Rocket "yars": ngā whakaritenga hangarau me ngā whakaahua. pere ballistic Intercontinental

Engari kia uiui a te RS-24 "yars" - Russian wahie totoka fakavaha'akonitinēnití te Hiro pere ballistic me noho pūkoro, rite rawa wehe te wahi ārahi?

Kua whakawhanakehia te reira i te Institute o Engineering Thermal Moscow i raro i te mana o Yu S. Horomona (academician). Ko te tikanga tākirirangi "yars" Ko te putanga whakahoutia o te pere "Topol-M". whakaahuatanga Tactical me hangarau e kore te o te hanga whäkina. I roto i te heke mai, kua whakaritea ai e kia whakakapi i te reira i te RS-20 me RS-18 ICBMs me, i honoa e ki te "Topol-M" i hanga te pūtake o te ropu Rautaki pere Forces.

kōrero

I mohio koe e te ballistic pere "yars" kua he hītori rawa ngā? Ka ako matou i te reira i teie nei.

I roto i te 2007, i runga i Mei 29 i te pae "Plesetsk" tukua te whakarewatanga whakamātautau tuatahi o enei patu. angitu i patua ratou i te ūnga i te pae "Kura".

A i runga i Hakihea 25 puritia te whānuitanga taua tuarua te whakamātautau te RS-24.

Ko te toru o whakarewanga āta tākirirangi ki te ara taua rite te hunga o mua, i hanga i roto i te 2008 i runga i 26 Noema.

I runga i te wā o te mutunga o te pā hei whakamatau mo RS-24 pere fakavaha'akonitinēnití "yars" korerotia mōhiohio rawa rerekē ki te mea i tuhituhia ki roto i te niupepa e pā ana ki to ratou otinga i roto i te 2010, ko te kaihoahoa ārahi o te tāutanga kī ia e kua mutu te whakamātautau i roto i te marama whakamutunga o 2009. Mahalo ko e tika ana ki te ngā taurite o te hōtaka whakamātautau kāwanatanga whakamutunga tūturu me kati mo te ako o tāutuhia i roto i te kitenga whakamātautau tenei.

deploying

Rocket "yars" i tū RVSN (Forces Rocket rautaki), te matatini hōia-ahumahi Russian i roto i 2009. Ko te hokowhitu tuatahi o te pūnaha pūkoro pere hōia rawa ki te matenga wahi te wehewehe. Ko te take i kua mana whakapumautia te whakahaere o te tātaitanga tuatahi o nga RS-24 i roto i te Hōngongoi 2010, V. A. Popovkinym - Minita Tuarua o Defence.

Ko te matua tuarua ki te Pūwhakarewa tākirirangi i Hakihea 2010, tīmata ki te mau ohipa whawhai whakamātau i roto i te Ivanovo rohe (Teykovsky pere wehenga). Ko te kupu, fakavaha'akonitinēnití ballistic pere "yars" i patu ki te hoia tuatahi, e tango i runga i te tiaki i roto i 2011, i runga i Maehe 4, arā, o rua matua o nga RS-24, e mau ana i runga i ohipa mai 2010.

Ko reira ngā e te ope pere tuatahi, PGRK patu "yars" i roto i te kōwae pere Teykovsky i te oti tino te raumati o 2011 (e toru wehenga, e iwa AAP). I roto i te 2011, i runga i Hakihea 7 i roto i te hokowhitu taua anga ki te kawe ohipa whawhai whakamātautau he ope tuarua, i ngā o tetahi ope taua pere me nga hoia pou whakahau pūkoro (äta).

Pirikeeti Tuarua o te hoia taua timata mahi i roto i te Hakihea 2011. Ka rite ki te hua, e 2012 tae te katoa maha o tāuta MS-24 15 APU ki tākirirangi. E Mahuru 2012 te kōwae patu ki pūkoro "Yarsami". Ko te katoa maha o AAP RS-24 "Yars" Ko inaianei rite ki te 18 (e ono wehewehenga me rua papa).

I te mutunga o 2012 ka puta te pere "yars" i roto i Kozelsk, a Novosibirsk pere pūhui (Kaluga rohe, toku putanga o te matatini). I te 2013, i tino anō-rawa reira Tuhinga pere o te Tagil. ka hoki Irkutsk pere wehenga te patu hou.

Intercontinental pere "yars" i whakarewahia i te po i te cosmodrome "Plesetsk" i roto i te 2013 i te 24 ki te 25 Hakihea. haere pai Testing. Battle o te tītere patua ngā taumata i runga i te Kamchatka Peninsula.

E te ara, i roto i te nui o 33 nga wahi o te tākirirangi "yars", me wha warheads ia, ko ia i roto i te ringa o te Rautaki pere Forces i te timatanga o 2014.

I tua atu, i roto i te 2014, 14 April, i 10:40 GMT ki pūrere triggering maneuverable kei e te i te cosmodrome "Plesetsk", i mahia te whakarewatanga "yars" pere rawa ki te wehe wāhanga upoko. kawea te pakanga i roto i ki te whakamatautau i te patu hangaia i roto i Votkinsk (mana, me te raupapa whakamātautau). Notemea puna e pā ana korero kua whakatinana tino e mahi kaupapa.

I Hakihea 26 i 11:02 GMT ki te "Plesetsk" pere whenua e hāngai ana-okeoke i tīmata ai. Training tītere taea patua ngā taumata i runga i te pae Kamchatka "Kura".

Āhuatanga "yars"

Na ano, he aha te "yars" (tākirirangi)? He rawa ngā ona āhuatanga. Tenei tītere Ko te toru-wā totoka ICBM wahie rere ngāwari. I hanga te reira i runga i te tahuri o te rau tau i roto i te mahi tahi kamupene Russian.

RS-24 "yars" E kore e te tākirirangi titiro rite tona tupuna hāngai - pere "Topol-M" RS-12M1 / RS-12M2, i te mea o te putanga hohonu o te RS-12m "Topol": te mea he pūnaha whakahaere hou, me te wahi upoko.

pere ballistic "Yars» āhuatanga Blunt wahi ārahi (MS) me interferences poraka whaiaro (MIRV). He "Topol-M" rite rawa monobloc MS (pōhēhē a whakamatauria me hāngū MS). Pea e 2020 te taupiri RS-12m - RS-24 ICBM hei te kāwai kotahi o te marama i roto i te putanga pahoho me hāngai pūkoro-. Ko tenei kōwhiringa mō ngā take o te tikanga ōhanga te whakatikaia.

Ko te tekau tau whakamutunga o te rau tau whakamutunga

I roto i te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i te 80-90s rautaki pere ICBM patu ki rima ngā momo o te piha haapiiraa marama, me o ratou putanga. Ko ētahi o ēnei totoka-wahie, me missiles wai-wahie.

Me kï reira e te utu whakahaere e nui raro wae paerewa o te tohu kotahi mo te huinga o ngā tauira o ICBMs marama-piha. Otiia i roto i te tahi mau tuhaa pai ki te miramira o te muri "yars".

Hei tauira, wai SS-18B rite whakaritea ki te PC 24 te maua e MIRV atu faahiahia. Kei te whakapai ake i tona taputapu whawhai, me te inaianei. whakaaro te kaupapa motuhake te ki kia he te toitü ICBM, ki whenua e homai ara ki te iti rawa tereina.

Whakaaro i te meka i runga, me te te hiahia ki te mau tonu örite whakaturia warheads me ratou kawe (rite ki nga kirimana o patu ino rautaki), mai 2009, he tīmata i runga i te whanaketanga o taimaha te kāwai ICBM wai kāinga hei utu o nga RS-20e ( "Voivod") mahi. I roto i te whānui, hoki Russia tonu reira he pātai tuwhera e pā ana ki te hokinga mai o nga rahui, me te kōwhiringa o ICBM RS-22V.

Ko reira ngā e te tohu ICBM hua piri hono tōrangapū - te "iwi" o patu rautaki, i tīmataria mehua ki te tiaki ki te whawhai karihi - pere korero (BMD). I roto i te US i 2002, poroa te kirimana i whakaiti o ngā pūnaha korero pere i 1972. hanga ana tēnei whenua he pūnaha pere korero whaihua hou, tae atu ki ona wāhanga i roto i Europe. whakatinana te pūnaha e i roto i te 1991. Creation o korero pere motu Amerika o ture ōkawa i roto i 1999 whakahaere te whakamātautau tuatahi o ona āhuatanga.

"Yars"

Tonu atu whakamārama he aha te tikanga "Yars" (tākirirangi). ona āhuatanga tika o te aro. hanga te whakatamarikitanga o te tītere i roto i te hanga-ake o whakaurunga ārai pere i taea e Amerika, rite te takanga o te tau 2009. Ko te wā o te tika o te kawenata Timata-1, i whakaaetia te whanaketanga o ICBMs ki tetahi-wahi ārahi i te wahi.

A he aha e rua o te whakautu Russian hangarite ki te kaupapa US i pere korero? Rocket "yars" ko rawa whai hua airspeed. I tua atu, patua ana e ia he pūmautanga nui i roto i te irava i roto i te tikanga te fafau i te pūnaha korero pere US. A tonu i runga e kore reira e whakaawe i te āhuatanga e pā pakū karihi (PFYAV).

He maha ngā tohunga tautohe e te pere "yars-M" He āhuatanga faahiahia. Ko te kupu, ko te rohe kaha o te trajectory o patu iti. huinga tere rangitahi kau whakarato he ranunga tiaki pai ake o motors wahie tākirirangi toko totoka (SRM). Anga i te tīmatanga o te hōtaka e taea te mahi i te nekeneke. He mea tika ki te tomo i te whawhai pere kapua pahūtanga karihi.

Te mea faahiahia, te "yars", i roto i te rerekē ki te mua RS-12m whakamahia te e kore e tauhohe ki te pūnaha arata'iraa ngātere hiko kaha. I roto i te whānui, i te counter complexes hōu (PCB) BMD tino whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hopu o te tari ārahi.

Me kï reira e kore e taea te kitea nga whāinga o hornblende-PCB i te wae hōia i roto i te rohe o te vibrosoundtouch hiko. Mā te enei tawhā taea patu tata nga e tīpakotia i runga i te exoatmospheric pūtake, me popoki te rohe rangitahi waho te wā heke ara peka o te kaupapa o te wahi ārahi.

Here whakamahia hoki te wa tuatahi ngā whāinga rūpahu ki taumira superhigh me te kaha ki te tau'a ore hihiani. tikanga TKT distorting nga tawhā o te rohe matua, hanga o te hihiani te ngongo anga, generators pokanoa hihiri, aerosols, e he puna o radiation pōkākā, me pera i runga i.

Whakaahuatanga o ngā mahi

Well, pea, i whakaae maha kaipānui e te pere "yars-M" He āhuatanga nui? Ka haere tonu matou i te ako hohonu o tenei hoahoa whakamiharo! Kei te mohiotia te reira e te kaupapa tahora o tenei patu, rite whakaritea ki nga RS-12m kore te ke. Ko tōna rite rawa ki te totoka propellant Fakatolonga momo tinana tselnomotannym "raukatauri", hanga o ngā rauemi hiato.

tere tākirirangi "yars" tino mīharo. Roto i te rerekē ki tona tupuna 'Topol' i roto i te wā tuatahi o te taupiri kore e rite rawa ki te stabilizer aerodynamic mea ripekapeka, me te urungi. whakahaere te whati i roto i te wāhanga hohe tahuri pupuha paku arapaki hangaia i runga i te pūtake o te kopi rapa, e faatioi te pere aki o te pūkaha (i ngā taumata katoa).

Russian tākirirangi "Yars" rite rawa ki ngā waeine pupuha, e hanga nei e o rauemi waro-waro. E hāngai ana te fakahū pupuha o enei patu e runga e toru-ahu hāngai kopu waro-waro whakapakaritia.

rite rawa te pere kei te ki te pūnaha mana inertial. Kua pai ake te rōpū matatini o ngā pūrere nui-tere Hydrostabilized pūhara (GSP) tawhā tika. Ko te rorohiko mamati hōu taupae matatini (ODCC) he nui haere kaha me te ātete ki PFYAV.

E te ara, whakarite fakavaha'akonitinēnití pere ballistic RS-24 "yars" kiteatanga e te whakatinanatanga o te kōwae mana rapunga Azimuth motuhake, kei runga i te GSP. whakamana ana tēnei mahi e te whenua pūrere whakahau matatini, kei nei i runga i te canisters whakarewanga tikanga mō te transportation (TPK).

piriponotanga Rocket "Yars-M" Kei roto i te rite ki Momo, auau tono whai hua o te rauemi fissile. Mua te wehenga ārahi ko te tuatahi i roto i te mahi Russian o patu, tāutatia nei i runga i te MBR kahore whakamātautau o nga wahi me ngā wāhanga i roto i pahūtanga karihi.

Na roto i te faaauraa ki te whakamahi o RS-24 pere RS-12m, RS-12M1 (2) mo te pūkoro me hoki puta pahoho tikanga e hāngai ana te whakamahi i TPK. Tīmata i roto i enei take e rua ko te kumete: he puehu generators pēhanga tukanga whakahaeretia (PAD).

Me kï reira e, e tika ana ki te rerekē ngā āhuatanga whakahaere tākirirangi pahoho me putanga pūkoro, me te te putanga o ngā ture o te tiaki ki PFYAV, i taka ao missiles whakakotahitanga me TPK ki te whakatutuki i. ka mau te reira i te hanganga kanorau rauemi e hiahiatia ana ki te pei i te tiaki o te WPK me te ipu. Hei tauira, mō te putanga take o te pere i whakarewanga whakamahia moenga tiaki SPRM atamira tuatahi o te amplification o te pēhanga hau. E kore te paepae i hiahiatia mo te putanga pūkoro, no te mea ko nui raro te pēhanga. Nā ki te peculiarities o te aku, me te taimaha whāititanga mō te putanga e hāngai ana pere-whakamahia he momo o hanganga rauemi TPK.

E whakaatu ana te ripanga e whai ake nei i te tawhā tino nui.

	MS-12M1 (2)	RS-24
Tau o kaupae	3	3
tawhiti mōrahi o rere, km	10500
Ko te mōrahi tīmata taimaha, t	47,1
wae tiaki mana Active mm	0.55	0.15, 0.3
Ko te papatipu o te wahi ārahi, e ko,	1.2	1.2-1.3
Dimensions, m
roa	22.7
Ko te diameter o te apa koture tuatahi, m	1.86	1.86
Ko te diameter o te apa koture tuarua, m	1.61
Ko te diameter o te toru o apa koture, m	1.58	1.58
CWE, m	200-350

Ka taea e "Yars" te pere whakamanamana te raihana taketake wā o te rokiroki, i ko rima tau.

whakamātautau

puta ngā koe i roto i te mea i te "yars" - he tākirirangi? kawea tana whakamātautau i roto i roto i 2014 i runga i Hakihea 26 i te cosmodrome "Plesetsk" i 11:00 GMT. whakarewatanga angitu kōrero Kānara Egorov Ikoa, te Tari o te Komihana o te mahi press o te Defence Tāhuhu runga i te ope pere.

ka mea ia e te pere "yars-24" i taea ki te mahi i nga mahi katoa, "wae mahi ako hit ngā whāinga i runga i te pae Kamchatka" Kura "ki te tika i homai."

kï Egorov e ko whakamātautau pau ki te whakaū i te kaha hangarau o nga utu hanga i roto i te 2013-2014, me te whakahaere, me te whawhai tawhā o te matatini.

IDB

He aha te mea te MBR? Tenei missiles ballistic "whenua-whenua" fakavaha'akonitinēnití, e taea hinga i te km 5500. Kei te nuinga o rite rawa utu o tenei ahua ki whawhai wahi karihi. E whakamahia ratou mo te whakangaromanga o te hoariri ngā rautaki nui whakanohoia ki runga ki fenua tawhiti.

popularization

Tuatahi i runga i te ao pere ballistic i pai whakamatauria R-7 i roto i te Soviet Union 21 August 1957. Faaohipa i whāngai i te reira i roto i te tau 1960. American ICBM SM-65 Atlas pai haere whakamātautau i roto i te tau 1958. puta ia i roto i te ope i te 1959 (i te tau mua atu i te P-70). I teie mahana, ICBM ope patu Russia, UK, USA, China ko France.

Iharaira i runga i te take o ona puritia o tenei momo o te tiaki whai te kaupapa here taua rite i roto i te take o te kainga o patu karihi - e kore whakakahore ranei fakapapau'i tona aroaro i runga i tona rohe. I roto i te meka, te tango i tenei ahua te painga rua o te āhuatanga: te tairururaa ao mo te mana o te tohatoha hangarau pere e kore e uru, engari e pupuri ana te mānukanuka tata whenua ki te faatura ki ratou ake taea tūturu.

Kei te whanake ratou ake ICBMs Te Tai Tokerau Korea, India ko Pakistan.

Āwherika ki te Tonga, e hiahia ana ki te tu i te kimi huarahi Soviet ka hanga nga whenua Western i roto i te 1980 te IDB RSA-3 (tautokona e Iharaira), engari i muri i te parariraa o te tikanga kaikiri e kore i riro ai i runga i te poari.

Ngā kaupapa whakahaere o te Ao Tuarua

Te mea faahiahia, ki te tuatahi timata mahi i runga i te hanga o te ICBM Nasí Germany. Wernher von Braun i te raumati o te tau 1942 ka arahina te whakarewatanga o te kaupapa "Amerika", whakawhetai ki nei me a A9 / A10 te pere ki te kia hanga. Kua whakawhanakehia tohunga he tiaki e rua-atamira mō te wahie wai taimaha i te rau taranata, taea ki te hanga i te rere ki te tawhiti o 5,000 km.

Kei te mohiotia te reira e te whakarōpū o te A9 / A10 nāianei pā ōkawa ki te utu tawhiti toharite. Otiia i whakawhanakehia ai hei warhead fakavaha'akonitinēnití ahei o te patu i te US o Te Tai Rāwhiti. Tū te A9 / A10, Heoi kihai i he pere ballistic,, rite i rite rawa ai ki te atamira ipu runga, de märena puta rite te patu paorangi whai parirau.

puta te arata'iraa o te tiaki i te timatanga me te tātari waenganui mā ramaroa. i tonoa ratou i roto i mua ki te ūnga me te pairati whakahohe i te wa e tika, i roto i te whakamutunga. Ko te tangata e mahi ana i te taua misioni nui, tata i mua i te whāinga o te mahue i te fare iti i runga i te hekerangi, ka noho iho i runga i te mata o te Atlantic Ocean i muri i te wāhi i hanga rere suborbital.

pūrongo ētahi puna e te whakamātautau i roto i te anga o te hanganga o te A9 / A10 i puritia i runga i te 8 me te 24 Kohitātea 1945, engari i roto i te whawhai e kore te mea e tika ana ki te whakamahi i.

Ētahi atu puna mea e kore te hōtaka o te mahi i mua atu huahua (atu plausibly). E te ara, hoohonutanga nga Tiamana te intricacy o te rere tere i te tere paorangi, pea he aha e kore i taea e te pūnaha A9 / A10 mahi.

I muri i te hinga o Germany, Amerika me te Soviet Union me tona rohe tangohia ki tona nui nui o te tuhinga, tohunga me te turanga rauemi mō te rangahau tākirirangi.

engines

Na tango he momeniti ki engines. I whakahaeretia te putanga tuatahi o te MBR engines tākirirangi wai: i mua i tīmata i ratou ki te whakakī anō propellant o te wā wā rawa roa. Teuteu ki te tāuta i te rere ka mau ha ngaahi houa lahi, engari mahi te tiaki i roto i te mea o meneti. Hei whakamahi i te wāhanga cryogenic (R-7) whakarewa whakaaro matatini ko te tino cumbersome.

Kei te tino iti enei onäianei katoa te uara rautaki o tenei patu. whakamahia ICBM o teie mahana engines mahi ranei wahie totoka wai feedstock nui-kohua ranei ki ampulizirovannoy tauiraa.

Taua taonga patu wheketere i roto i te waka, me te whakarewatanga ipu, ka tukua ki te kiritaki. Ko te kupu, te tākirirangi i roto i te rokiroki, i roto i te ora o te rite ki te tīmata. utu wai ki te matatini whakarewatanga kua tukua ki te āhua nezapravlennom. patia ratou wahie i muri i TPK tāutanga ki tiaki i roto i Pu. Ka taea e patu i muri noho i roto i te kāwanatanga whawhai-rite mo nga tau maha. Te faaineineraa mo te rere e iti iho i te i te meneti torutoru, me te whakamana i mamao e taura me te reo irirangi takere i te pokapū whakahau mamao. Kei te hoki kawea te reira i roto i, me ngā pūnaha tākirirangi whakamātautau auau Pu ahau.

Ko reira ngā e te IDB nāianei, rite ki te tikanga, i kore rawa o akina te pere hoariri. Ka taea e ratou ngā anake o nukarau warheads, te tikanga araunga jammers hihiani, maimoa, me pera i runga i.