te tuhi tuatahi o te Quran (651).

Qur'an (i te Arabic whakamāoritanga rite قرآن - tai'o) e taea hoki e whakaputaina i raro i te taitara te pukapuka tapu kupu atawhai ranei. Ehara i te mea kotahi rau me te tekau ma wha e pā ana i roto i te tikanga o vahe (mauo i Arabic). Sura, i roto i te tahuri, e tito o ayahs (irava), ka whakaritea i roto i te heke te raupapa o te maha o te mau irava.

I roto i te 631 AD I whakaturia te reira e te kāwanatanga hōia-karakia Arab Caliphate, a ka riro tuhituhi Arabic faufaa ao, me i te kau ngoi ana te reira i te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti. Capital o nga tohunga reo Arab ko Iraq (Basra ko kufa).

I roto i te whitu o Basra noho rautau Abul-Asuad al-duals whakaurua ki pūāhua Arab pūāhua atu ki te tuhituhi i te oropuare poto. I āhua i te wā wa taua Nasr Ibn Asym me Yahya ibn Yamara whakaaro he pūnaha o tohu whakahua ki te wehewehe i te tau rite ki te grapheme reta.

I roto i te waru o nga rau, ake he noho o te pa o Basra al-Khalil ibn Ahmad tuhi oropuare poto. Kua tae tona pūnaha te hakari, me te te te nuinga whakamahia i roto i te tuhituhi o nga tuhinga Koran, lyrical me ngā tuhinga mātauranga.

pūāhua Arabic me to ratou auraa

Ko nga kupu e whai ake nei ko nga tauira tino nui arabitsy:

• الحب - te aroha;
• راحة - whakamarie;
• السعادة - oaoa;
• الازدهار - oranga;
• فرح - koa (huru pai);
• الأسرة - te utuafare.

pūāhua Arab ki translation ki Russian he ngāwari ki te kitea i roto i te papakupu ngaio mātauranga. I roto i te Arabic, he rota o te ringaringa taketake (i te reo Arabic خط hatṭ «Raina"), fakaehaua o nei he:

• Nash (نسخ «ake") ko te tuhituhi Arabic matarohia ka whakamahia i roto i te typesetting;
• nasta'liq ngā whakaaro i roto i Iran, te wahi i reira he Shiite Ihirama;
• Maghribi (whenua pērā i Morocco, Algeria, Ripia, Tunisia);
• Kufi (Arabic كوفي, i runga i ngā ingoa pa geogr kufa ..) - Scientists whakapono tona ringaringa tawhito, he ataahua, me te parakore tona āhuatanga.

pūāhua Arabic ki te whakawhiti

A feruri te tahi mau hi'oraa o kupu Arabic. Kei te hoatu tonu pūāhua Arabic me ratou tikanga i roto i Russian ki te mahi rite te whakahua.

Variety o ringaringa Arabic

Hoki tenetere maha ki mana'o tawhito o te reta tuhituhi Arab-aronga whakaraina ake i roto i te aho, i runga i rua o nei e wahi tuhituhia wāhi tuwhena. Kei te whakapono te reira e te awe te hōtuhi Arabic te putanga o ngā pūnaha hou o te tuhituhi takinga me waehere.

He rota o te ringaringa o te reo Arabic kia whakamārama ona peculiarities motuhake, me te mita kanorau. kitea te paenga o te Maghreb tuhituhi etahi pūtaiao mana Berber-Rīpia i roto i te hauroki "nasta'liq" - he tukufakaholo o te hōtuhi Avesta.

Tino korerotia whakahuahua tapawha o te hōtuhi Arabic whiwhi te nuinga i roto i Central Asia, te wahi e kua mohio ai ki te ringaringa Chinese shanfan tapawha-dachzhuan, me te te tuhituhi pakba pūnaha Tibet. te awe tokomaha pūnaha tuhituhi te pūāhua Arab. Ka taea te kitea arabitsy Photo i roto i te tuhinga, me te i roto i te tuhinga.