Tamariki o Catherine te nui. Te Poari me te ora te taata iho o Catherine te nui

Russian Empress Catherine II, hoki e mohiotia ana te nui, i kingi ai i 1762, te tau o 1796-th. tautooraa Own tino kua ia whakawhānuitia te Russian Empire, kua tino pai ake te pūnaha whakahaere, me te kaha whaia he kaupapa here o Westernization, e pā ana ki te tukanga o te whakawhitinga ki ngā whakaaro me ngā tikanga Western. I roto i nga ra o Catherine kua riro Russia o te nui te whenua, kaua nui. taea whakataetae reira ki nga mana nui o Uropi, a Ahia.

Childhood o te Empress nui heke mai

Catherine II, whanau Sophia Friederike Auguste, i whanau i runga i April 21, 1729 i roto i te rangatiratanga iti Tiamana i roto i te pa o Sitētini, Prussia (inaianei Shetsin, Poland). Tona papa Christian August o Anhalt-Zerbst ko te rangatira o te mana iti. mahi Military hanga e ia ki te Frederick William te Tuatahi.

Mother Catherine - Princess Elizaveta Golshteyn-Gottorp. I tumanako ngā mātua o te kotiro te ahua o te kainga, a na reira kihai i whakaatu aroha motuhake mo tona tamahine. Engari, he ratou te nuinga o te wa, me te pūngao i oti rawa ki tana tama William, e, kāore, i muri ka mate i te tau o ma rua nga tau.

Mātauranga me te tatanga ki te kaitiaki tamariki

Ka rite ki te tamaiti, i tata rawa ki tona kaiwhakaako Babette te heke mai Catherine II. I muri, te Empress māfana tonu e pā ana ki a ia. Tuhinga kotiro kuraina o aua kaupapa e i hiahiatia ia i runga i te mana me te take. Ko te karakia (Lutheranism), hītori, Wīwī, Tiamana, me te ara Russian, i te mea rawa whai hua i muri. A, o te akoranga, waiata.

Na pau tona tamarikitanga Ekaterina Velikaya. whakaahua poto ona tau o noho i te kāinga, ka taea e tatou te mea e kahore he mea rerekē e pā ana ki te kotiro kihai i taea i tupu. Life tipu ake Catherine whakaaro rawa hōhā, a kihai ia i mohio ka e ki mua o ia e tatari ana mo te mōrearea whakaongaonga - he haere ki te mata tawhiti o te kei.

Tae i roto i Russia, te timatanga o te ora te utuafare e aore

Kia tupu ake Catherine, ka kite tona whaea i roto i te nekehanga o tana tamahine te tikanga te arawhata pāpori, me te whakapai ake i te āhuatanga i roto i te utuafare. I ia te rota o whanaunga, a awhinatia ana e ia ki te mahi i te rapu tino o te tane e tika ana. I te wa ano i pera i tuhia e kite ia i roto i te faaipoiporaa tikanga haamouraa pai ki te mawhiti i te mana o te whaea ora Catherine o te nui.

A, no te a Catherine rima, karangatia Empress Elizaveta Petrovna ia i roto i Russian, kia taea e ia hei te wahine o te kainga ki te torona - te Grand Duke Pita III. Ko ia tamarikitanga teeki me piro o ono. A, no te ia haere mai ki a Russia, hinga ia tonu kino ki kiripūkahu, e tata whakamatea ia.

ora whakawhetai ki toto auau, i tohe Elizabeth Elizaveta Petrovna. Otiia ko tona whaea ki tenei mahi, a no te mea o taua hinga ki whakama ki te Empress. Heoi, te taenga atu ano Catherine whakahokia mai a ka mau te whakapono Siu, ahakoa ngā whakahē a tona papa - pureraa Lutheran, ka moea e ia te rangatira taitamariki. A ki te karakia hou riro ia ingoa ki tetahi - Katherine. ka mau enei ngā katoa wahi i roto i 1745, me e ko e founga te kōrero o Catherine timata te nui.

Tau o te ora o te utuafare, e aore rite te hoa faaipoipo tākaro ki hoia takawairore

Hoko i te mema e rua tekau-tuatahi o te whānau kingi i roto i August, timata Catherine ki kakahu te taitara o Princess. Otiia tahuri tona faaipoiporaa i roto i ki te kia tino oaoa. Tane o Catherine ko te nui he tangata taitama teeki nei, hei utu o te haamau'araa i te wā ki tana wahine ake, pai ki te takaro ki te hoia ha'uti. pau He Empress heke mai te wa whakangahau koe i roto i te tahi atu ohipa faaoaoa, pānui.

Count Andrei Shuvalov, nei i ruma Catherine, i mohio ahau ki te memoirist James Boswell, a ka ako ia i te tatau kōrero tupu o te ora o te ariki. Ētahi o ēnei hau i roto ngā mōhiohio e hohoro i muri i marena ki mau a Pita ki tona rangatira Elizabeth Vorontsova. Ko a Catherine i muri e kore i roto i te nama. i kitea ia i roto i nga whanaunga ki Sergei Saltykov, Grigoriem Orlovym, Stanislavom Ponyatovskim me ētahi atu.

Ko te ahua o te kainga-maoro-hia

ka mau te reira i te maha o nga tau i mua i hoatu te Empress heke whanau ki te kainga. Tama a Catherine te nui, a Paora, i whanau i runga i te rua tekau o Mahuru 1754. kua matuatanga o te tamaiti kua te kaupapa o te taupatupatu e kore e mutu. He maha kaipūtaiao te hunga e whakapono e i roto i te meka papa o te tamaiti - e kore tana tahu o Catherine te nui, me Sergei Saltykov - rangatira nui Russian me te mema o te marae. Etahi tautohe rite Pita, ko wai te mea tona papa e titiro te tamaiti.

I roto i tetahi take, a Catherine kahore wa mo tona matamua-whanau, a hohoro ka mau a reira Elizaveta Petrovna ki tona whakatipu. Ahakoa te meka i ko rahua te marena, e kore te reira e taumaru iho e te hinengaro me ngā ngākau nuitanga tōrangapū Catherine. tonu te wahine taitamariki kanapa ki te pānui i te rota, rawa i roto i French. aroha ia pakimaero, ngā whakaari me ngā rotarota, engari ko te nuinga hiahia i roto i te mahi o nga whika nui o te French Māmá pērā i Diderot, Voltaire me Montesquieu.

Maoro, ka hapu Catherine te tamaiti tuarua, Anna, ko wai e ora marama e wha anake. kihai i tama a Catherine te nui, no te mea o hau e pā ana ki te moepuku o te Empress heke mai meinga Pita III o mana'o mahana. i ruarua te tangata i ko ia to ratou papa koiora. O te akoranga, paopao Catherine taua whakapae hoa, ka pai ki te noho te nuinga o te wa i roto i tona boudoir, kia huna i tona huru piro.

I roto i tetahi taahiraa o te torona

I muri i te matenga o Empress Elizabeth, e mate Hakihea 25, 1761, i muri tahu a Catherine ki te torona, ka Pita III, ia Catherine ia kua riro te taitara o Empress. Otiia i ora tonu te tokorua wehe. kahore ki te mahi ki te poari te Empress i. Ko nuitia nanakia ki tana wahine Pita. kingi e ia te āhua me ratou mistresses.

Otiia ko Ekaterina Velikaya he wahine tino hao ki aravihi nui hinengaro. tumanako ia e i roto i te wa ka haere mai te katoa taua ki te mana, me te whakahaere tikanga Russia. Rerekē tana tane tamata Catherine ki te whakaatu i to ratou piri pono ki te kāwanatanga, me te whakapono Siu. Ka rite ki ia riro tika i āwhina reira ki a ia te tango i te wahi e kore e anake i runga i te torona, engari ano hoki ki te mau i te tautoko e tika ana o te iwi Russian.

Whakatakotoria ana ki tona wahine ake

I muri i te marama torutoru o tona kingitanga Pita te tuatoru whakahaere ki te tiki i te paihere o hoariri i roto i te kāwanatanga i roto i te hōia, me te feia faatere o te hahi rawa. I te po o Hune 28, i whakatupu te he 1762 Ekaterina Velikaya ki tona aroha, Grigori Orlov, mahue ia te whare, a haere ana ki te Izmailovo Regiment, i ngā te hoia ki te kupu i roto i ai ka ui ia ki ki te tiaki ia i tona wahine ake.

Ko te kupu i hanga reira he e whakatakotoria ana ki a Pita III. i takoha rangatira ki te haina i te tuhinga o te Tuhinga, a i roto i te rangatiratanga o Paora tama Catherine a te nui. A, no te kia reira ko Empress rite Regent ki tona tau. Na Pita tata i muri i notia te hopu i tona ake kaitiaki. Pea whakahau reira Ekaterina ki te patu tangata, engari te taunakitanga o tona hara kahore.

haere mai pono moe

Mai taua wa te kingitanga o Catherine te nui. I roto i te tīmatanga o nga tau utu reira he mōrahi o te wā ki te whakarite i te pakeke o tona tūranga i runga i te torona. i pai te mōhio e reira he iwi e whakaaro reira he usurper nei ka mau te mana ke Catherine. Na reira, kei te kaha whakamahia reira te whai wāhi iti ki te riro i te manakohia o te hanahana, me te hōia.

Ko te kaupapa here ke, i mohio Catherine te nui e hiahia Russia o te rangimarie, he wā roa i roto i te tikanga ki te aro i runga i ngā take kāinga. Na anake i taea te whiwhi tenei ao i kaupapa here ke tupato. A ki te kawe i te reira i roto i whiriwhiria Ekaterina Count Nikita Panin, i tino pai nei matau i roto i nga mea o take ke.

ora whaiaro kāhuirangi Catherine

E whakaatu ana Portrait o Catherine te nui tatou ia rite te wahine pai-titiro rawa, a kore i maere katoa e kua ora whaiaro o te Empress kua tino kanorau.

kihai i taea e Catherine kati, no te mea e hopohopo ai tona tūranga.

E ai ki te nuinga o ngā kairangahau, te kōrero o Catherine te nui kua pā ana ki te hunga i aroha tatini, ia maha haapae atoa ngā homai, hōnore me ngā taitara i roto i te tikanga ki te riro ratou manakohia.

Makau, me pehea ranei ki te whakarite i to ratou koroheketanga

I muri mutu te take ki a Catherine kaitohutohu Grigoriem Aleksandrovichem Potemkinym, rite tupu te reira i roto i 1776, ka whiriwhiria e te Empress te tangata nei i ataahua tinana kore anake, engari ano hoki maramarama faahiahia. Ko Alexander Dmitriyev-Mamonov. Ko te tino atawhai ki a ia tokomaha i aroha o te Empress, a kua whakaaturia tonu Ekaterina Velikaya ohaoha ki a ia, ara i muri i nga hononga katoa.

Hei tauira, kotahi o ana i aroha ai - e rima tekau mano moni, he penihana o rima mano me wha mano peasants i muri i to ratou hononga mutu (tupu te reira i roto i 1777) ka - Pita Zavadovsky. Ko te whakamutunga o ana i aroha ai maha - Prince Zubov, nei ko teina atu te Empress mō te wha tekau nga tau.

Na te aha e pā ana ki nga tama a Catherine te nui? Kei roto e rave rahi makau reira ko kahore tetahi e hoatu ana e ia tetahi atu tama tamahine ranei? Ranei e ko Paora ia tamaiti anake?

Catherine te nui, whanau ki makau tamariki

A, no te mate te Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, ko e ono nga marama hapu e Grigory Orlov Catherine. whanau te tamaiti i te mea ngaro i April katoa 11, 1762 i roto i te wahi mamao o te whare. Tona faaipoiporaa ki a Pita III i taua wa i tino whakangaromia, a ia maha te puau ei I te marae ki tona rangatira.

Catherine Chamberlain Basil Shkurin me tana wahine ka mau te tamaiti ki roto ki tona whare. Catherine timata te kingitanga nui ka ko te tamaiti he torutoru anake nga marama. hoki te reira ki te whare. timata te koati ki te oaoa i te tamarikitanga tonu i raro i te mātakitaki o ratou matua - Catherine ko Gregory. timata Orlov whakamahi tamaiti e ngana ana ki te pana Ekaterina mō te faaipoiporaa.

whakaaro ia rawa te roa, me te pakeke, engari tonu ka mau a Panina Kaunihera, e mea e kore Mrs. Orlova e whakaaetia ki te tohutohu i te āhua Russian. A kihai Catherine i maia ki te marena Grigory Orlov. A, no te riro Alex he taiohi, ka haere ia ki te haere ki waho. roa Journey mō te kotahi tekau nga tau. I muri hoki mai ki a Russia tama whiwhi rite te mea homai i te whenua o tona whaea, a ka anga ki te ako i te Cadet Tapu Corps.

Ko te mana o nga makau mo nga take o te kāwanatanga

E ai ki ētahi atu raraunga hītori, i Poniatowski Empress hoatu ia whanau ki te tamaiti, me te kotiro, ko nga tama a Catherine anake e pā ana ki ono marama i ora ai te nui. Kua kore i mohio ratou nuitia. Te nuinga o makau Catherine o te nui haere mai i te mau utuafare rangatira, ka i taea ki te hanga i tētahi mahi tōrangapū tino. Hei tauira, ka Stanisław Poniatowski te kingi o Poland i 1764.

Ko tetahi o te Catherine e arohaina kihai i whakamahi ratou mana rite ki te whakaawe kaupapa here tūmatanui. Te kore Gregory Potemkin, Catherine te nui ki i hono mana'o hohonu rawa. He maha ngā tohunga ara titau e mutu te faaipoiporaa ngaro i waenganui o te Empress me Potemkin i 1774.

Ekaterina Velikaya, te rangatiratanga i kawea painga nui ki te āhua Russian, puta noa i noho tona ora te wahine te here, me te aroha.

Ratonga Basic ki te āhua Russian

A ahakoa i te aroha i roto i te ora Catherine i te wahi nui, e kore mana'o taumarumaru iho ngā pānga tōrangapū. Kua tonu te Empress mahi pakeke ki te ako i te reo Rusia ki te whānuitanga pēnei i ki te tango i to ratou aronga tino whenumi ahurea Russian ka taukei nga ritenga, me te āta ako i te hītori o te kingitanga. whakaahua Historical o Catherine te nui tohu e ko ia he rangatira rawa mātau.

I roto i tona kingitanga, atu Catherine nga rohe o te Russian Empire ki te tonga me te hauauru tata 520 000 kiromita tapawha. Kua riro te āhua te kaha tino i roto i te wahi te tonga-rawhiti o Europe. whakaora maha i runga i te mua hōia tukua te Empire ki te riro te uru ki te Moana Black.

Ano, i roto i te 1768, i runga i te assignation Bank i tēra i ki tuku i te moni pepa kāwanatanga tuatahi. i whakatuwheratia taua pūtahi i St Petersburg ko Moscow, a muri i hanga i roto i te tahi atu pa o pēke manga.

utua Catherine aro nui ki te mātauranga me te whakangungu o te iwi taitamariki o tane e rua. i whakatuwheratia Moscow Foundling Hospital, hohoro whakapumautia Empress Smolny Institute mo Noble kotiro. ako ia ariā mātauranga ki te mahi o ētahi atu whenua, me te kua tīmataria maha hanganga mātauranga. A ko reira whakatakotoria Catherine te titauraa ki te whakatū kura i roto i te wahi porowini o te Russian Empire.

Empress patronized tonu te ora ahurea o te whenua, me te whakaatu ngākau pono ki te whakapono Siu me āhua. utu te reira i aro mōrahi ki te roha o pūtahi mātauranga, me te whakanui ake i te kaha ōhanga. Ko e whakatakoto tikanga ana i muri i Catherine te nui? Ko wai ka haere i runga i tona ara ki roto ki te whanaketanga o te kāwanatanga?

Nga ra whakamutunga o te kingitanga. kainga pea ki te torona

Hoki i ngā tau, ko Catherine II te rangatira tino o te kāwanatanga Russian. Ko tenei wa katoa i ia he hononga rawa tanukutanga ki tana tama ake - te kainga ki Pavel. i pai te mōhio e he e taea ki te whakawhiti te mana ki te ringa o tana tama te Empress.

Ekaterina Velikaya, te kingitanga i mutu i waenganui-Whiringa 1796, ua faaoti ki te hanga i tona mono mokopuna Alexander. Ko tenei te wahi i kite ia i te rangatira heke mai, me te māfana tukinotia ia. i te whakarite Empress tona mokopuna ki te kingitanga o mahi tona mātauranga. Ano, te whakahaere noa ia ki te marena Alexander, i te auraa i te mai o tau me te kaha ki te tango i te nohoanga i runga i te torona.

Ahakoa tenei, i muri i te matenga o Catherine II ki te awhina o tetahi tukipoto whare, te tama a te Empress, ka mau tuatahi Paora te wahi o te kainga ki te torona. Ko te kupu, ko ia te kaiwhakahaere o te kingitanga i muri Catherine te nui mo te rima tau kua hipa.