Gustav Husak - kaitōrangapū kiko he rangatira repressive ranei?

Ko te kōrero te ora o te kaitōrangapū Czechoslovak Gustav Husak rawa haapiiraa. ka tona kingitanga rongonui pera-ka karanga "māori", arā te whakakorenga o nga hopearaa o te whakahounga "Prague Spring." Gustav Husak ko Slovak iwi me te tama kore mahi. ara ora te ia ki te keokeonga o te kaha. riro ia peresideni o te hapori Czechoslovakia, rangatira tata motuhake o te Pāti Communist o te whenua. Ka rite ki te reforomatio i tona tamarikitanga, ka anga ia ki te tāmi i te taonga tarewa i roto i te Heoi o te rau tau whakamutunga. rihaina ia ka te kitenga ia e he i runga i tona wa.

haurongo wawe o Gustav Husak i tona tamarikitanga

Wāhi o Czechoslovak kaupapa here i runga i te rohe o Ateria-Hungary, i roto i Poshonihidegkute (inaianei Dubravka), January 10, 1913. I 16 tau ka e ia he mema o te rōpū taitamarikitanga Communist. Ko reira i roto i ona akoranga i te kura Bratislava. A, no ka tomo ia ki te ture Faculty o University Comenius, kua riro te reira i te mema o te Pāti Communist. Reira ia hohoro hanga tona mahi, neke i ia wa ki te taumata teitei. I roto i te 1938, i rāhuitia te rōpū. I te pakarutanga o te Pakanga II o te Ao, Gustav Husak, i runga i te ringa kotahi, kei te maha whai wāhi ia i roto i te mahi Communist ture, toutou hoki i hopukina e ia e ngā māngai o te kāwanatanga Fascist o Jozef Tiso, a ki runga ki te tahi atu - ko hoa ki te rangatira o tawhiti-matau Slovak Alexander Mach. Ētahi puna mea e ko tenei he aha i tukua e ia i muri i te maha o ngā marama o te mau herehere ana. I roto i te 1944, ka e ia tetahi o nga kau taki o te Slovak National whakatikanga ake ki nga kau Nasí me ratou mau faatereraa.

Gustav Husak i muri i te pakanga

timata tonu te kuao kaitōrangapū whaihua tona mahi rite te functionary Statesman me te rōpū. Mai i 1946 ki te 1950 e ia mau te whakatangihanga a te tūranga o te Pirimia, me, ko te kupu, i te tau 1948, whai wāhi ia i roto i te toremi o te Democratic Party o Slovakia, i runga i pōtitanga i roto i wha tekau-ono o nga tau, riro 62 ōrau o te pōti. Otiia i roto i te 1950, ka e ia he pārurenga o whakapaia a Stalin me i roto i te rangatiratanga o Klement Gottwald i whakaharaina o whakaaro iwi, ka na'e tautea ki te ora i roto i te whare herehere, pau ia e ono nga tau i roto i te Leopoldov whare herehere. Tokotaha he whakaaro kominiusi, ia āta whakaaro taua tāmitanga e pā ana ki reira i te pōhēhē me te tonu i tuhituhi ta'i pukapuka e pā ana ki te rōpū kaiārahi. Te mea faahiahia, te ka rangatira o te Pāti Communist o Czechoslovakia Aleksandr Novotny i pai ki te whakarere noa ia, korero ana hoa e "kore koe e mohio ko te aha e taea e ia te mea i, ki te haere mai ia ki te kaha."

rangatira kāwanatanga Career

I roto i te de-Stalinization o Gusak Gustav i rehabilitated ia. I whakakorea tona rerenga, ka anō i roto i te rōpū. tupu tenei i roto i te 1963. Mai reira, kua riro te kaupapa here, he hoariri nui Novotny me tautoko Slovak reforomatio Aleksandra Dubcheka. I roto i te 1968, i roto i te "Prague Spring", ka e ia te pirimia o Czechoslovakia, haepapa hoki e mau ana i roto i whakahounga. A, no te faaite i te Soviet Union whakaahunga kaha ki te kaupapa here o te kaiārahi hou, ko Gusak Gustav tetahi o te tuatahi nei ka karanga hoki tūpato. timata ia ki te korero taunu ana nga taea o te "Prague Spring", me i roto i te wawaotanga hōia i roto i Czechoslovakia i te whenua Warsaw Pact ka rōpū ki te whiriwhiringa i waenganui i Dubcek me Brezhnev. Na ohorere arahina Husak te wahi o te mau melo o te HRC, e kua karanga hoki te "huriwhakamuri" o whakahounga. I roto i tetahi o ana kupu, i te ka ui ia ki he pātai kōrero e pā ana ki te wahi ki te kohikohi kaitautoko o Dubcek titiro hoki hoa e e tauturu i te whenua akakoromaki i te hōia Soviet. Mai i huaina Husak kaitōrangapū kiko.

Ko te rangatira o Czechoslovakia

Ki te tautoko o te kaupapa here USSR hohoro whakakapi Dubcek i te rangatira HRC pou. Ia e kore anake tahuri hoki te ripeneta tukanga, engari ano hoki i peia e i te rōpū o te ohaoha-whakaaro. I roto i te 1975, pōtitia Gusak Gustav i te peresideni o Czechoslovakia. I roto i te rua tekau tau o tona tikanga, te whenua noho tonu tetahi o te kaupapa here pono o te Soviet Union. I roto i nga tau wawe o tona tikanga rite Husak tamata ki te ata te iwi riri o te whenua, te whakatairanga i te oranga ōhanga me te faka'ehi'ehi mei tāmitanga nui, me te tuwhera. I te wa ano i tika tangata i roto i Czechoslovakia atu iti atu, hei tauira, i roto i Yugoslavia i te wa o Broz Tito, a tae noa e taea te whakaritea tona kaupapa here ahurea ki te mea i taua mea i roto i Romania ka Nicolae Ceauşescu. I raro i nga pepeha o te pūmautanga o te ratonga ngaro o te whenua e herea tonu dissidents, pērā i ngā mema o te "Charter 77", me te kau taki uniana hokohoko, e kua tamata ki te whakarite aro.

Husak i te tau o "perestroika"

ka te pakeke, atu momo Hsu Gusak Gustav (te tohu riro ia i roto i 1983). Heoi, i roto i nga fitungofulú o te rau tau rua tekau, ka hoki ia ki te rōpū o te hunga i peia muri te "Prague Spring", ahakoa i takoto ratou ki ripeneta nuitia o "hape." I roto i te-doma 80. te Politburo, i arahina e ia te pakanga mo ki te kawe i whakahounga rite "Gorbachev" ranei. Hoki te Czechoslovak "perestroika" kōrero Pirimia lubomír štrougal. ano noho kūpapa Husak, engari i roto i April 1987, ua faaite te hōtaka o whakahounga, i nga ki timata i roto i te 1991.

Whakamutunga o te mahi

I roto i te 1988, ka ui nga Kominiusi Czechoslovak e ki te hoatu i to ratou rangatira ake kaha ki te whakatupuranga o muri. Te riroraa i te pragmatist, ua faaoti Husak kore ki te haere matara rawa, a ka whakaae ki te rihaina, ka mahue tona tūranga rite peresideni o Czechoslovakia. I roto i te ara ano i mea ai ia i roto i te "revolution wereweti" i roto i te 1989. Ia noa whakahau Marian Chalfie rere te kāwanatanga "whakawhirinaki motu" a hoatu ia te kaha o Hakihea 10 o te taua tau. ko te mutunga ōkawa o te tikanga whakapumautia e ratou tenei. I roto i te whakamātau pau ki kia rehabilitated, te Czechoslovak Communist Party peia ia i ona rarangi i roto i te 1990, engari kihai i te āwhina reira ia i roto i te pōtitanga. Peresideni o te whenua kua riro i te dissident Václav Havel. Gander ki Katorika i roto i 1991, tata wareware katoa, kua mate.

Mohoa noa nei, tautohe tumu kōrero e pā ana ki te mea i te hopoi'a morare o tenei kaupapa i roto i te rua tekau tau o tona whakahaere tikanga i roto i Czechoslovakia. E whakahaere ia te taputapu kāwanatanga, ranei ko te tao'a o ngā me ētahi atu iwi? I roto i nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora Husak i whakatikaia, e ia tika hiahia ki te fakamolū te mau hopearaa mooni o te whakaekenga Soviet o te whenua, a tamata ki te tu atu i te "whatura" i roto i tona rōpū. I roto i te pono, ia mau tonu rapu te withdrawal o ngā hōia Soviet i Czechoslovakia. Pea awe tenei tona kaupapa, no te tamata tonu ia ki te hanga i te mana'o e katoa "noa."