Transport Germany: Types me te whanaketanga

Ko te take matua i roto i te tupu tamau o Germany ko te whakakahanga me ao hou, o te hanga, e titau te introduction kore anake o hangarau hou me ngā whanaketanga pūtaiao, engari ano hoki te whanaketanga o te waka, me te hanganga e pā ana.

Ko te pūnaha ikiiki i Germany

Market me mākete whanaunga e feruri waho te mahi tahi o ngā me kiritaki o taonga me ngā ratonga. He mea paihere whanaketanga o te waka i roto i Tiamana ki te hua i roto i te tauine o te hokohoko kāinga, me te ke. Ko te wā ka ko he kikorangi puhoi o wai o te Rhine te ara hokohoko anake, i roto i te mua tawhiti. I teie mahana, te pūnaha ikiiki - he matatini matatini ā-ahumahi, tetahi o te ārahi i roto i te ao. 1 km ² o te kaute whenua German hoki e pā ana ki e rua kiromita o ngā rori me te kōrero. Ko te matua aratau o waka i roto i Germany:

• Railway.
• Car.
• Air.
• Water.

kia whakahua hoki tatou i te waka tino taiao me te puhoi - Arapaepoutū, e kaute hoki e pā ana ki 4% o te katoa rerekē haere utanga.

pereoo

whakatuwheratia te ratonga tereina auau tuatahi i roto i te hotoke Bavarian 1835. shuttled hanganga Locomotive i waenganui i Nuremberg ko Fürth rua he ra, tuku utanga me ngā pāhihi.

I teie mahana, te roa o rerewē (. 44 mano km) Germany ko te tuaono, ko i runga i te kukū - te wahi tuatahi i roto i te ao. Tata hawhe o ratou te uira. Ko te kawe utanga matua - rōpū DB (Deutsche Bundesbahn), mau mai i tahi ngā rārangi tereina nga whenua hauauru, me te rawhiti, ngā toru wehenga: Mobiliti, Veda pāhihi waka, Logistic (rere utanga me logistics) me Whatunga (nga tirotiro o te hōkai o ngā ratonga, me te hanganga). Ahakoa te whakapai ake o te kararehe okeoke me nga mau tautooraa o te Kawanatanga, te rōrahi o te utanga rerekē te āta iti.

arotahi waka Rail i roto i Germany te ake i runga i te hariata o pāhihi. Whakawhanake nui whakapuaki park (tio), he tere ararere nui haere (toharite - 240 km / h, te ara mōrahi Berlin - Hannover - ki runga ki te 450 km / h). Ko te tino nui te ekenga turanga: hoki te hariata tuatahi-te piha - 0,41 ūropi / km, ko te tuarua - 0.27.

I roto i te wāhi maunga o te whenua he rerewē mākini. Hoki te whakangahau o tūruhi noho e rave rahi ara ki nga engines locomotive me waka waina.

nekeneke waka

I te mutunga o te rau tau rua tekau, whakawhetai ki te whatunga ara, e ngā neke atu i 40 mano. Km o ara e hānga ana, me te tata 13 mano. Km o ara (ara maha-motokā ki te wehenga hanganga o te huarahi i te ritenga o te rere), waka ara i roto i Germany mo neke atu i te 60% o te utanga, me te 90% o te pāhihi waka o te whenua . E ai ki te Federal Vehicle Office, he tata ki te 60 miriona te tapeke o waka i roto i te whenua, ki te kiato o te 640 waka ia mano tangata.

Ahakoa maha nga pa nunui i tomo i te wāhi pokapū o te waka riria te, he tino hāngai raruraru waka. I tua atu ki ngā wāhi whakatapua hoki atekōkiri hauā o cars, i reira he wahi waka motuhake mō waka me ngā mema aia o te hawhe ataahua o te tangata.

Germany - te whenua Pākehā anake ki te kore o rohe tere ina taraiwa i runga i huarahi. I te tahi atu rori te tere mōrahi whakaaetia o 100 km / h, i roto i te whakataunga - 50 km / h.

waka rangi

Ka taea te whakaahuatia rererangi waka Tiamana poto te pepeha pānuitanga o te kawe rangi nui i runga i Lufthansa - he ara pai ki te rere!

Ko te ara te rangi o te utanga me pāhihi i mura i roto i 1909 e "airships Tiamana." Ko te mua tino rongonui "Graf Quaker" hanga 590 flights arumoni ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te ao, te wikitoria neke atu i te hawhe te miriona kiromita. whai wāhi whanaketanga o Air kāinga me te ao ki te maro "Junkers", ka anga production papatipu o te pāhihi rererangi i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rautau rua tekau.

I teie mahana, waka rangi i roto i Germany hono nga pokapū nui o te Republic ki ētahi atu whenua o te ao (ko te tino iti te wahi o rerenga kāinga). Ko te nui rawa o nga taunga rererangi ao 16, utanga rerekē ni'ai te wahi tuatahi i roto i Europe, e hāngai ana i roto i Frankfurt.

arawai

ara Shipping i roto i te whenua i te roa tapeke o e pā ana ki 7 mano. Km. Ko te rōrahi o te utanga kawea ki runga ki a ratou tae 260 miriona. Taranata ia tau. he toru anake o nga kaute mo te transportation kāinga. He ara nui waka ko te Rhine. waka kaipuke auau runga reira i whakapumautia kua i roto i te mutunga o te 90 o te rau tau whakamutunga. I tēnei wā, rere rā te Rhine ki oko 120. awa whakatere waka i ki te pūnaha kuwaha matatini hono reira ki te Tanupi, te Elbe, te Weser me te Rhône.

tauranga moana o Germany i te hea, ao rawa kino, me te nui tawhiti i te wāhi ahumahi matua. Na reira, whakahaere te hokohoko te ao matua te i roto i te whanga Tatimana i te mangai o te Rhine, te wahi o te rerekē haere hokohoko ke i roto i Germany nui atu i roto i nga tauranga katoa o te whenua.

Whakairinga tāone

waka Public i roto i Germany kua te tino whakawhanakehia me pai te hanganga i roto i te Pākehā Union. Kanohi e te wae e whai ake nei:

• Metro. Mahi i te reira i roto i te pa nui rawa 19. Ko te tino whānui, me te matamua whatunga, whakaturia i roto i te 1902, no ki te Berlin Metro (10 ngā rārangi, 173 teihana).
• tereina commuter Overground. Ahakoa hanga he whatunga ikiiki motuhake engari kei te tata hono nga tauira waka i roto i nga pa maha ki te "arā raro".
• Pahi me Ruxmaniben. Kei te tino pai te whakaritenga o ratonga pahi. taea tūnga takawaenga te kitea i runga i te pukapuka "H", matomato. E rite rawa te nuinga o nga tūnga ki mata kōrero e whakaatu te wa o te taenga mai o pahi. Ko te nuinga o whakawhanakehia i roto i te whenua Eastern me Bavaria Wilkes i. whakatakotoria wāhanga o te ara kei te raro.

Ka taea e te hunga i aroha whakamarie te tango painga o nga umanga taxi maha te utu i te motokā ranei.

He he he rerekē!

Faauruhia e te noho tata ana - te Danes me te Tatimana, he "revolution teka" kawea atu me nga Tiamana. Ko te tīmatanga i roto i te 2002 ko te pereo Mahere Development National. I roto i ngā tekau tau branched D-Netz Kua whakapumautia whatunga, e hāngai ana i runga i te 12 velodorog e hānga ana te roa tapeke o te 10.2 mano. Km. Pahikara i roto i Germany ka te tuhaa rite o hanganga te whenua o.

Tonu whakapai ake i muri i-hoko ratonga i runga i te pahikara trans-rohe, i hanga whakamarie pahikara haerenga, me ia tau kua te pai kua tipu tere i tenei momo o te tāpoi.

Mai 2008, te whanaketanga o ngā veloproektov pūtea e hānga ana tohaina ia tau kei te pā ana ki 3 miriona euros, a i roto i te puka o pānga - pānga pai i roto i te mara o te hauora tūmatanui, me te taiao, te haumaru huarahi.

He iti bit e pā ana ki waka hiko

Ko te āhuatanga āhuatanga o te whanaketanga o te waka i roto i Germany me te ahumahi rite te katoa - te whakaiti me te whakakorenga iku o fakafalala ōhanga te whenua o runga i kawemai pūngao. Ko te aha Germany ko te rangatira motuhake i roto i whenua Pākehā i roto i te whanaketanga o te waka electromobile. A, ki te i roto i 2011 ngā te kaipuke hiko o anake 2.3 mano. Cars, na, rite tonu ki nga mahere o te mana, i te 2020 ka tae ratou tokomaha kotahi miriona, a mo te tekau tau i muri, ka whakapiki ake i te taha ono wā.

tūmanakohia ana te whakatau te ki kia matatini: ka whakarara, me te hanganga e tika ana kia whakawhanakehia - te kōwhiringa o huarahi takitahi, ngā wāhi waka whakatapua, te hanga o te whatunga o teihana mō te recharging koutou pākahiko. He rangatira o waka hiko kua watea i te utu o ngā utu waka mo te 5 tau, me te i roto i te heke mai, ka whakapiki ake i tenei wā e 2 nga wa.

Te hapori pakihi i roto i Germany me te mahere kāwanatanga ki te whakarato mo te whakatinanatanga o enei mahere hao mō te 18 piriona euros.

Ko te ahunga matua o te whanaketanga

Ahumahi me te waka Tiamana tino whakamahia mo te ao hou, o ona hanganga me hangarau ki te whakatutuki i te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te hangarau.

Kei te whakanui ake kamupene Tiamana te rōrahi o te issuance paihikara hiko, e ko te pūkaha mamafá ke-wira ki te kaha o runga ki te 300 Watts. Makanga o te tuku tino whakanuia ana te tōtika o te actuator. Ka whakanui i te whakamahinga o ngā pākahiko NiMH te whānuitanga ina tauihi ana i waho recharging ake ki te 50 km.

Ko te whakapai ake o te whakakorekore waka nui-mutunga, hangaia hoki ara te ao. Rapu he i runga i hoki kē ki tereina ki te kaha tohaina, rite te tiaki oti o te hanganga motor-pereoo e pā te ki etahi fifi.

Ahakoa te kanorau, whīwhiwhi me te tukanga whakapaipai-kaha, takakawe te waka Tiamana ki te whakatau whakaritenga heke mai o te ahumahi me te hapori te whenua o, i roto i te hanganga ture ki te ture taiao katoa me ngā whakaritenga, e ra, i te ra e hoko inäianei.