Ivan Goncharov: Life ko Mahi

Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov - te kaituhi Russian rongonui, i tū i te St Petersburg Academy o Sciences. riro te rongonui nui i roto i taua pukapuka kia rite ki "Open", "noa Story", "Oblomov" me ngā tuhinga hokohoko huringa "frigate Pallada". A, o te akoranga, e matau katoa te tuhinga Goncharov tuhituhi-tino "mamae maranatanga". korero matou ki a koutou e pā ana ki tenei kaituhi nui i roto i te taipitopito.

tamarikitanga o te kaituhituhi

whanau Ivan Goncharov, nei te ora me te mahi e whakaahuatia i roto i tenei tuhinga, i roto i Simbirsk i 1812. no ana matua ki te piha haapiiraa kaihokohoko. I tū Kōhungahunga i te Ivan Goncharov whare nui iti, kei roto i te pokapū o te tāone. Tau matahiti i muri, parau te kaituhi e pā ana ki taua mea i roto i tona kōrero pukapuka mōna "I te kāinga", "awa kōpaka, toa, he niao ki tonu o te paraoa, rai me katoa o kai rerekē hoki to matou utuafare, me utuafare whare witi. Ehara i te mea tika te whenua, me te kainga katoa. " Me ahau mea e te mea i kite ia i roto i tenei whare, whakarewahia i te kuao Goncharov moni i roto i te matauranga o tona ariki, te ara rohe o te ora i mua-whakahou Russia, e pera pono me mahino i whakawhitia i roto i tona pukapuka.

7 tau, no te a Ivan, mate tona papa, ka hoki te mātauranga o Ivan tangohia e matua wairua - Nikolai Tregubov. Ka rite ki te heremana mutu, ka whakanuia e ia e te pai whakaaro arohaehae , me te tuwhera-whakaaro. "Hello hēramana" - na Goncharov, nei haurongo e mohiotia pai ki te pā, ka karanga tona kaiwhakaako. haamana'o Ivan Aleksandrovich: "Ki te whakawhetai Nicholas mo to tatou whakatipu, ka mau toku whaea tiaki o nga mahi katoa i runga i pononga tona ora me ngā wā hanumi Tregubova ki tatou, a ki raro i te mana o Mama, ora matou he utuafare nui.". haere tiaki Intelligent ki Nicholas. Ko te rauemi he wahi o te takoto i runga i nga pokohiwi o te whaea - kaha, ite, hostess pai.

hanganga

I te tuatahi, te taitama Goncharov, te ora me te mahi whakamoemititia i te, i kuraina i te kāinga i raro i te mātakitaki o Tregubova, a ka i roto i te penihana tūmataiti. A, no te i 10 tau te tamaiti, i tonoa e ia ki a Moscow i te onoonoraa o te whaea.

Ko te 8 tau i muri mai, ako Ivan i te kura arumoni. I roto i te heke mai, ka whakaahua i te kaituhi i enei tau kia rite ki te uaua, me te uninteresting. Ahakoa ko tona whanaketanga morare, me te wairua i roto i te tārere ki tonu. lau te tamaiti te rota. ka tuhinga Domestic tona kaiakopono pono. Goncharov (E whakaahuatia poto te ora me te mahi i roto i tenei tuhinga), haamana'o: "Karamzin Ko toku kaiako tuatahi i roto i te whanaketanga o te ao gumaniteta me morare rite te katoa. Ka rite ki hoki rotarota, ko matou koa ana hoa tākaro Ozorovym, Dmitriev, a tae noa Derzhavin Kheraskov whakaputaina e te kura mō te punake ".

Ko te whakapakoko tuatahi

"Eugene Onegin" e Pushkin ka Goncharov me ana hoa i roto i tenei taonga tųpuna. ka mea ia: "Aue, toku Atua! He aha te marama, he aha Horizons makutu whakatuwheratia, me i ite ora te heheuraa me whiti, me te ora, ano, mārama, me te hou, waipuke i roto o tenei tenei haamoriraa ia te pure ora-hoatu te mana! "I mua i te ingoa o te punake nui Goncharov.

Urunga ki te Whare Wānanga

Kua riro Karaehe i te kura fuu mo Ivan, a ka ui ia tona whaea ki te tono mo tona mukunga. I tenei wāhi, ko te tangata taitama waru, a ka anga ka ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki tona heke mai ia. A, mai puta rite te tamaiti e kore e haere ki hea i te weriweri mo tuhituhi kua, Goncharov, nei te ora me te mahi e tu'ati ake, faaoti ki te tomo i te tari-waha o University Moscow. I roto i te 1831 pai ia haere nga whakamātautau me i whakaurua ki reira.

E toru nga tau o ako ko he wā tino nui i roto i tona mahi. I whakaaro te kaituhi heke mai puai - e pā ana ki koe, e pā ana ki te iwi, e pā ana ki te ora. I te wa ano, ako Ivan i te University o Aksakov, Turgenev, Lermontov, Stankevich, Ogarev, Herzen, Belinsky me ētahi atu iwi taitamariki pūmanawa nei tomo tona ingoa i roto i te hītori o te tuhinga Russian.

i muri i te whare wānanga

I puta ia i te whare wānanga i roto i 1834, ka haere te Potters ki Simbirsk taketake, te wahi tatari ia mo te tuahine, whaea me Tregubov. Heoi waia i tamarikitanga pa Ivan patua i runga katoa i te meka e hoki nga tau maha i reira i tetahi mea ke. Ko te kainga hiamoe nui.

i mua i Ahakoa paetahi i te kaituhi heke mai whakatika te whakaaro ki te hoki ki tona kainga tupu mai. ka whakatata ia ora i te pae varua kaha i roto i te pane (St. Petersburg, Moscow). A ahakoa ki te whakatau waiho, ka mau ia, heoi kihai i tonu waiho.

mahi tuatahi

I tenei wa, Goncharov, huahua o te ora, me te mahi i te mea i roto i te hōtaka kura, riro he tuku i te kawana o Simbirsk. hiahia ia mahi te kaituhi heke mai tona hēkeretari tūmataiti. I muri i nui te feaa, me te feaa whakaae Ivan te tuku, engari ko whakaware me te mihikore te mahi. Otiia i matau ia te huarahi o te mahi o te pūnaha uiui e i whai hua ki a ia i muri rite te kaituhi.

Kotahi tekau ma tahi marama i muri mai, ka neke ia ki St Petersburg. timata Ivan ki te hanga ratou heke mai ki o ratou ringa ake, kahore tetahi awhina i te waho. I te taenga, noho ia ki raro, e rite ana he liliu i roto i te Tāhuhu o Finance. i taimaha, me te tino utua te mahi.

I muri mai, ka e ia hoa ki te whānau Maikova whakaako e rua tama pakeke, tuhinga Russian ki te reo Roma. Whare Maikova Ko te pokapū ahurea ngā o St Petersburg. Katoa ra e haere tatou ki nga kaitoi, kaiwaiata me kaituhi.

Ko te timatanga o te auahatanga

Neke atu i te wā Goncharov "fakamamahi maranatanga" e tonu tetahi o nga mahi tino rongonui ka ho'i kōrero ki te fifi whaiāipo o tūturu toi kāinga Maikova. Ka taea te huaina 40s te timatanga o tona mahi. Ko te wa nui i roto i ngā o te whanaketanga o te tuhinga Russian me te hapori i roto i te whānui. Na ka tutaki te kaituhi ki Belinsky. fakaanga nui nui taonga te wairua Mir Ivana Aleksandrovicha ka whakakitea faahiahia mo kāhua tuhituhi, puritia e Goncharov. "Fakamamahi maranatanga" te kaituhi i maioha rawa nui Belinsky.

I roto i te 1847, whakaputaina "Kōrero noa" i roto i "Contemporary". I roto i tenei pūrākau, te aroaro te pakanga i waenganui i romanticism me te talena i roto i te puka o te pakanga nui o te ora Russian. Tapa te ingoa kumea ana te kaituhi aro o te kaipānui ki te tukanga angamaheni, kitea i roto i te mea hanga.

World tour

I 1852 i waimarie ki te tiki i te kaituhituhi ki te mahi ki te tumuaki-admiral Putyatin Goncharova. Heoi haere ana te kaituhi ki te haere huri noa i te ao i runga i te manuao "Pallada". I whakaakona Putyatin ki te tirotiro i te taonga Russian i roto i Amerika (Alaska) me ki whakapumautia hokohoko, me te tōrangapū whanaunga ki Japan. Ko kē Ivan Aleksandrovich i te anaanatae o te plurality o ngā wheako e ka haafaufaa tona mahi. Goncharov "fakamamahi maranatanga" Ko tonu rawa rongonui, i te ra wawe te rātaka taipitopito whakahaere. Enei pitopito kōrero i te pūtake o tona pukapuka ahu "frigate" Pallada "." haere mai ia i te 1855, ka hoki te kaituhi ki St. Petersburg, a ka pai riro e kaipānui.

Engari kia rite ki te mahi Ivan Aleksandrovich rite te tu re i roto i te Tāhuhu o Finance, ko ia i roto i te tūranga rorirori. Ko te rāngai whakamua o te hapori kihai i pōwhiri tona tari. Whakatupu o te whakaaro noa, me te māngai o te mana kinongia - e te aha ko ia hoki te nuinga o Goncharov. tata te te pūrākau "Oblomov" i rite, otiia kihai i taea e Ivan Aleksandrovich no o te kore o te wā whakaoti reira. Heoi ka waiho e ia te Tāhuhu o Finance me te tino arotahi ki runga i te umanga tuhituhi.

whaipua o auahatanga

"Goncharov pūrākau" Oblomov "" - ko tuhia nei i runga i te taupoki o te maha mano pukapuka whakaputaina i roto i te tau 1859. I whakakitea te whakarau o te huru mata rite te āhuatanga pāpori e kore anake, engari ano hoki i rite te ahua o te māramatanga taumauri o te huru motu. hanga te kaituhi te kitea toi. tomo tenei pūrākau te huahua o te ora, me te mahi o Goncharova rite ana mahi tino kōhure. Otiia kihai i Ivan Aleksandrovich hiahia ki te noho mangere, ka fana'o i te kororia. Na reira, ka anga ahau mahi i runga i te pūrākau hou - "Open". Ko tenei mahi tona tamaiti, i whakaarahia nei e ia kia rite ki te nui rite 20 tau.

Ko te pūrākau whakamutunga

mate hinengaro, ngā paheketanga - i tukua i ratou i roto i nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora Goncharov, nei te ora me te mahi i te tino hua. "Whakatūwhera" - ko reira te mahi nui whakamutunga o te kaituhituhi. I muri oti Ivan Aleksandrovich runga ake mahi ia, ka anga ia ki te ora noa uaua. O te akoranga, hiahia ia ki te tuhituhi i te pukapuka hou, engari ki a ia, a kihai i tīmata. Ia i tuhituhi te riaka, me te āta tonu. pinepine amuamu hoa e kua kore wa ki matau hohonu nga ngā nohopuku-e rerengia ana o te ora o nāianei. hiahiatia e ia wa mo to ratou iteraa. tuhituhi e toru katoa o te kaituhi o te pukapuka i mua i-Reform Russia, i matau ia maitai. Ko te mau ohipa o te tau i muri mai i matau kino Ivan Aleksandrovich, a ka i ia e kore kaha morare ranei tinana ki to ratou ako hohonu. Otiia, kei te kaha rata ia ki ētahi atu kaituhi, a kihai i waiho i te mahi auaha.

Kua oti te tuhituhi e ia te maha o ngā tuhinga roa: "I roto i te rawhiti o Siberia", "Journey haere te Täingäwai", "Evening Literary" me te tini ke atu. i whakaputaina murimatetia etahi. utu hoki te tuhituhi i te maha o ana mahi tino. Tenei ko nga huahua tino rongonui Goncharov "mamae maranatanga", "pai mutunga atu i kore", "nota i runga i Belinsky", me ētahi atu e mau pai ratou ki te meatanga o te faaino Russian rite tauira matarohia o te whakaaro tuhituhi me te rerehua ..

mate

I te timatanga o Mahuru 1891 (Kua whakaahuatia poto te ora me te mahi i roto i tenei tuhinga) Goncharov matao. E toru nga ra i muri mai, i anake, ka mate te kaituhi nui. i tanumia Ivan Alexandrovich i urupā St Nicholas o te Alexander Nevsky pakiki (i muri i te hawhe rau o pungarehu o te kaituhi i whakawhitia i roto i te Volkov urupā). I roto i te "Journal o Europe" kotahi puta poroporoaki: ". Ka rite ki Saltykov, Ostrovsky, Aksakov, Herzen, Turgenev, Goncharov, ka waiho i runga i te tūranga ārahi i roto i ta tatou mau papai tonu"