Hōtaka werohanga mō ngā tamariki: whakamemeke

Whakamemeke - he māuiuitanga hopuhopu whakapeka, i roto i nei pānga te huaketo te mea hina o te ua, me te oblongata medulla. Ko tōna hopearaa he pāpāngia, ārahi ki hauātanga tūturu. Kei te whakapono te reira i taua i roto i Russia, Europe me Amerika taea hinga tenei mate kino, a ka awhinatia reira ki te hanga werohanga ki te whakamemeke. Apiti i roto i Russia whakarato hoki ratou whakahaere i roto i te tuatahi o nga marama o te ora o te tamaiti.

whakamemeke

Whakamemeke - he mate whakapeka meinga e huaketo o toru serotypes. Ko te puna o te mate he iwi e mate ana, me te kawe huaketo. tuku te mate e te fecal-waha me rūrūtia. Ko, Ka taea e kia huaketo koutou i te whakapā, i roto i te wai, nga rihi, nga hua, i ka te huaketo. I roto i te taiao o waho, ko reira kainga nui e taea whakapataritari reira he urutā. Ko te tino haria ki te mahi o ana tamariki i te 3 marama ki te 5 tau. Ki te puka angamaheni o whakamemeke huaketo patu nga karihi pūkaha o te kakau roro, me te ua. Hauora te whakahuatia reira rānei meningitis whanaketanga o pāpāngia, paresis, uaua atrophy ranei. Hoki, kia kia asymptomatic horoi ranei te mate. wātea i te mate mo'uí pupuri whakamanawanui iwi whakamemeke. hōtaka kano taea te tamaiti ki te whakawhanake i tētahi pūnaha ārai mate tāwhaiwhai ki te mate. Engari me tatou mau i roto i te ngakau e i roto i te ngaro o te werohanga, ara kino ki te whakamemeke, he tangata e taea anō-whakapoke ratou, engari ka whakamana i te kaihoko i te momo rerekē o te huaketo.

momo o kano

Ki te rā, e rua ngā momo o kano whakawhanakehia. Te wehe ora kano-waha te whakamemeke (OPV) me te kano whakamemeke inactivated (IPV). I roto i Russia, i te taumata kāwanatanga, kua tangohia mehua katoa ki te whakaiti i te taumata o te mate i roto i te taupori, me ki te hanga wātea i te mate ki taua mate rite whakamemeke. Typhoid (ka hōtaka kano kia aroaro i raro) e taea te mahi e rua OPV me IPV. Rua putanga o te kano kei katoa toru ngā momo o te huaketo e ai tenei mate. I roto i to tatou whenua e whakaaetia ana e ia mo te whakamahi rite he kano ora, me te inactivated. I tua atu i te wahi whakamutunga o te faaineineraa ngā "Tetrakok" Kei te whakamahia e mo te werohanga tukutahi ki mate pērā i diphtheria, timu, pertussis, whakamemeke,. Apiti o werohanga taea te rua kaupapa whakamutunga. I roto i tetahi o ratou mo te werohanga whakamahi IPV me OPV mo revaccination, i te tahi atu tā te whakataki o IPV anake.

kano-waha

whakawhanakehia OPV i roto i 1955 e te virologist A. American Sabin. Kei roto te reira i te ora, engari huaketo ngoikore. Waho, te kano ko te wai, tae i roto i te whero ki te aftertaste kawa. whakahaerea ana te kano te waha, instillation, i runga i tona kukū, i 2 ki te 4 pata. tūtohutia Apiti o werohanga ki te whakamemeke mō ngā tamariki i raro i kano kotahi tau e ki te tanu i te pakiaka o te arero ki te karo regurgitation. I roto i te iwi pakeke te Hare ki reira ki runga ki nga tonsils. I muri i te tukanga, i roto i te haora e hiahia ana koe ki te tutakina kai me te inu. Ki te he srygnul tonu te tamaiti, anō-whakaurua te taua horopeta.

Na roto i te kiko lymphoid o te pharynx attenuated huaketo ki te whēkau, te wahi timata ratou ki te tini, i roto i te whakautu tīmata ki nei te pūnaha ārai mate ki te whakaputa i paturopi, e tika ana ki nei i hanga te tinana kei te me te tiaki. A, no te pangia e tenei, kaha huaketo whakamemeke e whakahohe ratou, na e kore e te mate whakawhanake, ranei haere i roto i te tikanga ngāwari, kahore meinga paresis me te pāpāngia.

kano inactivated

I mua, i roto i te 1950, ko reira George. Salk i whakaekea he kano inactivated kei roto huaketo patua. Kei te whakahaerea te reira na roto i te werohia me kua mawheto i te puka o pāhorehore tuku, nga tirotiro o te mea kotahi werohanga ki poliomyelitis. Kei te nuinga o te wā tūtohutia hōtaka werohanga ki te whakamahi i tētahi kano inactivated mo te werohanga. whakahaere IPV te intramuscularly i roto i te huha ringa o runga ranei. I roto i te take o tona whakamahinga kore e hiahiatia ki te mawehe i te kai, me te inu.

Kua whakapumautia rangahau maha e he whai hua kano rua me te hanga i taua mea taea ki te whakawhanake i te kaha wātea i te mate ki taua mate rite whakamemeke. hōtaka kano taea te whakamahi o te kano ngā, i runga i nga āhuatanga takitahi o te tamaiti rānei. te nuinga o e tenei whakatau he tākuta tamariki, ki te whakamātautau tuatahi, me te ki te kohikohi hītori taipitopito hauora. Anake i muri i te tamaiti i te pakeke ranei kua āta uiui e, e uru ia ki te werohanga o taua mate rite te whakamemeke (kano).

hōtaka werohanga

hōtaka Immunisation, i te mea te tuhinga matua ture te rā kano i roto i to tatou whenua titau ki te kia werohia ki te whakamemeke i roto i te maha o ngā wāhanga. I te wa ano i runga i te tuatahi o ratou (werohanga) te whakamahi i kano inactivated, a muri (booster) - ora. whakaaro he kaupapa taua te ki kia tino pai mō te kaha te mate ki te mate.

Ko te kano tuatahi ki te whakamemeke (hōtaka kano ka tauturu i te mau metua taitamariki ki te takoto) ko te IRP raro i te tau o te 3 marama. werohanga Next hoki kawea IPV i 4.5 marama, me te tuatoru (OPV) - 6 marama. Na ka noho booster, ano nei e wahi i roto i toru ngā wāhanga:

• 18 marama (OPV);

• 20 marama (OPV);

• 14 tau (OPV).

He hoki rārangi kano, e whakamahi taka inactivated anake. I roto i tenei take, werohanga ko:

• 3 marama;

• 4.5 marama;

• 6 marama.

Ko te Typhoid e whai ake nei te whakamemeke hōtaka booster e ngā te ngā e whai ake nei:

• 18 marama;

• 6 tau.

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, te whakamahi i hōtaka IPV te ahua poroa. Taua kaupapa e whakamahia ana e nga whenua maha, e kore te mea rāhuitia i Russia.

Me kï reira e ki te neke ko te hōtaka werohanga mo etahi take, e kore te mea e tika ana ki te whakarere i te kano muri. 45 ra, e kua whakaurua rite te wā i waenganui i te maimoatanga, ko te wā iti, a ki te te nui haere te reira, katahi reira ka kia kahore ki te manukanuka. e kore e mutu Te hanganga o te wātea i te mate i roto i tenei wa, a kahore koutou e whai ki te tīmata i te ārainga mate tuatahi. Ko, ki te i mahue tetahi atamira o te werohanga, i taua mate rite polio, hōtaka werohanga noa ki te haere tonu te kaupapa, a kahore e whai ki te tīmata i te ārainga mate tuatahi. I tua atu, kia tuhia te reira e te OPV me IPV he taero whakawhiti.

I tua atu ki te mahi kua whakaritea mō ngā tamariki i roto i Russia whakahaere te me kano o ngā pakeke. Tenei tupu ina haere te tangata ki te wāhi i reira i reira ko te pā nui o te mate, ka rite ki te mehua ārai i roto i te take o te pakarutanga mate ranei.

te tauhohenga kano

Ahakoa te meka e e te tikanga pai nohotahi kano o nāianei, i roto i te whakautu ki te kano kia aru e te tauhohenga takitahi. Ka rite ki te tikanga, OPV he reira kaha. Ka taea te kite i roto i te pāmahana tenei e whakaarahia ki 37,0-37,5 ° i roto i te rua i te wiki i muri i Typhoid. Ano i roto i nga ra e rua kia waiho he korere iti. Ahakoa te meka e he tino onge te tauhohenga taua, he noa te reira, a e kore e rapua e maimoatanga motuhake. Ka rite ki te tikanga, katoa o enei disorders e ratou.

A, no te whakahaere IPV i te wāhi i werohia pea te puku iti, a ka taea ara iti i roto i te pāmahana te tinana, disorders hiahia, manukanuka.

pōauautanga

Ko te pōauautanga tino anake o tenei kano ko te poliomyelitis pararutiki kano-e pā ana - vApp. Aua'e, he reira tino onge. Te reira i te tikanga puta i muri i te whakamahi tuatahi o OPV (i te iti rawa - i te rua o nga werohanga) me puta ki nga āhuatanga katoa o te whakamemeke reira (paresis, pāpāngia, uaua atrophy). Ko te mōrea o VAPP nui i roto i ngā tamariki ki te wātea i te mate iti, hauātanga whanaketanga, noho ki a HIV AIDS ranei, ki te whakamahia ki te werohanga OPV. Ki te karo i tenei ope pōauautanga anake te whakamahia IPV mō te whakatō kano ārai mate.

Note - tangata unvaccinated (ahakoa o tau) te mamae i te mate iti (HIV, AIDS) ranei tango taero, kua tāmia reira e taea te tiki vApp i te uhi tamaiti OPV, mai te marama e rua i muri i te werohanga puha te huaketo i roto i te taiao.

contraindications

Apiti o werohanga ki poliomyelitis mō ngā tamariki miramira te contraindications e whai ake nei ki te ārainga mate:

• mate whakapeka ranei exacerbation o pathologies ma'i - roa werohanga te hoki ake ki te 4 wiki i muri i te ora, i roto i te take o te iti-pūngao e taea te kawea mahaha werohanga i muri māori o pāmahana;

• nui te tauhohenga pāwera ki wāhanga o te kano;

• immunodeficiencies, malignancies, āhua immunosuppressive;

• disorders neurological, i puta i roto i kano o mua.