Hanganga waipēhi: momo me te whakarōpūtanga, whakaahua

He ngā hanganga waipēhi, momo, me te whakarōpū i kōrero te whānui o te whakamahi whānui. Tetahi o hanga ki runga ki te wai enei hanganga - i awa me ngā roto ki te moana manawa whenua ranei - ka e tika i roto i te tikanga ki te ārai i te mana haamou o te huānga wai. He ona ake ngā āhuatanga, me te mahi o te hanganga ia pūnaha.

Kia pehea te Whakaröpütia?

I raro i E matau waihanga engineering waipēhi pūnaha e tukua he whakamahi pai o nga rauemi wai , me te ārai i te pānga kino o te wai i te taikaha i roto i te taiao. pūnaha hou katoa (irrigation, wai kei, irrigation) huaina "pūnaha wai hoki". Types me te whakarōpū o ratou, i runga i nga āhuatanga o te tāutanga, me te mahi o te whai ake rānei:

• moana, roto, awa harotoroto ranei;
• mata ranei raro;
• mahi e te rängai te wai;
• whakamahia e te ahumahi rerekē.

pūnaha wai hoki Modern - tenei katua, me te katua me spillways, me kokorutanga wai me takere. I roto i te whānui, i tetahi pūnaha tāutatia e te i runga i te tinana wai.

mauhanga, te wai

Water pupuri hanganga waipēhi he hanganga e taea te whakamahi ki te whakarato te waihanga i tētahi rerekētanga pēhanga i waenganui i te ranei taumata wai i roto i te mua o me muri te whaea. mea Tohunga e te tikanga wai i roto i te rohe backwater rerekē i runga i nga tikanga te huarere o te rohe. Vodpodpornye pūnaha wai hoki - he reira tino nui ki te hanga i te hangatanga o ngā pāpuni, rite pūkete ratou mo te kawenga nui e tika ana ki te pēhanga wai. Ki te kore katoa o te hanganga hono pukepuke wai huaki tata, i te pēhanga o te mua wai ka kia uaua ki te whakahaere, me tenei e taea arahi ki nunu'a fakamamahi.

rere Water

hanganga Water tuku ngā o kainga, spillway, putanga me takere. Tenei pūnaha wai hoki e mahi ana ki te whakawhiti wai ki te ngā whakaritea. aro takitahi, ngā pūnaha horomanga wai e tango wai i te awa ki a whakaorangia ana e ia ki nga whakaurunga huringa, supply wai me te irrigation. Ratou mahi - ki te whakarite i te wai haere ki te awakeri i roto i te moni i whakaritea, i te nui, me te kounga o te whakamahi wai hōtaka, aua. Tei runga i te wahi hanganga horomanga wai e taea e:

• kawea tangohanga wai i roto i te taumata mata noa;: mata
• Hōhonu: Tuhinga hanga i raro i te taumata o te mata noa;
• raro: tangohia te te wai i te wahi i raro o te awaawa;
• aho roa: ki te taua taiepa hanga whakamana ki te maha taumata o te wai - ko reira ti'aturi i runga i tona taumata i roto i te awa ki te wai, me te ki runga ki tona kounga i te hohonu rerekē.

Nuinga o ngā wā eke i runga i te pūnaha wai hoki awa wai horomanga. E whakaatu ana Photography e taea taua hanganga kia tiketike iti ranei.

Tuhinga Water mō ngā Faarii

Tei runga i te momo o te pūtake, kia awa kainga, roto, moana, i te awa. I roto i te whakaaro awa tino rongonui e pūru, māngi, moenga awa, e taea te ngā i te teihana köurarangi ranei Maunga ratou takitahi:

• Me tāuta Shore tāutanga, ki te he pari te pēke. Tenei hoahoa - arā, o te raima raima ranei ki te pūnaha wai hoki diameter horomanga nui. E whakaatu ana Photo oroko te taiepa mua ki runga i te tātahi.
• E hoatu pūnaha Fluvial i runga i nga takutai ngawari, me te rerekē taiepa mutunga, te whakautu a i roto i te awa.
• He waka papa whakanoho iho ki te papu tangohia i roto i nei te wai i te awa, me te putorino, uta ranei Māngi hanganga Pontoon.
• pūnaha horomanga peere tango wai i te awa ki kei runga i uta peere.

ture

pūnaha wai hoki ture - he aha te mea tenei? I roto i te ara tetahi, kua karangatia e ratou whakaaro vypravitelnymi, rite tukua ratou ki a koe te whakahaere i te rere o nga awa. Tenei e taea te tutuki i te hanga struenapravlyayuschih me te whāiti hanganga i roto i te awa, me te taha ki nga pareparenga o te hāroto. Ngā mihi ki taua pūnaha ko te hanganga o te rere awa kia neke te reira ki te tere āhua iti, me te kupu tautoko te hongere e ki uara iti rawa tomu'a o te whanui, hohonu me te curvature. enei hanganga waipēhi Popular, momo, me te whakarōpū o e ko te whai ake:

• hanganga whakapaipai, he wahi o te pūnaha whānui mo te ture o awa, ka hāngai ana te whakamahi wā roa-;
• hanga Kōmāmā, e kore e huaina rangitahi me e whakamahia te nuinga i roto i te awa o te rōrahi iti, me te reo.

Ko te whakaurunga tuatahi ngā o pāpuni, rakau te tiaki, pāpuni, me te maitai akakoromaki i kähaki me mana haamou o te wai. hanganga Light ture - pihi o reira, taiepa o rakau, e he tika noa ranei faaapiapi i te pūrere rere.

pūnaha wai hoki irrigation

Types me te whakarōpū tā rohe i te aroaro o pāpuni - ranei Dam whaea. whai wāhi te pūnaha tuatahi te hanga o te hongere tāwhaiwhai, e toro i te awa i te tetahi koki me e wahi o te rere rerenga wai. Hei parakiwai i te raro e kore e whiwhi ki te awa irrigation e tū taua hanga i runga i nga wahi piko o te uta. Ki te he nui, na te hanga e hiahiatia ana o pāpuni, i, i roto i te tahuri, kia kia ausia hohonu ranei te rere te wai.

karawata

Karawata pūnaha wai hoki - ko ngā rārangi, e he tuna me matapihi. E whakahaeretia ēnei pūnaha mahi aunoa ranei. Ki te spillway te tautuhi anō i te wai i te taikaha i te awa ki, me te pā auroa e ko te pūnaha i roto i nei ringihia te wai kei te noa i roto i te hanganga heru wai hono pukepuke. Tei runga i te āhuatanga o te kaupapa o te wai, ka taea e kia taua pūnaha kahore pēhanga upoko pēhanga ranei.

-Whakaaro motuhake

I roto i te whakaaro motuhake mahi waipēhi he: huringa, ngā hanganga hawai, waikeri, ngā pūnaha hawai me ngā hanganga o te waka te wai. A feruri i teie taipitopito hoahoa:

• E hanga whakaurunga huringa, i teihana, whaea derivational ranei. ngā taua pūnaha o whakaurunga anake, flowlines, generators mīhini huri hiko, putorino, me vaolo o ngā momo e rere. hiahiatia HPP ki te tahuri i te rere te wai ki te pūngao hiko.
• Water waka: ngā enei pūnaha o raka, whakaara kaipuke, whakaurunga tauranga, e kua eke i runga i nga awa, awa ki taumata rerekē o te wai i roto i a ratou.
• Reclamation: tukua enei pūnaha ki te whakaaro mehua e hāngai ana whakapai tuwhena o whenua. Hei wāhanga o te reclamation kawea i roto i pana wai me te irrigation wāhi. Ki te pūnaha waikeri heke te taikaha pūnaha wai me te irrigation āta rohe taurite wā. kia whakapae poutū ranei pūnaha pana i te wai.
• Fish-: pūnaha wai hoki raraunga whakarato ika ki pahemo i te raro ki te taumata wai o runga i roto i tona hekenga, koira te nuinga. Ko o rua momo enei pūnaha: te tuatahi tā te irava ika motuhake i roto i te arawhata ika motuhake, te tuarua - i roto i kuwaha rybohodnyh motuhake me arawhata ika.
• Parataiao: He ratou puku motuhake, e e haere ana ki te ururua production me effluents ahumahi.

I roto i ētahi wā, kua ngā te whakaurunga whānui, me te motuhake, pērā i whakanohoia te pūnaha spillway e i roto i te whare mana. E huaina taua pūnaha ngātahi kōpuku o ngā hanganga waipēhi.

He aha te mea te ati?

He he ano hoki te wehenga o ngā hanganga waipēhi rite ki o ratou tohu o te ati: e taea e ratou iti, reo, tiketike tohu tiketike rawa o te mōrea ranei. Nuinga o ngā wā, te āhuatanga matua e pa ana i te mōrea o te TCA, he ahotea tūturu me pānga, ka ngoikore otinga hoahoa ki ngā ture, takahi o tikanga whakahaere me ngā hanganga, ranei te mau hopearaa o te kino e tika ana ki te aituā. Tetahi kohakore me ngā pānga ohorere kia arahi ki te whakangaromanga o ngā hanganga, taha moana pakaruhanga.