Ko te hanganga o leukocytes tangata. Āhuatanga o te hanganga o ngā pūtau ma toto

tonu honotanga toto i roto i te pūnaha oko toto. mahi ia i roto i te tinana, ko te mahi tino nui: manawa, waka, haumaru me te ture, te whakarato i tētahi taiao ā-tamau o te tinana.

Toto - ko tetahi o te kiko tūhonohono, e ngā o taonga wai intercellular he hanganga uaua. Kei roto te reira i wē me ngā pūtau whakatārewatia reira, ranei te pūtau toto pera-ka karanga: leukocytes, erythrocytes me platelets. Kei te mohiotia te reira i e i roto i te 1 mm ³ o leukocytes toto ko i 5 ki te 8 mano RBCs -. 4.5 ki te 5 miriona, me platelets - i 200 ki te 400 mano.

Ko te nui o te toto i roto i te tinana o te tangata hauora he e pā ana ki 4.5 ki te 5 rita. 55-60% o te rōrahi nohoia e te wē, me ngā āhuatanga hanga he 40-45% o te katoa. He wē - he translucent kowhai wai, i roto i nei i reira he wai (90%), matū organic me inorganic, huaora, waikawa amino, hormones, metabolites.

Ko te hanganga o te pūtau ma toto

pūtau toto White - ko te pūtau toto, e he cytoplasm taekore. Ka taea te kitea ratou i roto i te toto wē me te te tīpona. Ko te tikanga ko ratou ma pūtau toto, to ratou he karihi, engari e kore ratou e whai i te āhua tamau. Ko te hanganga āhuatanga o te pūtau ma toto tenei. Ēnei pūtau e hanga e i roto i te kōateate, taikiri, wheua wheua. Āhuatanga o te hanganga o ngā pūtau ma toto whakatau i te roanga o to ratou ora, ko reira 2 ki te 4 ra. I muri i taua, e huna ratou i roto i te kōateate.

pūtau toto White: hanganga me te mahi

Ki te whakaaro tatou ki nga āhuatanga mahi, me te morphological o ngā pūtau ma toto, e taea te mea te reira e he pūtau noa e roto i te karihi, me te protoplasm ratou. Ratou mahi matua, ko te ki te tiaki i te tinana i ngā āhuatanga kino. hanganga leukocyte taea ki a ratou whakangaro kaiao ke e kua hoatu ki roto ki te tinana, e hoki whai wāhi ratou i roto i ngā tukanga pathological he maha tauhohe rawa mamae, me te ngā (hei tauira, mumura tauhohenga). Ko te hanganga o te leukocyte tangata kanorau. Etahi o ratou i te hanganga potakataka o protoplasm (granulocytes), i roto i ētahi atu i reira he kore witi (agranulocytes). A feruri i teie momo o ngā pūtau ma toto i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Ko te momo o leukocytes

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, he rerekē nga pūtau ma toto, a taea te wehea ratou i roto i te ahua, hanganga me te mahi. Ko te hanganga āhuatanga o leukocytes tangata tenei.

Na, tirohia ki granulocytes:

• basophils;
• neutrophils;
• eosinophils.

Agranulocytes fakafofonga'i e nga momo e whai ake nei o ngā pūtau:

• lymphocytes;
• monocytes.

basophils

Ko te momo pūtau maha iti rawa i roto i te toto o te mōrahi o te 1% o te katoa maha o ngā pūtau ma toto tenei. leukocytes Hanganga (basophils me āta) kuware. He porotaka ratou, i te matua Wehewehe wero ranei. Kei roto i te cytoplasm he rerekē te āhua me te rahi granules he tae papura pouri, ahua rite ratou caviar. E huaina ēnei granules stippling basophilic. Kei roto ratou ture rāpoi, whākōkī, pūmua.

Basophils mai i roto i te hinu wheua wheua, pūtau i takea mai i te myeloblasts basophilic. I muri i te paari tonu, haere ratou ki roto ki te toto, he kore te roanga o ratou oraraa neke atu i rua ra. I muri i te pūtau haere ki te kopa o te tinana, engari te mea e tupu na he mohiotia ki a ratou.

Haunga tango wahi i roto i tauhohe inflammatory, kia whakaiti basophils upoo- toto, me te ki te whai wāhi mātātoa i roto i te akoranga o te ru anaphylactic.

neutrophils

Neutrophils i roto i te toto, ko te ki runga ki te 70% o leukocytes katoa. kei to ratou cytoplasm granules tae puru-parauri, he ahua o te witi pai, e taea te tae ki te tae kūpapa tauhohenga.

Neutrophils - ma pūtau toto ko, te hanganga o te pūtau i te mea rerekē. ka moremorea ratou, engari he rite ki te rakau ( "taitamariki" pūtau) ranei i 3-5 wāhanga, e kua hono e whenu angiangi (te pūtau atu "pakeke") te matua.

E hua neutrophils katoa i roto i te hinu wheua wheua i myeloblasts neutrophil. ora pūtau pakeke 2 anake wiki, ka e ngaro te reira i roto i te kōateate ate ranei.

Neutrophil i roto i to ratou cytoplasm kua ki runga ki te 250 momo o granules. Kei roto ratou katoa bactericides, whākōkī, rāpoi ture e tauturu i neutrophil ki te whakatutuki i ona mahi. tiaki ratou te tinana i te tikanga o phagocytosis (te tukanga i roto i nei neutrophil tika ana mō huakita huaketo ranei, horo neke reira roto me ki whākōkī pire whakangaromia e te kaihoko pathogenic). Hei tauira, ka taea e tetahi neutrophil pūtau e haamou i runga ki te 7 iroriki. Kei te whai wāhi hoki te reira i roto i te tukanga inflammatory.

eosinophils

hanganga leukocyte rite ki tetahi ki tetahi. Eosinophil hoki kua he āhua porotaka me segmental karihi tokotoko-āhua ranei. I roto i te cytoplasm reira he granules nui o te āhua kotahi, me te rahi, te tae kanapa karaka, haamana'oraa o te caviar. I roto i tona hanganga kei pūmua, phospholipids me whākōkī.

Eosinophil i hanga i roto i te hinu wheua wheua o myeloblast eosinophilic. He ko reira i te 8 ki te 15 nga ra, a ka haere ki te kopa e te hunga i roto i te whakapā ki te taiao o waho.

Eosinophil hoki fagozitozu taea, engari wāhi kē (whēkau, mimi, te wahi romahā kiriuhi mucous). Ia kua ki te mahi ki te putanga me te whanaketanga o ngā tauhohe mate pāwera hoki.

lymphocytes

Lymphocytes i te āhua porotaka ka rerekē te rahi o, me te he karihi nui a tawhio. puta ratou i roto i te hinu wheua wheua o nga lymphoblasts. Lymphocyte haere te tukanga höu motuhake, mai i tenei kaiurupare. Ko reira, e nehenehe o te whakarato i te momo katoa o ngā urupare ārai, te hanga wātea i te mate.

Lymphocytes, e hopea pakari i roto i te thymus - he T-lymphocytes i roto i te kōateate tīpona ranei kōpuku - he B-lymphocytes. Ko iti te pūtau tuatahi. I waenganui i ngā momo rerekē o te lymphocytes he ōwehenga o 80%: aua 20%. ora pūtau katoa hoki e pā ana ki 90 nga ra.

Ko te mahi matua - ko te tiaki o i kawea i roto i roto i te whai wāhi mātātoa i roto i tauhohe ārai. E whai wāhi T lymphocytes phagocytosis me tauhohe ārai e te hunga kua huaina ātete kore-motuhake (ki huaketo pathogenic katoa, ko te taua enei pūtau). Ko pūtau B ahei o te whakaputa paturopi (rāpoi tauwhāiti) i roto i te tukanga o te whakangaro huakita. Ia momo kitakita hua ratou matū motuhake e taea te whakangaro i enei āpiha kino anake. whakarato ngā pūtau B he ātete motuhake whakahaua e te nuinga ki te huakita, engari e kore e huaketo.

monocyte

I roto i te pūtau, monocyte kahore graininess. Ko te āhua tapatoru pūtau tika nui he matua nui, e taea e pīni-ahuahu, a tawhio noa, tokotoko, mata, me te puka Wehewehe tenei.

whakatika te reira i monoblasta monocyte i roto i te hinu wheua wheua. I roto i te toto, tona tümanako ora ko te 48 ki te 96 haora. I muri i taua, ko te wahi o nga monocytes whakangaromia, ka haere te tahi atu wahi ki nga kopa i reira "tupulaki", puta nga macrophages. He Monocytes nga pūtau toto nui he tawhio noa ranei hanga karihi porotītaha cytoplasm puru ki te maha nui o feāvaaki (vacuoles), e hoatu i te reira i te ahua foamy.

Macrophages i roto i nga kopa o te tinana e taea ora mo te maha o nga marama, i reira e pohehe ana ratou ranei pūtau noho (noho i runga i te pae kotahi).

Monocyte ahei o te whakaputa rerekē rāpoi ture me whākōkī e e taea ki te whakawhanake i tētahi whakautu inflammatory, hurihia ranei, ki te wahia ana e ia. Ratou te āwhina hoki te tere ake te tukanga whakaora. Whakatairanga i te tupu o te wheua kiko, me te whakahokinga mai o muka karere. Macrophage i roto i te kiko mahi paruru. inhibits te reira i te whakarea o wheori.

erythrocytes

Reira i roto i nga erythrocytes toto me leukocytes. He rerekē i ia atu to ratou hanganga me ngā mahi. Ko te pūtau toto whero te pūtau e kua te āhua o te kōpae biconcave. e kore e roto i te reira i te matua, a te nuinga o te cytoplasm noho te pūmua, ka karanga pūtoto. Kei a ia ko rino, me te pūmua wahi ngota, te mea he hanganga matatini. te maua e pūtoto hāora ki te tinana.

puta ngā pūtau toto whero i roto i te pūtau wheua wheua o erythroblasts. Te nuinga o nga pūtau toto whero biconcave āhua, me te tahi atu kia rerekē. Hei tauira, ka taea e waiho ratou porohita, porotītaha, ngaua, peihana, me ētahi atu e mohiotia D. reira e kia kia hono fakahohaasi te āhua o te pūtau e tika ana ki tini o nga mate. kitea i ia pūtau toto whero i roto i te toto i te 90 ki te 120 nga ra, a ka mate. Hemolysis - ngeniwhero tītohunga whakangaromanga e puta matua i roto i te kōateate me ate me te toto oko.

platelets

He rerekē hoki te hanganga o leukocytes me platelets. Platelets kahore karihi, te pūtau he tawhio iti ranei āhua porotītaha. Ki te he mātātoa enei pūtau, ka hanga e ratou outgrowths, rite ratou he whetu. Platelets puta i roto i te hinu wheua wheua o megakaryoblasts. "Mahi" he i waenganui i te katoa 8 me 11 nga ra, a ka mate i roto i te ate, kōateate pūkahukahu ranei.

Mōtepe mahi he tino nui. E taea e ki te mau tonu i te tapatahi o te taiepa iaia, kia whakahokia ai i roto i te take o te kino ratou. Platelets hanga he thrombus me reira mutu te toto.