Writer, herehere dissident Soviet tōrangapū Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich: Biography, ngā mahi, me ngā meka ngā

Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich - tetahi o te maha herehere tōrangapū i roto i te wā Soviet, e mate i te wā e tavini ra. Kua mahi tenei tangata nui ki whakakahoretia te whenua o te whakatoi tōrangapū. Hoki i utua e ia haere noa tuatahi, a ka ora Anatoliy Tihonovich Marchenko. Haurongo, tohu me ngā meka ngahau e pā ana ki te kaituhi - ka tenei katoa e kōrero i roto i te taipitopito i roto i te tuhinga.

Ko te mutunga tuatahi me te mawhiti

whanau Anatoly i roto i Siberia i te 1938. Tona papa, ko te kaimahi rerewē. puta te kaituhi heke mai i te kōeke 8, i muri i i mahi ai ia i roto i te ahumahi hinu, keri me te tūhura ngā haerenga. I roto i te tīmatanga o 1958, i muri i te whawhai papatipu i puta i roto i te whare kaimahi ', i hopukina ia. Marchenko Anatoly ia kihai i wāhi i roto i te whawhai, engari i whiua ia ki te rua tau i roto i te whare herehere. He tau i muri mai, i mawhiti Anatoliy Tihonovich i te whare herehere. Aita i maoro roa i muri i tona rere ki te koroni ka haere mai te rongo o tona tuku, me te te tango o te rekoata taihara. i hanga e te Presidium o te Hupirimi Soviet o te USSR te whakatau. I roto i te wā i 1959 ki te 1960, Anatoly Marchenko pohehe ana i waho pepa i roto i te whenua, te ihirangi ki mahi rerekē.

E ngana ana ki te waiho i te USSR, te hopu hou

tamata Marchenko ki mawhiti i te Soviet Union i te ngahuru o 1960, Heoi, i puritia e ia i te rohe. whiua te marae a ia ki te 6 tau i roto i te whare herehere mo te he i. A Maehe 3, 1961. tavini ra Marchenko i te rerenga kōrero i roto i te puni tōrangapū o Mordovia me te whare herehere Vladimir. I te pae hopea, hinga ia mate, ngaro tona rongo.

Taunga ki Daniel Yu me ētahi atu

tukua Anatoliy Tihonovich i roto i Noema 1966. I tukua e ia kua konatunatua i roto i te pakanga mo ratou ake tika, he hoariri pūmau o te tikanga o nāianei, me te Māoritanga, te taviniraa ia. noho Anatoly Marchenko i te rohe o Vladimir (Alexandrov), mahi rite te Loader. I roto i te puni, ka tutaki ia Yuliem Danielem. whakaurua tenei kaituhi ia ki māngai o pūkenga dissident i Moscow.

hoa New, i roto nei ko Larisa Bogoraz, tana wahine he kaha'ú, i āwhina Anatoly Tikhonovich rave i te mea te ia ki runga ki te - ki te hanga i te pukapuka i runga i herehere tōrangapū Soviet me puni o nga 1960. "Taku Iteraa" i oti i roto i te ngahuru o 1967. Kua riro ratou tino hira i roto i te samizdat, a i muri i te ia i whakaputaina ki waho. Kua tēnei mahi, kua whakamaoritia ki te maha o ngā reo Pākehā.

"Taku Iteraa," me te utu ratou

Taipitopito pukapuka taunakitanga o puni tōrangapū kākaá pakaru, i whakaritea mai e te i roto i te USSR me i te Te Hau-ā-uru. Ko e mo'oni, he tokomaha i te wa i whakapono ai te poauau, tutu tuwhera, me te tāmitanga tōrangapū ki dissent i roto i te mua i muri i te matenga o Stalin. i rite ki te hopu hoki tenei pukapuka Marchenko. Heoi, kihai i te KGB maia ki te whakaputa i te reira, whakaritea te kaituhi ki te pana i ki waho. Ahakoa rite te tikanga i runga i te fakamasiva Marchenko Soviet raraunga. Otiia kihai i tenei mahere mo etahi take mohio.

ngā mahi kairīpoata, ngā rā hou

Anatoliy Tihonovich i 1968, te tuatahi tamata tona ringa rite te publicist. Ko te kaupapa matua o te maha o ana tuhinga i roto i te momo o "reta tuwhera" he maimoatanga taehae o herehere tōrangapū. I roto i te taua tau, i runga i Hōngongoi 22, i tuhituhia e ia he pukapuka tuwhera ki te maha o ngā nūpepa ke, me te Soviet. ka mea te reira i te riri o te pehanga o te Prague Spring i te tikanga hōia. Tau mahana i muri hopukina Marchenko i roto i Moscow. Te tiaki ki a ia, kei roto i te ofatiraa o te tikanga uruwhenua. Ko te take i kore e whakaaetia ex-herehere ki te ora i roto i te pane i roto i aua tau. August 21, na'e tautea 1968 Marchenko ki tau kotahi i roto i te whare herehere. mahi ia te rerenga i roto i te rohe Perm (Nyrobsky puni whiu).

I runga i te mahana o tona tuku tīmataria he take hou i ki Anatoly Tikhonovich. I whakatupato ia ki te tūtara pūnaha Soviet "tito ngautuara" o herehere. I roto i August 1969 i whiua Marchenko ki e rua nga tau i roto i te puni.

I muri i te whakaoranga, i te 1971, noho Anatoliy Tihonovich i Kaluga Region (Tarusa), tahi ki L. Bogoras, nei e ka i riro tana wahine. ko Marchenko raro te tirotiro whakahaere.

Ko te patu matekai tuatahi Marchenko

I roto i te 1973, ua hinaaro ano te kāwanatanga ki te unga Anatoly ki waho. I takoha ia ki te tuhituhi i te tauākī i runga i te hekenga, whakawehi wā i roto i te take o te kore. mahi ana i tēnei riri i roto i Hui-tanguru 1975. i whiua Marchenko Anatoly ki tau e wha o te parau, he ofatiraa o ngā ture o te tirotiro whakahaere. i muri tonu pa tonu i tenei whakatau, Anatoliy Tihonovich matekai patu, a puritia ana e ia mo te rua marama. Na ka whakahekea atu e ia i roto i Irkutsk rohe (kainga Chuna).

Kaupapa nūpepa, MHG

Marchenko, ara ka i roto i te whakarau, tonu ngā mahi kairīpoata me te tuhituhi. whakaahuatia e ia te hītori o te take hou whakatuwheratia ki a ia, me te arahi i te tukanga nanakia i roto i tona pukapuka e tika ana "Mai Tarusa ki Chuny", i whakaputaina i roto i te New York i te 1976.

hanga i tetahi atu kaupapa auau Marchenko nūpepa he fifi e "Munich" kaupapa here o whakamarie o te Soviet Union ki manahune Western. ngā tenei i roto i te tuhinga, Anatoly Tikhonovich "Tertium datur - toru hoatu", hanga i roto i te 1976 ki L. Bogoras. Ko te kaituhi faahapa te aronga i roto i nei ki te hawhe tuatahi o nga 70 whakawhanake whanaunga ao. totohe ratou e kore e pera te nui o te whakaaro o te detente rite taua, engari ki te Te Hau-ā-uru o te māramatanga Soviet o tenei whakaaro.

I roto i te Mei 1976, ngā Marchenko i roto i te Helsinki Group Moscow (Moscow Helsinki Group), engari ka mau kahore wahi hohe i roto i tona mahi, i roto i te wahi hoki i ia i roto i te whakarau, i roto i te wahi hoki o te tautohe e hāngai ana i runga i tangohia i te Ture whakamutunga i te hui Helsinki.

Ko te timatanga o te pukapuka hou

tukua Anatoly Marchenko i roto i 1978 (i te arahi me ngā mauhere i raro i te ture Soviet te i roto i te wā e rite ana ra kotahi toru). noho Marchenko i roto i te rohe o Vladimir (Karabanovo), mahi ia rite te kōhua STOKER. Ko te kohinga hītori o samizdat "Pūmahara" (toru o putanga, 1978) i reira ko tetahi kohinga o ngā rauemi whakatapua ki te tau whakatekau o te tuku o "toku whakaaturanga." I tua atu, ka hoatu te pene 2 o te pukapuka hou Marchenko ki reira, "Me noho te katoa." E whakaahua ana tēnei mahi te hītori o te hanganga o "toku whakaaturanga."

"Ora rite katoa atu" me nga oko tōrangapū-kairīpoata

I te timatanga o 1981 Marchenko Anatoly tonu ki te mahi i runga i te pukapuka, "Me noho te katoa." I ia ki te faaineine no te te whakaputanga o taua mea, te uhi i te wā i te tau 1966 ki te 1969. I te wa ano kua hanga Anatoliy Tihonovich he maha o ngā tuhinga o te arotahi tōrangapū, me te kairīpoata. oti rawa tetahi o ratou te ki te riri o te wawaotanga hōia Soviet i roto i nga take o Poland i muri i te takanga o te "o Siulaí,".

hopu Last Marchenko

Hoki te ono o te wa i hopukina Marchenko Anatoly March 17, 1981. Ko te whakamutunga tenei puke mo ia. Tenei wa, kihai i nga mana e hiahia ana ki te fabricate he "kore-tōrangapū" whakawakia. i te whakapanga Anatoliy Tihonovich o rōpū me te whakatö-ki te Soviet Union. i muri tonu i te hopu, ka mea Marchenko whakapono ia nga whakahaere taihara KGB ko CPSU, a kore e whai wāhi i roto i te tūhuratanga. I roto i te tīmatanga o Mahuru 1981 whiua ia te Kooti-rohe Vladimir ki te 10 tau i roto i te puni, me te te wā tohutoro muri o te 5 tau.

Andrei Sakharov, i roto i tona tuhinga ui ko e "Whakaorangia Anatoly Marchenko," ka karanga te kupu "tutu rahi" mo te pukapuka e pā ana ki te he Kemi (korerotia Marchenko e pā ana ki a ia i roto i te tuatahi) me 'utu tūmatanui "mo tona faitotonú, te itoito, me te motuhake o te huru, me te hinengaro.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

Kaituhi Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich te taviniraa i te rerenga kōrero i roto i te puni tōrangapū o Perm. Kei te waiho i raro tonu te whakahaere a ia ki te inonotitanga. i tangohia Marchenko o reta me ngā haerenga, mo te hara iti i waiho e ia i roto i te pūtau whiu. Ko reira tino uaua ki te haere mai i roto i nga tau i muri mai i tenei kaituhi Anatoly Marchenko. kaituhi o te pukapuka, o te akoranga, kua rāhuitia. I roto i te Hakihea 1984, rangatira haumaru kurua whiua Anatoly Tikhonovich. I roto i te Oketopa 1985, hoki i whakawhitia "maumaui nahanaha o te" Marchenko ki te whare herehere tikanga Chistopol atu pākaha. Here tatari ia wehe tata oti. I roto i taua mau huru, te matekai noho anake te taea o te parenga. Ko te whakamutunga o ratou, te roa (117 ra roanga), ka timata Marchenko August 4, 1986. Anatoly Tikhonovich whakaritenga i ki te mutunga i te tūkino o herehere tōrangapū i roto i te Soviet Union, ratou tuku. mutu Marchenko te patu matekai Whiringa 28, 1986. He ra torutoru i muri i taua, ia ohorere ka mate. I tonoa e ia i runga i Hakihea 8 i roto i te hōhipera Anatoly Marchenko rohe. mutu tona haurongo i te ra ano, i roto i te ahiahi. Ko reira ka e mate te kaituhituhi. E ai ki te putanga e pā ana, puta te mate rite ki te hua o te iti hoki manawa-pūkahukahu.

Toa AT Marchenko

riro Marchenko, otiia kihai i kitea e ia i roto i pā ana ki reira. puni tōrangapū tata i muri i tona matenga i to'o. Ko reira e kore anake mea mooni, engari akiaki ano hoki, kia rite ki ka mea a Raniera. Hakihea 11, i tanumia 1986 Anatoliy Tihonovich i te urupā i Chistopol. I muri i 5 ra (i muri A. Sakharov, academician whakahekea, ka karanga Mikhail Gorbachev) timata he wā hou i roto i te aamu i to tatou whenua o. Kia aroha mai, kihai i ora tatari mō tohu Anatoly Marchenko. I te tau 1988, i te Rīpeka ia te paraihe. Sakharov.

ka anga ana mahi ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i tona whenua mai 1989. Anatoly Marchenko, e tai'o te pukapuka, me ki tenei ra whawhai toku ora katoa ki te whakawa he. Ko te takoha ki tenei tangata nui.