Pūhohe - he aha te mea tenei? hītori Poto me ngā āhuatanga o te tūmomo

Pūhohe - he hua e fakatahai pakiwaitara, nūpepa, me te pūhohe. Mai i iti tuhipoka i roto i te niupepa , kua tupu ratou ki te momo motuhake. Kia pehea te i tupu tenei? He aha ngā āhuatanga tohu pūhohe? Ko tenei he aha ta tatou e kōrero.

Ko te putanga o te ariā o

Ko te ariā o "lampoon" ahu i roto i France i roto i te rau tau XIX, a no ki te nūpepa. Ki te iritihia te reira French te rite "te rārangi", ko reira ki te whārangi, me te timata i te hītori o te wā. I roto i te 1800 ka anga te niupepa raro i te taitara "Journal de Deba» (Journal des débats) ki kīnaki i te putanga paerewa o fakahū iti, i huaina i muri pūhohe.

Ko te kaupapa matua ko te kaupapa o te niupepa. whakatuwheratia te reira i te timatanga o te French Revolution, a whakaputaina ngā pūrongo kāwanatanga, whakataunga, whakahau, whakapuakanga o kawana, me ētahi atu rongo i roto i tenei ara. fakahū atu, i runga i te anga ke, he tōrangapū parakore. pania ratou te kāhua ora a kakahu te reo ōpaki.

pūhohe Newspaper - ko reira he ara ki te whakangahau i te minenga, a i te wa ano te utu whakarongo ki tona whakaputanga. I fakahū ki te waiho pānuitanga, kupu ngaro, rotarota, arotake pukapuka, me te whare tapere, whakatautau, panga me ngaro.

whanaketanga o te momo

Ahakoa te meka e te wā "lampoon" puta i muri i te French Revolution, kua whakapono ai e te momo iho whanau i te rau tau mua. Ko tōna kaiwhakatū He fakasiisiii Didro ko Voltaire - nga kaituhi o mahi Sapphire tino o te karakia me te tōrangapū.

Pūhohe i roto i ngā nūpepa French hohoro oho ki te reo rite. Puta rite whakatautau me arotake, ratou hohoro tipu ki te momo tuhituhi, me te kairīpoata motuhake, tōna ngana ki Voltaire ko Diderot.

Tuatahi, i roto i te niupepa i tīmata fakahū ki puta tuhaa o mahi tuhituhi, pērā i "Te Musketeers toru" e Alexandre Dumas. Mai i tenei mea putake he momo hou - te pūrākau-feuilleton. no ia ki te pakiwaitara a ka arahina e te kaipānui whānui, kahore he he rerehua motuhake, me te toi.

I te wa ano, whai wāhi kaitito me kaituhi Pākehā ki te hanganga o te lampoon tōrangapū. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e kanapa korokë me tae noa pūhohe i runga i tōrangapū me ngā take pāpori. whakakaha Tūmomo tika Viktoru Roshforu-Lucey, Genrihu Geyne, Georg Weert, Ludwig whanau me te t. D.

Skit - he aha te mea te reira? Āhuatanga o te momo

Na pā reira ki nga mahi iti me te taea te māngai pūrākau, tuhinga roa, irava kōrero ranei. Skit - he momo i runga i te rohe i waenganui i tuhinga me te nūpepa. Ki te tona mahi toi fakatahai puka whakaaturanga me ngā tūāhua, i te koinga o te ihirangi pā ki nūpepa.

Hoki taua mahi āhuatanga e pau i roto i te whakapakoko, me ngā meka, fakaanga, korokë. Ka rite ki nga kaupapa matua ko te take mura o te hapori me te tōrangapū. Feuilletons - mahi reira e maka atu hē tangata, pērā i te minuteness, ranei avidity, hei tauira, tito noa.

Lampoon ētahi wā e pā ana ki momo kōmeke. Heoi, e kore e whai te reira ki te meinga te kata. Ko tōna whakaaro matua ko te ki te whakaatu i te āhuatanga ngā i roto i manuki, he harakore te mo reira me, pea, ki te hanga i te kaipānui whakaaro.

Pūhohe i roto i Russia

Neke atu i te wa, me te i roto i te Russia reira ahiri pūhohe - reira ko te iti-te taumata mahi. I roto i te timatanga, i mohio a ratou ki te kino, whakaritea ki nga tabloids me cheap tānga kounga rawakore. E te 20 tau th o te rau tau XIX te huru ki a ratou ka anga ki te huri i. Na, i reira nga pūhohe Baron Brambeus ki tauākī tino e pā ana ki te tuhinga kāre me ino.

Nui atu ngā kōrero Sharp Alexander Pushkin, Dob, Bestuzhev, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Pan, Nekrasov. Tūmomo āta riro rongonui. i whakanohoia pūhohe i roto i te "Crocodile" moheni "Purangi", "Alarm". Ngā Māoritanga me te koinga kua whiwhi ratou i roto i te revolution.

I te timatanga o te rau tau XX ki tenei momo mahi Doroshevich, Yablonovsky. Boris Yegorov ko Haimona Narinyani noa tukua he putanga pukapuka motuhake. I roto i "Satyricon New" whakaputaina Mayakovsky ana himene tuhinga ( "taea Anthem", "National Anthem pūtaiao et al.).