Ko te mimiti haere o Czechoslovakia: hītori, take me mau hopearaa. Tau o te whakakorenga o Czechoslovakia

Ko te hui nui i roto i te hītori o hou Europe, te mahuetanga o Czechoslovakia. Ko te take hoki tenei e rite policheskoy, hōia, me te āhuatanga ōhanga i roto i te whenua. Tekau tau wehe te Czech Republic ko Slovakia i te rā o te afa. Ko tenei te take ko te kaupapa o te rangahau kaha o hītori, pūtaiao tōrangapū, me te tahi atu tohunga.

.: 1968 tiango o te preconditions

Ko te mimiti haere o Czechoslovakia puta i roto i te 1993. Heoi, i whakatakotoria nui mua te kōhanga o tenei hui. te hononga Soviet Arima, Te Tai Rāwhiti Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary ko Poland, ki te maha katoa o 650 mano. Soldiers, whakaekea te po o August 20-21, 1968 Czechoslovakia, a nohoia te whenua. i hua hopu o hanganga whakahaere te whenua o (Dubcek, Cernik ko Freedom). Feia faatere noho i kihai nui ki te mahi tahi. tamata civilians ki whakaatu ātete, e pā ana ki 25 civilians patua i roto i te waenganui o whakaaturanga anti-Soviet. rapu ārahitanga Soviet ki te hanga i runga i te rohe o Czechoslovakia, te kāwanatanga Soviet-tautokona. I raro i enei tikanga, nui haere mana motuhake o Slovakia i roto i nga rohe o te āhua e hānga ana hou, i kauwhautia ki te tīmatanga o 1969.

Revolution i roto i Czechoslovakia i 1989

Na roto i te mutunga o 1980. nui haere Czechoslovakia autocracy whakaahunga tūmatanui o te rōpū hapori. I roto i te tau 1989 i roto i Prague i Hānuere ki Mahuru, i reira kua maha whakaaturanga e marara e te pirihimana. Ko te kaha matua i whakatupato ākonga. ki Mahuru 17, 1989 te nuinga o tona taimaha patua nga ara, a he tokomaha i mea patu e ngā pirihimana, te whare wānanga i roto i tenei wa kua katia. Tenei hui ko te hiringa ki te mahi. Pūkenga me ngā ākonga haere i runga i patu. Union o pato'iraa katoa - "Forum Civic" - Whiringa 20 i raro i te aronga o Vatslava Gavely (whakaahua i raro nei) ka karanga hoki amuamu papatipu. I te mutunga o te marama, e pā ana ki 750 mano. O demonstrators ka mau ki nga ara o Prague, a ka ui te rīhainatanga o te kāwanatanga. I tutuki te whāinga: taea ki te tu i te pēhanga, mahue te peresideni pou Gustav Husak rihaina, he maha rangatira. Events haere mai huringa rangimarie o te faatereraa o Czechoslovakia kia huaina ki "revolution wereweti". Ko te takahanga o 1989 tīmatanga te mimiti haere o Czechoslovakia.

Election o 1989-1990.

Kua whiriwhiria kiea Post-hapori i hanga wahi o te kāwanatanga he akoranga o te oraraa motuhake. I roto i 1989, i roto i te mutunga o Hakihea, te Runanga Federal ki whiriwhiri i te peresideni o Czechoslovakia Vatslava Gavela, rite tiamana - Dubcheka Aleksandra. ko Assembly he tinana māngai i roto i te tirohanga o te rīhainatanga o te maha nui o tahi-optation me tōrangapū nekehanga o nga Kominiusi "Civic Forum" me "Public ki te tutu."

Gavel Vatslav i tanguru 1990, tae i roto i Moscow, a riro te whakapāha i te kāwanatanga Soviet mo nga ngā o 1968, ka kawea ope Soviet i huakina patu. I tua atu, ka fakapapau'i ia e ka kia mawehe atu nga ope hōia o te USSR i te mutunga o Hōngongoi 1991 i Czechoslovakia.

I roto i te puna o 1990, haere te Runanga Federal he maha o ture e tukua e te whakahaere o te hinonga tūmataiti, me i whānui kua whakaae ki te kawe i roto i te hokotanga o hinonga ahumahi, āhua-fatuhia. I roto i te tīmatanga o Hune, ko te pupuri o pōtitanga free, i roto i te mea reira 96% o te katoa maha o ngā kaipōti. Ki te painga nui odezhali riro tōrangapū nekehanga kaitono "Civic Forum" me "Public ki te tutu." riro ratou neke atu i 46% o te pōti, me te nuinga o te Runanga Federal. Ko te tokomaha tuarua rawa o ngā pōti i Kominiusi nei whiriwhiria te 14% o tangata. tangohia wahi Tuatoru i te taha o te whakakotahi tënei o nga wehenga Democratic Karaitiana. Hōngongoi 5, 1990 i runga i te wā tau-rua i roto i te tari i te Assembly Federal hou anō-pōtitia Gavela Vatslava me Dubcheka Aleksandra (whakaahua i raro nei) -, aua, ki te tūranga o te heamana.

kaupapa Split "Society ki te tutu"

Ko te mimiti haere o Czechoslovakia, whakapumautia i roto i Maehe 1991, ka i reira ko he pakaru i roto i te kaupapa tōrangapū "Public ki Violence", me te hua e te nuinga o nga rōpū wehea i hanga te rōpū "Movement mo te Democratic Slovakia". I maoro i reira ko he pakaru i roto i te rarangi o "Civil Forum" ki te hanganga o e toru ngā rōpū, tetahi o i ko te "Civic Democratic Party." Mau a'oraa i waenganui i Slovakia me te Czech Republic i anō i roto i Pipiri 1991. Na roto i taua wa, kua tae mai te kaiārahi o "te Civic Democratic Party" ki te mutunga e kore e te hui hua hua pai, kia kia whakaaro tatou i te horopaki o "Divorce wereweti".

"Pakanga Tohuhono"

Kua whakatere te matenga o te tikanga hapori i roto i 1989 i te mau ohipa i rongo te tiango o Czechoslovakia. Ko te kau taki i te Czech Republic hiahia ki te kī i te ingoa tuhituhi rite te kupu kotahi, i to ratou opponetov - Slovakia - tohe tuhituhi defisnom. Te aufauraa i takoha ki te mau mana'o motu o te iwi Silovākiá, i roto i April 1990 whakaaetia te Runanga Federal he ingoa mōhiohio hou o Czechoslovakia: te Czech ko Slovak Federal Republic (CSFR). whakahaere nga rōpū ki te tae te ngāwari, rite taea te ingoa reo Slovak o te State kia tuhituhia ki te tohuwehe, pera i roto i Czech - tahi.

"Ko e Ngahere Czechoslovak"

I runga i te whakakorenga o Czechoslovakia, a te awe te putanga o ngā whiriwhiringa o minita pirimia o kāwanatanga motu o Slovakia me te Czech Republic - Vladimir Meciar me Vatslava Klausa. ka mau te hui wahi i roto i Brno i te Villa Tugendhat i 1992. E ai ki nga pukapuka o te whai wāhi ka mau Miroslav Matzek Václav Klaus te poari taioma, a puritia he aho poutū, tohu e te runga ko te āhua poutū, me i te raro - te wehenga. puritia reira therebetween whānui whānui e ngā te Kotahitanga me te kotahitanga. ka whakatika te pātai rite i ki te mea wahi o te tauine kua taea ki te whakatau? Na ko te wāhi i raro i tenei wahi, te tikanga o te reira "vete". E kore e te kōrero mutu noa kihai i haere mai Václav Klaus ki te mutunga i whakaaro nga tikanga e he pai ko tāna hoki Silovaki i kore ara kia manakohia mo te Czechs. Ko te mimiti haere o Czechoslovakia Ko reira kitea. ko Villa Tugendhat mo e State Svoge ahua o Belovezhskaya Pushcha. kihai i atu whiriwhiringa i whakahaeretia i runga i te tiaki o te Kotahitanga. I muri i te hua o te hui takawaenga i hainatia mahi ture, i whakaritea te tika ture ki te whakawhiti i te mana rangatira matua o te lepupilika.

"Te faataaraa wereweti"

Tau tata whakakorenga o Czechoslovakia. puritia pōtitanga whānui i roto i te whenua i roto i Hune 1992. Kua riro "Movement mo te Slovakia Democratic" te nuinga o ngā pōti i roto i Slovakia me "Civic Democratic Party" - i roto i te Czech Republic. He he he tono ki te waihanga konferederatsiyu, engari kihai i tautoko ai i "te Civic Democratic Party."

karangatia te mana arii o Slovakia i Hōngongoi 17, 1992 te Slovak National Kaunihera. Ko te rīhainatanga o te peresideni Gavel Vatslav. I roto i te ngahuru 1992, he wahi nui o te mana tūmatanui kua homai ki te Republic. Te Federal Assembly i te mutunga o Whiringa 1992 e tika e toru ngā pōti whakaaetia te ture, e provoglashal matenga o te Kotahitanga Czechoslovak. Ahakoa te mauähara i runga i te wahi o te nuinga o te Silovaki me Czechs, i waenganui po Hakihea 31, 1992, ka haere mai ngā rōpū e rua ki te whakatau i runga i te whakakorenga o te Kotahitanga. Ko te mimiti haere o Czechoslovakia puta i te tau, i ko te wāhi tīmata i roto i te aamu o te āhua hou hanga e rua - te Slovak Republic me te Czech Republic.

i muri i te afa

te hau wahia State kia rua nga wahi motuhake. Ko te mimiti haere o Czechoslovakia ki te Czech Republic ko Slovakia pānga whakahē i runga i te whanaketanga atu o nga whenua e rua. I roto i te wā poto o te Czech Republic i taea ki te whakaturia i roto i te motini hanganga uruhi i roto i te ōhanga, me te ki te hanga i tētahi ōhanga mākete whai hua. ko te take te whakatau i e whakaaetia te āhua hou ki te riro i te mema o te Pākehā Union tenei. I roto i te 1999, piri te Czech Republic nga rarangi o te kimi huarahi hōia Te Tai Tokerau Atlantic. huringa Economic i roto i Slovakia i reira nga matatini ake me pōturi, te pātai o tona rironga ki te Pākehā Union i maia ki pōauautanga. Na anake i roto i te 2004 ka tomo reira ki tona hanganga, a meinga ana ia hei mema o NATO.