Hinonga nui o Russia. hinonga Industrial i roto i Russia

Ahumahi Ko te wāhanga nui o te matatini ōhanga o te whenua. i whakarite ona tūranga ārahi e te meka e kaiwhakawhiwhi reira ki katoa rāngai o te ōhanga , rauemi hou, taputapu. I roto i te tahi atu rāngai tu reira mahi rayono- me complexing.

Poto e pā ana ki te ahumahi i roto i Russia

Ki te rā, he tata ki te tohu o 460 mano te maha o hinonga i Russia, whakarato ratou mahi hoki tata 15 miriona iwi, kua nui nga pukapuka o ratou hua te tohu o 21 piriona moni. āhuatanga Ahumahi o to tatou whenua e te hanganga whänuitanga matatini me te whänuitanga e whakaata ana i te huringa i roto i te whakapai ake o te ope hua, te whanaketanga o te wehenga rohe o mahi. Kei te tika hono reira ki te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te hangarau.

whakarōpū

hinonga ahumahi Modern i roto i Russia āhuatanga e te taumata āhua teitei no te ite taa'e. Nā ki te wehenga faahohonuraa o mahi puta ngā rāngai, iti-rāngai, me ngā momo o te hanga. Fakataha, i whai ahua ai ratou he hanganga manga. Kotahi tekau ma tahi o ahumahi matatini pērā i te hiko, wahie, metallurgy ferrous me nonferrous, metalworking me te engineering aunoa, matūngahinu, matū, penupenu me te pepa, ngahere, rakau tukatuka, tukatuka kai, e miramira ahumahi marama i roto i te whakarōpūtanga o nāianei hou. whakaritea te wehenga taua e maha ngā āhuatanga ohaoha, me te pāpori, nui i roto i nei ko: hangarau te ahunga whakamua, te taumata o te whanaketanga, ngā āhuatanga pāpori me te hītori, māori rauemi, hanga pūkenga o te taupori rohe.

Ka taea te wehea Ahumahi ki:

• Mining. Kei roto i tēnei ahumahi e pā ana ki te keri e kore anake, engari ano hoki ratou haamaitairaa. I tua atu, ngā reira hī i runga i whāngote, ika me te kaimoana.
• Tukatuka. Ēnei ngā hinonga ahumahi i roto i Russia rave i roto i te tukatuka o ngā hua ahumahi keri. I tua atu, ngā reira me te tukatuka o ngahere me ngā rauemi raw ahuwhenua. Ko te ahumahi ko te pūtake o te ahumahi taimaha katoa o te whenua.

Ko te hinonga nui o Russia. Oao "Gazprom"

A feruri i te feia faatere o te whitu i roto i te rangatira o te kamupene nui rawa i roto i to tatou whenua. I roto i te whakahiato i tēnei rārangi e ki pūkete o ratou rawa, hua, me hua. Nuinga i roto i te rārangi nui ngā hinonga matū o Russia, ranei kaua, tetahi o nga manga i i tupu - te hinu. Ko nga mea tuatahi te tuatahi.

Ko te kupu, ko te rangatira motuhake - he JSC "Gazprom". whakaturia tenei kamupene hau Russian i roto i 1989. mahi ana ia i roto i te mara o te hanga hau me te ahumahi hau tohatoha. "Gazprom" ka mau wahi ma rima i roto i te ao mo ona rawa, me te he moni i runga i te tūranga 24 i roto i te rangatira o kamupene ao. Ko te pūnaha hau transportation o te hinonga ko te 160 mano kiromita me ko te roa rawa ki runga ki te ao. 51 ōrau o ngā kamupene kāwanatanga-fatuhia. Ko te uara mākete o "Gazprom" nui 156 piriona. US tāra, tona rerekē o $ 150 piriona. Tara, me ngā rawa tata o neke atu i te 303 piriona. Tara. Tenei kamupene whakarato mahi mō neke atu i te wha rau mano tangata.

"Lukoil"

Whakaaro i te hinonga nui o Russia, e kore e taea e kore ki te whakahua e pā ana ki tenei kamupene. runga te reira i te rua i roto i to tatou rangatira. whakaritea te reira i tenei kamupene i roto i te 1991. Ko te mahi matua o JSC he haurapa, production, para me te hoko o te hinu, me te hau tūturu. Tae noa 2007 ko reira te kamupene nui rawa i runga i te hanga o te hinu, i roto i ngā o te moni e te reira te rua o nga tūranga i muri i te "Gazprom". I te timatanga o 2011, nga Rahui o "Lukoil" o waiwaro ko te kamupene tuatoru i roto i te rangatira ao o kamupene tūmataiti, me rāhui hinu - tuatahi o te ao. Ko te kupu, tona uara mākete he neke atu i te $ 55 piriona; rawa - 90,6 piriona tāra; rerekē haere - $ 105 piriona; hua ā-tau - 111,4 piriona tāra; pai - 10.4 piriona tāra. Tenei kamupene whakarato mahi mō ngā iwi neke atu i te kotahi rau me te rima tekau mano.

OJSC "Rosneft"

Ko te kamupene tomo ano te rārangi o kamupene Russian, kia whakataetae te rawa o nei ki te tangata roroa ao. i hanga JSC i 1993. Ko tōna mahi matua - ko ngā mahi ite, te hinu me te hau, me te te hanga o ngā hua hinu, me te matūngahinu. He meka ngā ko e te kamupene i roto i te 2007, nui atu ona "Lukoil" whakataetae i roto i ngā o te hanga hinu i roto i te hoko o "rawa Yukos '. Ko te utu o tenei hinonga ko e pā ana ki $ 80 piriona .; rerekē haere - 63 piriona tāra; moni - e pā ana ki $ 60 piriona; rawa - 106 piriona tāra; tae pai $ 11.3 piriona. "Rosneft" kamupene whakarato mahi hoki e pā ana 170 mano iwi.

OJSC "Sberbank o Russia"

haapapu tenei whakahaere e te nui hinonga kāwanatanga-fatuhia Russia kore mahi anake i roto i te ahumahi extractive, i roto i te wahi wha i roto i to tatou rangatira ko te kamupene pūtea. JSC Ko te hanganga pēke ao rite whakarato reira he tika whanui o ratonga ngā. Ko te kupu, kia rite ki raraunga o 2009 tona wahi i roto i te mākete tāpui Russian i neke atu i te 50 ōrau, me nga moni taurewa kōpaki ki neke atu i te toru tekau ōrau o te taurewa e i whakaputaina puta noa te whenua. Ko te uara mākete o "Tiaki Bank" Ko e pā ana ki $ 75 piriona; te wahi o ngā rawa - 282,4 piriona tāra; pai - 31.8 piriona tāra. Te kamupene whakarato mahi mō neke atu i te 240 mano iwi.

OJSC "TNK-BP Holding"

I whakaritea ngā tata tenei kamupene - i roto i te 2003. Tona makehe he hinu production me tona tukatuka. Ko te pūtake mo tona hanganga ko te timatanga o te örite TNK ko British BP. Ko te uara mākete o te pupuri, ko te 51,6 piriona tāra; hua - 60,2 piriona tāra; pai mai ki $ 9 piriona. Te kamupene whakarato mahi mō neke atu i te 50 mano tangata.

OJSC "Surgutneftegas"

hinonga nui Russia hono tetahi "neftesos," mutu ia i roto i te wahi tuaono i roto i to tatou rangatira. whakaturia OJSC i roto i te tau 1990, me te ko tetahi o te hinu, me te hau nui kamupene i roto i te whenua. rēhita te kamupene i roto i te motuhake District Khanty-Mansi, i roto i te pa o Surgut, i te wahi kotahi, a kei tona tari matua. Ko te utu tata ko e pā ana ki $ 40 piriona; rawa - 46.6 piriona tāra; hua - 20.3 piriona tāra; pai - 4.3 piriona tāra. "Surgutneftegaz" whakarato mahi mō neke atu i te 110 mano iwi.

JSC "Bank VTB"

Whakaoti to tatou rārangi o tetahi whare pūtea. Ko te timatanga o tona mahi, ko te 1990, i mua i huaina te kamupene i "Vneshtorgbank". Tenei whakahaere arumoni i taea ki te tiki i a tawhio noa te rahi o te whakapaipai mana o "Sberbank o Russia", a ka tangohia e tetahi wahi tuarua kaha i roto i ngā o ngā rawa. Kei te tari upoko o te kamupene i roto i Moscow, engari te rohe fariiraa ko te whakapaipai ahurea o Russia - St Petersburg. Ko te uara mākete o te kamupene, rite ki tuatahi tata ki te kia 26.4 piriona tāra; ake whakapaipai - 19.7 piriona tāra; rawa - 139,3 piriona tāra; hua - 12.6 piriona tāra. Te kamupene whakarato mahi mō tata 70,000 iwi.

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, ka hinga te whakatauranga tika hinu, me te hau kamupene me ngā pūtahi pūtea. Heoi, e kore e hinonga nui i roto i Russia iti ki te ao maina, ahakoa kahore ratou e whai rite maha rawa me hua o te wāhi, engari ano hoki i ratou te tahi mea ki te whakamanamana o. Hei tauira, etahi o ratou ara eke ki te Guinness World Records. Ko atu i runga i taua i muri.

hinonga ahumahi Russian. "Mahi Izhora"

Tenei hinonga, ahakoa e kore e taea te whakataetae i te feia faatere o te o to tatou ana'iraa, engari kei te mohiotia e ia, ka whakaaro puta noa i te ao. Tenei te tipu ko tetahi o te nui rawa i roto i te ao, e taea o te whakaputa tata tetahi wahi. e kore e wātea ana ētahi o e hea atu. Ko te kamupene e pā ana ki te engineering taimaha iti-rāngai. Kei roto i Kolpino (St Petersburg). I roto i te nomenclature o te tipu ngā excavators kaha, taputapu awhiowhio me te pūngao, ngā whare, hiahia, me te ake. Kolpino kamupene ko te anake i roto i Russia kaihanga o casings mō reactors karihi.

"Uralvagonzavod"

hinonga ārai Russian ngā neke atu i 1,200 otaota i roto i ngā mara. He tokomaha o ratou e pai mōhiotia, a maha o ratou hua e kore analogues i roto i te ao. Heoi, i roto i tenei tuhinga titiro tatou ki te hinonga i roto i ngā o ratou rahi, i roto i tenei whakaaro, kia arotahi ki runga i te "Uralvagonzavod". Nā ki tona rahi i te reira i roto i te Guinness Buka o Records me ko te kamupene nui rawa i roto i te ao, ki te rohe o 827.000 mita pūrua. Kei roto i te rohe Sverdlovsk, i roto i te pa o Nizhny Tagil. I roto i te meka, ko reira te rangahau, me te hanga kaporeihana, mahi nei i roto i rua whanaketanga me te hanga o te taputapu hōia hou, ara hanga mīhini, rerewhenua hariata. hopoi mai huihui te rōpū production kamupene, bureaus hoahoa me'inisititiuti rangahau. nona te kāwanatanga te hea katoa o te kamupene.

I roto i te mutunga

Ahakoa te raruraru ōhanga ao tata tenatia, noho tonu Russia he mana ahumahi ao. Ētahi atu tata (i roto i te horopaki o ngā kōrero), kua tino ke to matou whenua ona akoranga o te whanaketanga, me te i ēnei rā i taea e kore tetahi kupu i te mua i reira he kore hiahia ki te mahi, ki te hanga he kua ratou heke mai i raro i mau capitalist. Kia te taunu mea e te wahi o te production ahumahi i roto i Russia tamau te heke me te tono e anake nga ahumahi extractive, e ngā rauemi tata raw katoa mo te kaweake. O te akoranga, enei kupu i etahi pono, engari kua mohio ki te reira e, pera i roto i te mohoao, te wahi ora o te koutu. I roto i nga tau tata nei, kei te tere te whanake i te matatini hanga me hinonga ahumahi o Russia i te aronga o te nui tipu whakahoutanga me te faafariuraa ki te mahi i runga i ngā paerewa hou, me te hangarau. Na ko te aronga i runga i production öhanga taea ki te maha itinga o kaimahi. tutuki tēnei mā taputapu nui-tech me te hua i roto i te wahi o te aunoatanga o te tukanga whakaputa.

Kua arahina tenei ia ki te meka e kua nui haere te maha o ngā tipu tino i runga i te tekau tau ka taha. Ka rite ki te hua, i hangaia te tohi lēsoni mo humarie o te takotoranga i roto i tenei puranga o ngā kamupene i e taea kite koe i te tini o kamupene i roto i Russia, o ratou taipitopito whakapā, he aha ratou hua me te momo o te tahi atu mōhiohio e ka whai hua ki e rua kaipakihi me te iwi noa. te kitenga o tenei whakaaro i roto i te anga o te kaupapa "Ko te ahumahi katoa o Russia."