He aha te pākia i roto i te koiora: definition

He huru whakahauanga mo te oraraa o tetahi kaiao ora ko te supply tamau o ngā matūkai me te tango o nga hua pirau whakamutunga.

He aha te pākia i roto i te koiora

Pākia, ranei pākia - he huinga motuhake o tauhohe matū e tango i te wahi i roto i tetahi rauropi ora ki te mau tonu tona mahi me te ora. Taua tauhohe hoatu te tinana te whai wāhi ki te whakawhanake, tupu me te tini me te pupuri tonu tona hanganga, me te i roto i te whakautu ki akiaki taiao o te taiao.

Ka taea te wehea pākia ki e rua ngā wāhanga: catabolism me anabolism. I roto i te wā tuatahi e pakaru nga matū matatini katoa ki raro, ka riro atu ohie. I te tuarua, tahi ki te utu pūngao synthesized karihi waikawa, lipids me pūmua.

Ko te tūranga tino nui i roto i te pākia nui whākōkī e te hunga kaha kaiwhakakökï koiora. E taea e ki te whakaiti i te pūngao whakahohenga o nga tauhohe tinana, me te whakahaere i ara pūkoro ratou.

He ōrite iahiko pūkoro me ngā wāhanga hoki ngā momo maha, i te mea tohu o te kotahitanga o te takenga mai o nga mea ora katoa. Tenei faitatau tohu te takanga āhua wawe o te kukuwhatanga i te hītori o te whanaketanga o kaiao.

momo Whakarōpū o pākia

He aha te pākia i roto i te koiora, whakaahuatia i roto i te taipitopito i roto i tenei tuhinga. Ka taea te wehea kaiao ora katoa e te tīariari i runga i te ao whenua ki waru ngā rōpū, arahina e te puna o te waro, pūngao, me te tïpako oxidized.

Te oraraa kaiao rite te puna mana taea te whakamahi i te pūngao o te tauhohe matū, te marama ranei. Ka rite ki e taea tïpako oxidizable e rua organic me matū pararopi. Ko te pūtake o te waro, ko te hauhā organic ranei.

He microorganisms e, he i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te oraraa, te whakamahi i ngā momo rerekē o te pākia e. Tei te reira i runga i te haumākū, raiti me ētahi atu āhuatanga.

kaiao Multicellular taea te āhuatanga i roto i taua kotahi, a kia whai pūtau ki ngā momo rerekē o ngā tukanga pūkoro te tinana kotahi.

catabolism

Koiora, pākia me te pūngao mā te whakaaro he taua mea rite "catabolism". huaina ana tēnei wā ko te tukanga pūkoro tinana i roto i nei, kua pakaru iho nga matūriki nui o ngako waikawa amino me warowaihā. I roto i catabolism puta rāpoi ohie wāhi i roto i te tauhohe biosynthesis. Ko reira i roto i enei tukanga taea ki te whakaoreore pūngao, e whakaahua ana i te reira ki te puka e wātea ana te tinana, ko te.

Kaiao e ora i roto i te ahotakakame (tipu me cyanobacteria), e kore e tauhohe whakawhiti irahiko te tuku pūngao, me te piki haere tika ki te rā.

Animals matatini tauhohe catabolic e pā ana ki te wāwāhi ki runga, o huānga ohie. Taua matū he pūhau me te hāora.

Kei te wehea Catabolism i roto i nga kararehe ki toru ngā wāhanga:

1. Wāhinga o matū matatini ki te hunga ohie.
2. Wāhinga o ngā rāpoi ngota ohie ki atu ohie.
3. tuku pūngao.

anabolism

Pākia (koiora kōeke 8 whakaaro tenei ariā) me anabolism āhuatanga e - he kohinga o nga tukanga pūkoro tinana o te biosynthesis ki whakapaunga o te pūngao. rāpoi matatini e ko te pūtake o te pūngao o ngā hanganga pūtau e hanga e raupapa i te aritarita tino ohie.

Tuatahi synthesized amino waikawa, nucleotides, monosaccharides. Na ko enei āhuatanga momo kaha o te pūngao e tika ana ki te APR. A i roto i te taahiraa whakamutunga e ngā waetahi kaha katoa i roto i ngā hanganga uaua, pērā i te pūmua, lipids me polysaccharides.

E tano ia tapao e kore kaiao ora katoa synthesize rāpoi kaha. Biology (pākia whakaahuatia i roto i te taipitopito i roto i tenei tuhinga) tukuna taua kaiao rite autotrophs me heterotrophs chemotroph. whiwhi ratou to ratou pūngao i puna rerekē.

Ko te pūngao whiwhi i te rā

He aha te pākia i roto i te koiora? Ko te tukanga i nei mea ora katoa te tīariari i roto i te ao, a ka titore kaiao ora i mea nonliving.

Ko te pūngao o te rā e kai etahi kararehe pūtau, ngā tipu me te cyanobacteria. I roto i enei māngai puta pākia i roto i te ahotakakame - te tukanga o te absorption o te hāora, me te puha hauhā.

nakunaku

E piri taua rāpoi rite māngaro, pūmua me te cellulose i mua ratou e whakamahia rite te pūtau. I roto i te tukanga o te nakunaku tae te whākōkī motuhake e wahia iho pūmua ki waikawa amino me polysaccharides - ki monosaccharides.

Ka taea e Animals te tuku taua whākōkī anake i roto i ngā pūtau motuhake. Ko Kei te noho taratahi taua microorganisms i roto i te wāhi e karapoti ana. matū katoa e e whakaputaina e tika ana ki whākōkī wahopūtau e tomo te tinana mā te "waka hohe".

Mana me te ture

He aha te pākia i roto i te koiora, ka taea e koe te pānui i roto i tenei tuhinga. Ia homeostasis rauropi āhuatanga e - tamau o te taiao ā-. Ko te tino nui hoki tetahi rauropi te oraraa o taua tikanga. Mai katoa o ratou i te taiao e te tonu te huri i roto i te tikanga ki te mau tonu ngā āhuatanga tino pai i roto i te pūtau o tauhohe pūkoro katoa me whakahaere tika, me te tika. pākia pai e āhei kaiao ora i roto i te whakapā tonu ki te taiao, me te whakautu ki ngā huringa.

mōhiohio hītori

He aha te pākia i roto i te koiora? Ko faaotiraa i roto i te timatanga o tenei tuhinga. Ko te ariā o "pākia e" mo te wa tuatahi i whakamahia te Theodor Schwann i te tekau-o te rautau tekau mā iwa.

Ko te ako o te pākia e, whai wāhi pūtaiao e i roto i te maha o senituli, a ka anga te reira katoa ki nganatanga ki ako i te kararehe. Ko te wā "pākia" i whakamahia tuatahi e Ibn al-Nafis, ko wai i whakapono e te tinana katoa, ko te tonu i roto i te āhua o te kai, me te pirau, na āhuatanga e huringa tonu hoki ia.

Koiora haapiiraa "Metabolism" ki te whakatuwhera i te ngako o te ariā me te whakaahua i tauira e ka tauturu i whakanui i te hohonu o te matauranga.

Tuatahi wheako mātakitaki i te ako o te pākia whiwhi i Santorio Santoro i 1614. fakamatala'i e ia tona huru i mua i a muri te kai, mahi, te wai inu me te moe. Ko ia te tuatahi ki te kite i ngaro te nuinga o te kai o te kai i roto i te tukanga "whakaetonga äta".

I roto i te akoranga tuatahi, kihai i kitea nga tauhohe pūkoro, ka whakapono pūtaiao e kiko ora whakahaere te kaha faufaa.

I roto i te rau tau rua tekau, whakaurua Eduard Buchner te ariā o whākōkī. Mai reira te ako o te pākia e haamata ki te ako o ngā pūtau. I roto i tenei wā, kua meinga mataora te pūtaiao.

He aha te pākia i roto i te koiora? Ka taea te hoatu whakamāramatanga te whai - te huinga motuhake o tauhohe matüora e tautoko i te oraraa o te rauropi.

kohuke

Ko te pākia o te tūranga rawa nui takaro e matū pararopi. pūhui matū waro katoa ngā o te nui o te ūkuikui, hāora, te waro me te hauota.

Ka taea e te nuinga o pūhui pararopi whakahaere i te taumata pēhanga i roto i te pūtau. Ano, te kukū he pānga pai i runga i te mahi o te uaua, me te karere ngā pūtau.

konganuku Tauwhiro (rino me te konutea) whakahaere i te mahi o te pūmua waka me whākōkī. kohuke pararopi katoa whenumi i roto i te pūmua waka, me te kore e i roto i te āhua noa.