toi Classical no te mea na ka karanga, e te uara o ia hua ngā i roto i tona turanga, whakamatauria e te wā. Shakespeare, da Vinci peita, waiata, Schnittke, Rodin - Ka taea e rārangi e roa, no te mea, i hanga i roto i tona oraraa, me te whanaketanga, ko te tino roa, ka kukū te rārangi o ngā whakatutukitanga o te taata nei. A taea e whakakake o ratou teina nui, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, ko tetahi o te wahi tuatahi o te kororia māngai o te ahurea Russian roto mohio nga kaituhi te ao, me te tuhinga puāwaitanga Russian.
Ko te kaihanga o te pūrākau Russian
Ae, rite. O te akoranga, ki Turgenev i tuhinga Russian ko te rota o novelists pūmanawa. "Encyclopedia o te ora Russian" i roto i te irava, i tuhituhia e Pushkin, he whakaahua hinengaro o te whakatupuranga katoa, i hanga e Lermontov i tona "Hero ...", me te maha atu mahi whakamiharo hoatu kai ki te hinengaro me te ngakau o te iwi Russian, mātauranga, whakawhanakehia, faataa, i āwhina āhua fakalaumālie takitahi pakeke Patriots o ratou whenua. Otiia ko reira hanga Turgenev hei pukapuka Russian ki te ao rahi o te tuhinga, whakaurua kaipānui ke ki te pūtakenga o to tatou tikanga, te ora, hītori. Haapoto noa, expressiveness faahiahia o te reo, te mānukanuka o te wahi, whakaatu i te take tino nui pāpori, me te tōrangapū i roto i te hapori, i te pakanga wä, āhuatanga o mooni Russian, matauranga hinengaro hohonu me te pūkenga mīharo o te kaitoi pono - ko nga āhuatanga motuhake o Turgenev te kaituhi me ana fakatupu pai enei. Ngā mihi ki a Ivan Sergeyevich hunga ke me fakaangá ako e pā ana ki tenei āhuatanga mīharo - ". Pūrākau Russian" "Literature Russian", Ko te tino nui, me te aroha o ratou tamaiti i te kaituhi i "Tamaí mo e Fohá." Ko te tikanga o te mahi e kore kitea whānau anake polysyllabic, pāpori, ā-iwi, me te whānui whanaunga tangata, engari ano hoki te wāhi o te tirohanga o Turgenev i runga i enei take.
Aha Tamaí mo e Fohá
e kore te tūranga o te kaituhi i roto i te pūrākau i tohua tika. Ko te mea tino ngāwari ki te whakatau, ki te tango koe i te titiro tata i te hanganga hua, tātari pūāhua reo, te pūnaha o whakapakoko, ki te tautuhi i te tūranga o ngā huānga takitahi, pērā i te whenua, i roto i te pūrākau. Tenei, ratau, he rawa ngā, "Tamaí mo e Fohá." Te tikanga o te mahi whakatakotoria kua i roto i te taitara, me te tikanga toi matua o te pato'iraa ranei huritua, e taea te ata puta noa i te pūrākau katoa.
Na he aha matua me te aha ngā tamariki? No te mea te whānau - ko te wāhanga iti o te hapori katoa, me i reira, ka rite ki i roto i te whakaata, kitea te matatini, papā ētahi wā whakaari e e wiri me te ngau kino mahara tūmatanui. Na roto i te wa o te haputanga me te whanau o te tuhituhi o te ora pukapuka, kia rite ki te fakaangá Belinsky, "marara i roto i te hohonu me te whanui" i roto i te momo nui o ona āhuatanga. Tenei momo o ngā puka, me te tuku ki a tatou kite me te matau i te "Tamaí mo e Fohá." whakakitea Meaning o te mahi i roto i te pakanga i waenganui i nga whakatupuranga, i roto i o ratou whakaaro i runga i ngā mahi tōrangapū, karakia, pūtaiao, toi, kia pāpori ao, me te raupapa ao. No pakanga iti oraora me piha haapiiraa, hë ki te papamuri o te aroraa uaua o ope pāpori me wero. Te kaipānui tahuri, haere i te pene ki te pene, mārama atu matau te taitara, mō te "Tamaí mo e Fohá." Te tikanga o te mahi, ko te kore e anake ki te whakaatu i te tonu o whakatupuranga me te disengagement (whānui āhuatanga tangata), engari ano hoki ki te whakakitea te aroraa o whakapumautia tirohanga me ngā whakaaro, me te hou, haere mai ki te whakakapi i te tawhito.
whakaaro te whānau
Kia tātari a "whakaaro te whānau" te tuatahi i roto i te pūrākau. Me kï reira e te kaupapa o te whānau, ko te āhuatanga o Turgenev. I roto i tona ora pakeke noho te kaituhi "i runga i te mata o tetahi o kohanga", a ko tahi ia rawa te hononga uaua ki tona whaea. No te mea, pea, poihere Ivan Sergeyevich mahana o te kāinga, te au maite o te hononga i waenganui i nga whakatupuranga pakeke me teina. Ko te hua o "Tamaí mo e Fohá" i whakapuakina ai aua uara tonu, kahore nei, i roto i te meka, e kore e taea te neke i te ahunga whakamua whakamua. whakaahua te reira i tenei ki te whānau Kirsanovs tauira. Arkady, māngai o te whakatupuranga o muri me te pai, ahakoa, ka awe te e Bazarov, tonu rahi mau hono ki a ratou mea i aroha. Ahakoa i muri i tae i roto i te mata otchie karanga hoki ia e konei me te mea reka me atu te utu, me te atu i roto i te pane piri te rangi. Te hanga i tētahi haerenga ki te mua o tona marohirohi, ka mea a Turgenev e tonu tamata Kirsanov papa ki te tiki ofi ange ki tana tama, ki te faaite i ana ngā ngākau nuitanga, ki te ora i te mea ora maheni Arkady ki ana kaungā, e ngana ana ki te matau i te whakatupuranga hou e haere mai ana i roto i te muri o ona hoa. Ko te hua o "Tamaí mo e Fohá", rite kua whakahuatia, ko te pūrākau-te huritua. Ko ia Bazarov, a ka he te hoariri pūmau o te mua katoa, te "matua" tae atu, ahakoa ia waho ware ki tona papa, me te whaea, me te nuitia whakahi, e whakahawea ana kore he tangata ke ki a ia "Kirsanovs tawhito" mana'o o whanaungatanga. Ko te kupu, ko te mau peu utuafare , me here mo'a o Turgenev. Pōwhiri te wā hou, e whakapono ana te kaituhi e kore e taea e tetahi tino whakatutuki taima mua ripeka, tae atu i te tonu o whakatupuranga.
New me tawhito
Ko te tikanga o te pūrākau "Tamaí mo e Fohá" he whānui me te hohonu iho i tohua i runga ake pātai. Ae, pono, te whakatupuranga taitamariki, me tona maximalism tūturu maha whakaaro ratou atu maramarama, atu ahu whakamua, atu pūmanawa, atu nehenehe o mahi nui, me te whai hua mo te whenua atu i te hunga nei tau e tuhi ki te tata. Aue, engari na me nui ko reira. Na Nikolai Petrovich ko Petr Petrovich Kirsanov, iwi mātauranga me hou-whakaaro, heoi te nuinga i muri i te rere rau mua uncontrollably. whakaaro pūtaiao New, whanaketanga hangarau, kitea whakaaro tōrangapū ratou uaua reira ki matau, me te uaua ki te farii i roto i to ratou ora ia. Ko te e te tikanga kia waiho te mua whakangaro kahore morehu, wareware ki te hoatu i te reira ki runga, "mārama", rite ki whakahuatia e Bazarov? He aha, Na, ki te hanga i te wahi hou i roto i te korehau? e kore e taea e Nihilist Eugene te utu i te pikitia taipitopito - āhua, e kore ia e mohio, ko te kore i te reira iho. Na te tikanga o te pūrākau "Tamaí mo e Fohá" i te kaituhi tika kitea e kore anake ki faahapa te kino o mooni Russian, te pūnaha pāpori pirau, me ngā hononga maha tangata, engari ano hoki ki te whakamatau e kore e taea e koutou tino whakarerea te mua. u'i tangata i aru tetahi ki tetahi, ka hāngai ia i runga i te whakatutukitanga o mua.
ariā wä me te rerehua o te pūrākau
He aha atu te pūrākau "Tamaí mo e Fohá"? Ko te hua o Turgenev tuhituhia i roto i te 3 ngā wāhanga. Ko te rā tuatahi hoki ki 1860-1861 tau, ka hanga e ia te kuputuhi matua, i hanga e te wahi, a āhua i te pūnaha. E pā ana te tuarua ki te hinga o 1861 - te timatanga o te hotoke i roto i 1862 tau. I tenei wa i te kaituhi kaha recycles kuputuhi, hanga i te wahi me te whakatikatika hiato, atu te awhe marama e te raruraru i roto i runga i te huringa tōrangapū i roto i te whenua. Na rawa, i roto i te wā i Huitanguru ki Mahuru 1862 me te huringa whakamutunga ki te putanga tuatahi o "Russian Journal" mahi "Tamaí mo e Fohá." Ko te raruraru o te pūrākau - he pikitia oraora o te kaupapa o te hiki i te tutua, te democrats hou; e whakaatu ana i te hou, pato noa i te pāpori ngā mäharahara ana, nihilist, kua ui nga turanga katoa o te āhua Russian. 238 ngā whārangi o tā pai ringaringa o Turgenev haere i roto i te aamu ora o te tutu Bazarov, fakaangá nihilism e anga'ulí, te pakanga i waenganui i conservatives, Rīpera me Progressives pāhoro-whakaaro, te whākinga o taumauri, wairua, karakia, matatika, me te rerehua, papā morare.
E hiahia te kaituhi ki te mea ka aha mea ia?
Hei mahino te tikanga o te pūrākau "Tamaí mo e Fohá" e taea waho heheu te whakapakoko o te huru matua - he nihilist Evgeniya Bazarova. kī te kaituhi i kite ia i te ahua o te faitotonu kaha, nanakia, mohoao, me te haere noa,, e haere mai ana i te iwi, engari kei te mate ki te kore, e kore i te mea ano mai te wa Bazarovs. uru ia e matau ana ia, e aroha e kino ana te taua whakapakoko i hanga e ia ranei. I muri i te katoa, rapu te kaituhi ki te faaino matua te hanahana rite pai i mua, engari inaianei te roroku haere, te piha haapiiraa momo, hëoi anö te whanaketanga ōhanga me te tōrangapū o te whenua. Otiia ka tae Bazarov ki te mua, a ko taua mea e pā ana ki tenei huru whakawhanakehia i roto i te faaino kāinga o te totohe. whakaaro etahi te pūāhua Caricature nanakia matua, lampoon i runga i te whakatupuranga o muri. Etahi tangohia kupu Turgenev "nihilist", ka anga ki te karanga ratou katoa o kakai, pōuri tōrangapū whakaputaina e ngā ākonga. A meinga ingoa o Bazarov kua faaauhia ki tetahi nga ingoa o te rewera o - Asmodeus. A toru, kato ake nga whakaaro pāhoro, whakaarahia Yevgeny Vasilyevich ki te paetukutuku o ratou rangatira i te pae varua. kihai i Turgenev faaite i te whakaaro o tetahi tetahi, e kore te tuarua, e kore te tuatoru. Tenei ko tetahi o nga take o te afa wä i waenganui i te kaituhi me ngā mema o "Contemporary".
ora o te wikitoria i runga i Māoritanga
Ae, Ivan Sergeyevich, ki aroha fakamātoato katoa ki te hanahana, me te aroha ki Bazarov, me etahi whakataua, me ētahi atu. I roto i te pūrākau, i whakamatauria e ia e he matatini ake me momo o mātāpono katoa, tautohetohe tōrangapū ora, a kore e taea te hoatu e te reira ki tetahi moenga Procrustean. Nature, te aroha me te aroha tinihangakore, te whakaoranga me te mana faahanahana o toi, ka taea ïa i runga i tetahi "ngākau, hara, whakakeke ngakau." A ki te whakarau o marohirohi mahi o te pānga, me te āwangawanga ki a matou i tenei ra, hoatu ara ki tautohetohe, ākina ki te tamata i te ite rite hohonu e taea, me te whakaako katoa ki te waiho i te tangata. Na ko te āhuatanga matua o te waiata nui tenei.